Topic 3 Esd

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology
ESD
“Electrostatic Discharge”
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the
sudden and momentary electric current
that flows between two objects at different
electrical potentials caused by direct
contact or induced by an electrostatic field
..\Downloads\Funny video on ESD.mp4

• Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the sudden and
Malaysian Institute
momentary electric of Aviation
current Technology
that flows between two
objects at different electrical potentials caused by direct
contact or induced by an electrostatic field.
• The term is usually used in the electronics and other

industries to describe momentary unwanted currents that
may cause damage to electronic equipment.
• ESD is a serious issue in solid state electronic , such as

integrated circuits.
• Integrated circuits are made from semiconductor

materials such as silicon and insulating materials such
as silicon dioxide.
• Either of these materials can suffer permanent damage

when subjected to high voltages; as a result there are
now a number of antistatic devices that help prevent
static build up.
Causes of ESD
• When two objects rub together, they create friction.
• A by-product of friction is heat.

– Result of the increased molecular activity brought
about by electrons moving back and forth between the
two surfaces.
• Our bodies are constantly in motion. When we move

against another material, like carpet, we create friction.
– Results in rapid movement of electrons, some of which
remain in our bodies.
– This exchange of electrons builds up a charge within
our bodies
• Built-up electrons inside us are seeking an

outlet:
- Such as a doorknob
• When we make contact with another

electrically conductive material, the electrons
jump from our body to the other material.
• So static electricity is the buildup of an

– electrical charge within an object, such as a person,
the discharge of which is in the form of electricity.
WHY DISCHARGE HAPPEN?
• Because different materials received

different levels of charge
• Show using Triboelectric Series table
» Air
» Human hands
» Glass
» Silk Increasingly
» Paper positive
» Wood
» PVC
Increasingly
» Silicon negative
• Electricity can be developed electrostatically by

friction between 2 surface
• Magnitude and polarity of the charges depend
on the different levels of charge (electron)
between material touches, friction force and
humidity of the surrounding air.
• ESD is the transfer of electrostatic charge
between 2 bodies at different potentials via
direct contact or when induced by electrostatic
field
WHY ESD IS IMPORTANT?
• Our bodies constantly generate and

release static electricity.
• Almost every time we touch something,
we discharge some amount of static
electricity.
• The human body can feel an electrostatic
discharge of 3000 volts OR MORE.
• Discharge of high levels of electricity into
wires and components not designed to
accept such levels will result in damage.
ESD Damage
• Damage is not always immediately

apparent.
– Partial damage can result in intermittent
errors in the computer because some pulses
still flow properly while others don’t.
– Users will complain of errors and problems
that are not always duplicable.
Preventing ESD Damage
• Ensure that any electrostatic buildup in your

body is discharged immediately to the
ground, you must provide a direct ground
path from your body.
• Use special electrostatic dissipative
products.
– Slow the transference of electrostatic energy,
allowing it to dissipate before damaging
components.
– Create an ESD workstation or environment

to reduce ESD damage.
– A good ESD workstation should incorporate
the components such as:
• ESD wristband or ankle strap
• ESD floor or table mats
• ESD garments
• ESD gloves or finger coverings
• Increase humidity
• Anti-static bags
• Static discharger
ESD WARNING SIGN
ESD Wristband or Ankle Strap
ESD wristband or ankle strap

• Attached to wrist with wire leading to a
metal clip which is attached to grounded
object
• Can be grounded to various items:
– ESD mat
– ESD floor mat
– Metal table or chair leg
– Removed computer case
• Separated from any components you might touch
ESD Floor or Table Mat
ESD Floor or Table Mat

• Floor mat placed where you stand
– Underside has contacts that provide outlet for ESD
to the ground beneath
– Floor and underneath mat should be kept free of dirt
and debris
• Table mat is placed on your work surface
– Provide route to ground through:
• Contacts underneath to contact metal table or
• Grounding strap that runs from mat to a grounding
source
ESD Garments
ESD Garments
• Worn over your clothing and provides a
ground wire that can be attached to an
ESD floor or table mat.
• Made of a static dissipative
material that slows ESD to give
it time to be discharged to
ground through the ground wire.
ESD Gloves or Finger Covering
ESD Gloves or Finger Covering

• Worn on the hand or fingers that will
come in contact with sensitive
components.
• Can be made of one of the following
materials:
– Vinyl
• Good for anti-ESD work
– Special substances to dissipate
or prevent ESD transference.
Increasing Humidity
• ESD buildup is greatly reduced in a humid environment.

