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ENGLISH FOR TEENAGERS · GENERAL ISSUES · PRE-INTERMEDIATE (A2-B1)

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1 Warm-up
Work in small groups on the tasks below.
1. Find your country on the map of the world.
2. Which continent is it on?
3. Write and say the name of your country in English.

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2 The seven continents of the world

Part A: Order the continents from the biggest to the smallest. Then listen to the recording and check
your answers.

4 South America

Antarctica

Asia

Europe

Australia

North America

Africa

Now, show the continents on the map in the Warm up section.

3 Landforms
Part A: Work in pairs and try to unscramble the words according to their definitions.

1. an area of land that is higher than the land around it: niatnuom

2. a large, hot, dry area of land with very few plants: edsert

3. a long, natural area of water that flows across the land: ervir

4. a big area of water that has land all around it: klae

5. a large area of salt water: aes

6. a stream of water that flows from a high place: fwaatelrl

Part B: Now match the words to the images below.

desert lake mountain river sea waterfall

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

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4 How well do you know geography? A quiz

Part A: Work in small groups. Listen to the questions and underline the correct answer. You have
three seconds for each question.

1. What is the name of the highest mountain on earth?

a. Mount Everest b. Mont Blanc

2. On what continent are the Himalayas?

a. in Asia b. in South America

3. What river flows through South America?

a. the Rio Grande b. the Amazon

4. Which is the longest river in the world?

a. the Nile b. the Amazon

5. How deep is the deepest lake in the world?

a. 5315 feet b. 2903 feet

6. Which continent is the hottest?

a. Africa b. South America

7. Which animals live in Antarctica?

a. penguins b. polar bears

8. Where do zebras live?

a. in Africa b. in Asia

9. Which is the highest waterfall?

a. Angel Falls b. Niagara Falls

10. How many countries are there in the Sahara Desert?

a. four b. ten

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Part B: Complete the sentences with one or two words. Then check with your partner.

biggest ocean continent desert highest mountain hottest

lake longest river mountains South America waterfall

1. Mount Everest is the on earth.

2. The Himalayas are in Asia.

3. Baikal in Russia is the deepest in the world.

4. The Nile in Africa is the in the world.

5. The Amazon, the second longest river, is in .

6. The Pacific is the in the world.

7. Angel Falls is the highest in the world.

8. Africa is the continent.

9. There are ten countries in the Sahara in Africa.

10. Penguins live in the coldest , Antarctica.

5 How much do you know about Africa?

Part A: Answer the questions, then watch, listen and check your answers.

1. Which of the animals live in Africa?

a. bears, llamas, pandas

b. crocodiles, elephants, giraffes, gazelles, hyenas

c. tigers, reindeers, zebras

2. What is a savanna?

a. a country b. a river c. tropical grassland

3. How many seasons are there in Africa?

a. one b. two c. four

4. How many countries are there on the continent?

a. 32 b. 45 c. 56

5. How many languages do the people speak?

a. about 50 b. about 500 c. about 1,500

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Part B: Listen again and decide if the statements are true or false. Give reasons.

1. The Sahara is bigger than the United States. False/’almost the size of the United States’
2. Most of Africa is desert.
3. A rainforest is a place where many animals and plants live.
4. It never rains in the savanna.
5. People lived in Egypt 5,000 years ago.

6 Drawing conclusions and guessing

Part A: Work in pairs. Read the text and decide if the sentences below agree with it. Find evidence
in the text to support your answers.

And where there’s grass, there are herbivores, also known as plant eaters. Zebras, elephants,
giraffes, and gazelles all graze off the land in large herds for safety because these herbivores
live alongside predators. The big cats aren’t the only carnivores in town. Hyenas and wild
dogs also roam this continent in search of their next meal.

1. Zebras, elephants, giraffes, and gazelles are herbivores. True; ‘these herbivores’ refers to
zebras, elephants, giraffes, and gazelles in the same sentence.
2. Predators are dangerous.
3. Predators are carnivores.
4. The big cats are predators.
5. Hyenas and wild dogs are also carnivores.
6. Carnivores eat other animals.

Part B: Find words in the text that mean the same as the words and phrases below.

1. eat grass
2. groups
3. go around
4. next to, near

Part C: Complete the definitions.

1. are animals that eat only plants.

2. are animals that eat other animals.

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7 Language focus: defining relative clauses

Part A: Study the examples in the table and complete the rules with one of the words below.

people places things

The sentences below consist of two parts, called clauses. The underlined clause (called a relative
clause) describes a noun in the other part of the sentence (called the main clause).

Herbivores are animals that eat only plants.

A waterfall is a stream of water that flows from a high place.

A geographer is a person that studies the earth’s surface.

The word ‘that’, which links the two clauses, is called a relative pronoun. It can be used to refer to
1
both things and people. We can also use the relative pronoun ‘which’ for , ‘who’
2 3
for , and ‘where’ for .

A mountain is an area of land that/which is higher than the land around it.

A botanist is a person who studies plants.

A desert is a large, hot, dry area of land where very few plants grow.

Part B: Match clauses from the two columns and link them with a relative pronoun (that/which, where,
who).

Example: A zoologist is a person who/that studies animals.

1. An amphibian is an animal a. where i. falls from the sky.

2. Ice is water b. that/who ii. studies animals.

3. A zoologist is a person c. that/which iii. it isn’t very hot.

4. Australia is the only d. that/which iv. the monkeys sleep.

continent
5. Rain is water e. that/which v. has frozen.

6. These are the trees f. where vi. lives in water.

7. We want to visit a country g. where vii. kangaroos live.

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Part C: Join the two simple sentences to make one complex sentence like in the example. Underline
the relative clause.
Example: I’ll show you a plant. The plant eats flies. → I’ll show you a plant which eats flies.

1. I’ll show you a place. It is very popular.

2. I’ll show you a place. You can see zebras there.

3. This is a bird. It cannot fly.

4. We know the guide. He is wearing a red hat.

5. The tourists traveled on camels. The camels belonged to the guide.

8 Let’s play
Work in pairs or small groups. Your teacher will give you some words from this lesson. Explain the
words by using relative clauses from the lesson.

9 Optional extension: The challenge

Complete the definitions with relative pronouns (that/which, where, who).

1. It’s a place birds lay their eggs. →

2. It’s a thing birds use to fly. →
3. It’s an organ controls your whole body. →
4. It’s a liquid flows in your veins. →
5. It’s the substance very young mammals eat. →
6. It’s the continent the Himalayas are. →
7. It’s the country the Nile flows into the sea. →
8. It’s a person studies animals. →
9. It’s a small hill of sand is near the sea or in a desert. →
10. It’s a mountain with an opening at the top gases and lava get out. →

Now, write the words from the box below in the second gap.

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10 Optional extension: relative clauses

Work in pairs. Write definitions or descriptions of the following things, people and places. Use relative
clauses.

1. A bird is

2. A carnivore is

3. A forest is

4. A photographer is

5. A grandfather is

6. Snow is

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