LANGUAGE 0 3

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Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 MODULE 1:INTRODUCTION TO
MATERIALS AND MATERIALS
DEVELOPMENT
LESSONS:
1. Defining Materials and Materials
Development
2.Current trends and issues in materials
development
3. Who should develop
materials?
Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.
 AFTER GOING THROUGH THIS MODULE, YOU
ARE EXPECTED TO:

• Defined materials;
• Discussed what “materials development”
and “materials” are;
• Cited examples of language learning
materials used in the classroom;

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 WHAT IS LANGUAGE LEARNING?
• It can be explicit (i.e. the learners are aware
of when and what they are learning) or it
can be implicit (i.e. the learners are not
aware of when and what they are learning).
• It can also be of declarative knowledge (i.e.
knowledge about the language system) or of
procedural knowledge (i.e. knowledge of
how language is used).

Prof. Brian Tomlinson, 2012

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT LEARNING

Sentence example;

The teacher was explicit on who should be

punished.

He implicitly said he likes yellow trousers by

saying she loves all colors but white.

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 WHAT IS ‘MATERIAL’?
• The matter or substances from which
something can be made
• Tools or apparatus for the performance of a
given task
• Having a logical connection with a subject
matter or consequential event of the
knowledge of which would significantly
affect of decision or course of action
Prof. Brian Tomlinson, 2012

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

WHAT IS ‘MATERIAL’?
• Any Systematic description of the
techniques and exercises to be used in
classroom learning
• The key in developing sound materials is to
ensure that they are described and
organized well enough so that teacher can
use them with no confusion and with a
minimum of preparation time
James D. Brown, 2007

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

WHAT IS LANGUAGE LEARNING
MATERIAL?
- it refers to everything used to help teaching
language learners (Tomlinson, 1998);
- it facilitates teachers and learners in the
language learning (Richards and Schmidt, 2002).
- it can be in the form of linguistic, visual,
auditory,
or kinesthetic.

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

WHAT IS LANGUAGE LEARNING
MATERIAL?
- It may be presented in print (a textbook, a
workbook, a photocopied handout, so forth), audio or
video form, on CD-ROMS, on the internet or through
live performance or display
- It can be everything that presents or informs
about the language being learned (English) can be
used as learning materials (Tomlinson, 1998).

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

WHAT ARE THE DEFINING
CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIAL?
- Builds in pedagogic purpose
- Inform the learner about the target language (informative)
- Guide the learner in practicing the language (instructional)
- Provide the learner with experience of the language in use
(experiential)
- Encourage the learner to use the language (eliciting)
- Help the learner to make discoveries about the language
(exploratory)

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

WHAT ARE THE FORMS OF
MATERIALS?

1. Printed
2. Non-Printed
3. Self-access and Internet

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

WHAT ARE THE ROLES OF MATERIALS
IN LANGUAGE LEARNING?
• A source for presentation (spoken or written)
• A source of activity for learner practice and
communicative interaction
• A reference source for learners on grammar,
vocabulary, pronunciation, etc.

Cunningsworth, 1995

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

WHAT ARE THE ROLES OF MATERIALS
IN LANGUAGE LEARNING?

• A source of stimulation and ideas for classroom

activities
• A source for syllabus
• A support for less experienced teachers who have
not yet gained confidence in teaching

Cunningsworth, 1995

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
AUTHENTIC AND ARTIFICIAL
LEARNING MATERIALS?
Authentic Materials
Any material which are not designed for learning
and teaching purposes

Artificial Materials
Any material which are designed and intended for
teaching and learning purposes

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF
AUTHENTIC LEARNING MATERIALS?

• They have a positive effect on learner motivation

• They provide authentic culture about teaching and
learning
• They provide exposure to real language
• They relate more closely to learner’ needs
• They support a more creative approach to teach

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 WHAT ARE THE DISADVANTAGES OF
AUTHENTIC LEARNING MATERIALS?
• Artificial (created) material can also be motivating
• Authentic materials often contain difficult language
• Artificial materials may be superior to authentic
materials as they are generally built around a grade
syllabus
• Authentic materials preparation is time consuming
• Authentic materials may contain culturally
inappropriate content
• Authentic reading texts are usually quite long, which
usually leads to demotivate
Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.
 WHAT IS MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT?

It refers to all the processes made use of by practitioners

who produce and/or use materials for language learning,
including materials evaluation, their adaptation, design,
production, exploitation and research. Ideally, all of these
processes should be given consideration and should
interact in the making of language-learning.

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 WHAT ARE THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
DEVELOPING LEARNING MATERIALS FOR
LANGUAGE LEARNING?

1) Materials should achieve impact

2) Materials should help learners to feel at
ease
3) Materials should help learners to
develop confidence

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 WHAT ARE THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF
DEVELOPING LEARNING MATERIALS FOR
LANGUAGE LEARNING?

4) What is being taught should be perceived by

learners as relevant and useful
5) Materials should require and facilitate
learner self-investment
6) Learners must be ready to acquire the point
being taught
Tomlinson, B. (1998)

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 WHAT ARE SOME FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN
DEVELOPING LEARNING MATERIALS?

1) Identify the learners’ and learning needs.

2) Analyze the needs and collects materials suitable
with the needs.
3) Determine the possible approaches and techniques
which can be used by considering the condition of
the learners and the possible situations of language
use which the students will encounter.
Tomlinson, B. (1998)

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

 WHAT ARE SOME POINTS TO BE CONSIDERED IN
PROVIDING EFFECTIVE MATERIALS?
1. Language - is functional and must be contextualized;
should be realistic and authentic; requires learner
engagement in purposeful use of language
2. Classroom materials will usually seek to include an
audio visual component
3. Second language learners need to develop the ability to
deal with written/spoken genres
4. Materials need to be flexible enough to cater to
individual and contextual differences
Crawford (2002)

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.
 SOURCES:

http://
www.lenguasvivas.org/campus/files/0_47/Material%20
development-Tomlinson.pdf

https://sites.google.com/view/theeltpractitioner/archive
/2018/volume-v-number-iii/2-role-of-materials-
development-for-english-language-learning-and-
teaching

Geraldine M. Constantino, PhD.