PLC Programming Using Ladder Logic

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of any internship involves the efforts of many people. We have been lucky to
have received a lot of help, support from all directions during this internship.

With the gratitude, I will take this opportunity to acknowledge all those who guide an encouraged
us.

I am extremely grateful to our Principal Dr. T Rangaswamy B.E, M.Sc. (Res), PhD. For creating
an excellent and technically sound environment in our institution.

Also, I would like to express our profound sense of gratitude to Prof. Krishnananda L, HOD
B.E, MTech, (PhD). Also our coordinator Prof. Gurubasavanna M G, Assistant Professor,
BE., MTech, and our guide Prof.Gurubasavanna M G for their guidance.

It’s a great pleasure to acknowledge for their help and encouragement rendered towards the
successful completion of internship.

SUBMITTED BY:

GURURAJ S J
4HG20EC007

Dept. of E&CE, GEC MH Halli 2023-24 Page i

PLC Programming Using Ladder Logic

ABSTRACT

During Internship, we have visited department and learn about the functionality and role of each
department in a design and manufacturing unit. GTTC to different industries such as PLC.
Monitoring in PLC infra is some kind of logging a Temperature and Humidity Monitoring in a
specific environment and store data in a location data base and then displaying the user values
on the Thing Speak. The core function of our proposed system is to monitor and pass the real-
time values of the temperature and humidity of a particular place from any location via internet.
The inspection of the current conditions can be visualized in the channels of the things speak
PLC platform privately or publicly. It also focuses on the controlling of the devices depend on
the situation of this system.

Dept. of E&CE, GEC MH Halli 2023-24 Page ii

PLC Programming Using Ladder Logic

CONTENTS
CHPT.NO. TITLE Page No

1. INTRODUCTION 1

Overview 1

Objectives of Internship Training 1

2. INTRODUCTION TO PLC 2

3. HISTORY OF PLC 3

4. ARCHITECTURE OF PLC 4

5. BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PLC SYSTEM 5

The Input/Output Modules 6

Power Supply 7

Central Processing Unit 7

Memory System 7

6. PLC AND HMI TRAINER KIT 8

7. PLC INPUT AND OUTPUT 9

8. HOW DOES PLC WORKS 12

9. DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLC PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGE 13

Ladder Diagram (LD) 13-16

I nputs and Outputs for PLC Programming 16

10. EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE LADDER LOGIC 17

Input Instruction 17-21

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PLC Programming Using Ladder Logic

CHPT.NO. TITLE Page No

11. BOOLEAN LADDER DIAGRAM 22

Different Types of LD 22

Instruction List (IL) 23

Structured Text (ST) 23

Function Block Diagram (FBD) 23

12. ADVANTAGES OF PLC 24

13. DISADVANTAGES OF PLC 25

14. APPLICATION OF PLC 26

15. CONCLUSION 27

16. REFERANCE 28

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PLC Programming Using Ladder Logic

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. TITLE Page No

4.1 PLC Internal Architecture 4

5.1 PLC Basic Block Diagram 5

7.1 Analog input/output 9

7.2 Digital input/output

7.3 Trainer Kit 10

8.1 PLC Working Module 12

9.2.1 Rungs and Rail in PLC 14

9.2.2 Representation of The Series Branch 15

9.2.3 Representation of The Parallel Branch

9.2.4 Representation of Nest Branch 16

9.2.5 Addressing Inputs and Outputs

10.1 No Switch 17

10.2 Nc switch 18

10.4 Timer on 19

10.5 Timer off

10.7 Count up 20

10.8 Count Down 21

11.1 AND Logic Ladder Diagram 22

11.2 OR Logic Ladder Diagram

11.3 NOT Logic Ladder Diagram 22

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