– example humidifier
Activity 10-20% RH 65-90% RH

Walking across carpet 35,000 volts 1,500 volts
Walking across vinyl 12,000 volts 250 volts
flooring
Working on a computer 6,000 volts 700 volts
Paper and plastic moving 7,000 volts 600 volts
Lifting a component poly 20,000 volts 1,200 volts
bag
Sitting in a padded foam 18,000 volts 1,500 volts
chair
Difference in ESD Generation Based on Relative Humidity (RH)
Anti-static Bags
• Computer components are shipped in

special plastic bags.
• Storing components in these bags will
reduce the risk of ESD damage to the
component
Types Of Anti-static Bags
Electrically conductive bags

– Usually black or gray, coated with a metallic
or carbon layer, or with a metallic weave.
• Metal helps conduct ESD across surface of bag to
ground very quickly
• Carbon slows ESD transference, routing the
charge to the ground
– Bags can be used over long periods
of time without losing effectiveness
Electrically Dissipative Bags

– Usually pink, coated with a substance that
slows the transference of ESD long enough
for it to be conducted safely to the ground.
– Very little protection might actually be
afforded to the components inside.
– Anti-static properties of the
bag degrade over time.
Static Discharger
• They are used on aircraft to allow the continuous

satisfactory operation of onboard navigation and radio
communication systems.
• On aircraft, static dischargers are used on the trailing
edges of wings and other surfaces.
• During adverse charging conditions (air friction), they
limit the potential static buildup on the aircraft and control
interference generated by static charge.
• Static dischargers are not lightning arrestors and do not
reduce or increase the likelihood of an aircraft being
struck by lightning.
• Static dischargers are subject to damage or significant
changes in electrical resistance as a result of lightning
strike to the aircraft, and should be inspected after a
lightning strike to ensure proper static discharge
operation.
• Static dischargers are fabricated with a wick of wire or a

conductive element on one end, which provides a
continuous low resistance discharge path between the
aircraft and the air.
• They are attached on some aircraft to the trailing edges

of ailerons, elevators, rudder, wing, horizontal and
vertical stabilizer tips..
• On smaller aircraft static dischargers are typically

constructed out of glass-reinforced resin surrounding a
woven metal conductor.
• These are fragile and easily damaged by inattentive

operators.
Static dischargers on the winglet and

A portion of static discharger aileron of an EasyJet Airbus A319-100

Topic 3 Esd

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Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

..\Downloads\Funny video on ESD.mp4

• The term is usually used in the electronics and other

• ESD is a serious issue in solid state electronic , such as

• Integrated circuits are made from semiconductor

• Either of these materials can suffer permanent damage

• When two objects rub together, they create friction.

• A by-product of friction is heat.

• Our bodies are constantly in motion. When we move

• Built-up electrons inside us are seeking an

• When we make contact with another

• So static electricity is the buildup of an

• Because different materials received

• Electricity can be developed electrostatically by

• Our bodies constantly generate and

• Damage is not always immediately

• Ensure that any electrostatic buildup in your

– Create an ESD workstation or environment

ESD wristband or ankle strap

ESD Floor or Table Mat

ESD Gloves or Finger Covering

• ESD buildup is greatly reduced in a humid environment.

Activity 10-20% RH 65-90% RH

• Computer components are shipped in

Electrically conductive bags

Electrically Dissipative Bags

• They are used on aircraft to allow the continuous

• Static dischargers are fabricated with a wick of wire or a

• They are attached on some aircraft to the trailing edges

• On smaller aircraft static dischargers are typically

• These are fragile and easily damaged by inattentive

Static dischargers on the winglet and

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