STS MIDTERMS REVIEWER
Social class are impacts on which of the
Science - A systematized body of
knowledge based on experimentation,
research, and facts.
Technology - The use of scientific
knowledge and/or empirical knowhow for
the production, improvement, and
distribution of goods and service, as well as
the satisfaction of other material needs is.
Society - It is a group of person joined
together for a common purpose or by a
common interest.
Revolution - Wide-reaching change in the
way something works, organized or change
in people’s ideas.
Artifacts or Hardware - Products
fabricated by humans to meet specific
needs such as tools, machines, implements
are.
Knowledge & Methods - A system of tacit
and explicit knowledge, techniques,
materials utilized in using, making, or
repairing a certain kind of artifact.
Cultural Activity or Profession - Military
men or civil engineers, crafters, machinists
is/are a ___.
A Societal Enterprise - “an American
technological know-how” an invention,
patronage, mass production and mass
consumption is/are.
Community Life - The shift from nomadic
life to farming led to the development of the
city. Networks of transportation,
communication, and trade systems,
Specialized labor, Government and religion,
following areas.
Industrial Revolution - The nineteenth
century witnessed the Industrial Revolution:
Invention of textile manufacturing machines,
Division of labor, Increase in production,
Crowded cities, Unsafe and unhealthy
working conditions are
impacts on which of the following areas:
20th Century - Invention of the trolley car,
automobile, Status symbol, Alternative to
harsh, crowded city conditions
and birth of suburbs happened on the:
Work - Technical innovations saved
physical energy and lessened people’s
workload: The tractor, The refrigerator, The
vacuum cleaner, the washing machine, are
technological impacts on:
Health - The advancement of medical
science such as in 1796, Edward Jenner
paved the way for modern immunology by
discovering a vaccine for smallpox, is a
technological impact on:
Penicillin - Sir Alexander Fleming
discovered ________, the first antibiotic, in
1928;
Anesthesia - Dr. William Thomas Green
Morton, in 1846 was one of the first medical
practitioners to use ________ :
Cloned - In 1997, scientists at the Roslin
Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, introduced
Dolly the sheep, the first mammal ever to
have been:
Inventions and innovations in
communication have had a major influence
on society. Egypt is to papyrus and
hieroglyphics and Ancient Rome is to
Roman alphabet:
Ancient Greece is to public speaking,
persuasive rhetoric, drama, and philosophy
and Europe is to printing press:
Progress - is a series of improvements in
human life marked by inventions and
discoveries:
STS - It is the description, understanding,
and prediction of physical phenomena
through the use and generation of verifiable
theories, laws and principle:
Science is based in all of the following :
Observations & Hypothesis, Conclusions
& Scientific Theory, Experiments &
Observations
STS - It is the study of how social, political,
and cultural values that affect scientific
research and technological innovation, and
how these, in turns society:
Empiricism - Scientists prefer to “look and
see”. They won’t argue about it, but rather
test to prove it:
Parsimony - Scientists prefer simple
explanation, explain thing in a very simple
way rather than complex way:
Precision - Scientists prefer very exact and
very “picky”:
Science - It leads to formation of concepts,
methods, principles, theories, law and
procedures:
Technology - The branch of knowledge that
deals with the creation and use of technical
means and their
interrelation with life, society, and the
environment, drawing upon such subjects
as industrial arts, engineering, applied
science, and pure science.
Society - It is the system of collective,
cohabitation of groups of individuals with
mutual understanding, benefits and
common goals.
Life Science - This branch of science
pertains to living organisms like
microorganisms, plants, animals and human
beings.
Nutritional Science - It is the science
concerned with food and nourishment and
the role of nutrients in health:
Department of Health - This government
office is responsible for organizing public
healthcare and making sure that all Filipino
citizens have access to quality health
services:
Printing Press, Telephone, X-ray - This is
one of the notable human success in the
field of science and technology:
Threat to Human Survival - The invention
of nuclear weapon in 1945, like the nuclear
bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima that
caused death of many people, this is:
Ethical Dilemmas - Exploitation of advance
scientific knowledge and technological
devices and systems gave rise to situation
in which advances seem to have turned
against their beneficiaries:
Disparities in Human Well-Being - There
are advanced countries enjoying science
and technology based success and hold
high esteem in contemporary society versus
millions of people in less developed
countries who have not partaken in these
benefits:
Impacts of Science on Society -
Considering of the diverse range of
intersecting issues and values at play in
discussions about genetic engineering of
organisms can help to identify and examine
such broader impacts in research:
Impacts of Technology on Society -
Humans use technology to travel, to
communicate, to learn, to do business and
to live in comfort, however, technology has
also caused us concerns:
Biotechnology - It is a synthesis of a
number of disciplines which depend on
inputs from a wide range of scientific and
technological fields:
Heart Transplant, Blood Transfusion,
Homicide - The following are the issues of
bioethics:
Friedrik Miescher -
Deoxyribonucleicacid(DNA) was first
isolated in 1869 by the Swiss biochemist
Large scale production of cancer, Not all
those who may need can afford, The
creation of penicillin - These are the
disadvantages of recombinant DNA
technology:
Gene Therapy - It is refers to the future
possibility of introducing new, functional
genetic information contained in molecules
of DNA into human cells with the intention of
treating human genetic disease:
Biotechnology - is a synthesis of a number
of disciplines which depend on inputs from a
wide range of scientific and technological
fields.
Biology & Technology - Biotechnology
give interplay of
According to Johnson (1987) biotechnology
as the technical of biological knowledge in
production, he said that the number of
technologies, originating from molecular
Biology.
Ejike (1983) - Author that can explained
that Biotechnology is a new science that
synthetic in nature which developed
from the interaction of fundamental
disciplines like genetic, biochemistry,
chemical engineering, microbiology,
physiology, and all aspects of process of
technology:
Kille (1897) - Expressed his own idea of
Biotechnology as the application of
biological organisms, systems and
processes to manufacturing and service
industries:
According to Ozoro (1979), science
whereby technical tasks are performed
normally under the direction
and supervision of biological scientists,
contributory to biological experiments, test
and analysis and industrial public health,
agricultural and other practical applications.
Biological & Physical Sciences -
Biotechnology will require a much broader
understanding of
Technologists & Technicians -
Biotechnology required a number of posts to
be taken by professional
Synthesize large quantities of antibiotics
- All of the following are Advantages of
Recombinant DNA Technology:
Provided explanations and conclusions
without detailed experimentations -
Pseudoscience
Acupuncture, Astrology, Alchemy - The
following bodies of knowledge are
considered as pseudoscience:
China and America are two of the leading
countries which have advanced
technological products through Sciences:
they have the same concept of science,
they follow the same methodology which
is scientific method.
Vaccine - Technological product injected to
humans intravenously and it is invented for
humans to generally avoid infections of
life-threatening diseases
Penicillum notatum – used for infections
with wounds : Antibiotic penicillin was
discovered and extracted from the fungi of
Fingerprint technology revealed that our
fingerprints are one of the unique characters
in humans. Fingerprint technology is
significant because: it improves criminal
justice system, it is used for tracing
pattern of genetic inheritance for twins, it
is used for identity for documents such
as identification cards
Industrial Revolution is one of the significant
movements in our history that continuously
introducing technological advancements:
Industry 1.0 - steam, Industry 3.0 –
automation, Industry 2.0 – electricity,
Industry 4.0 – computer tech
The field of medicine started to prosper
during the period of scientific revolutions.
Andreas Vesalius is reliable and accurate
in giving findings on human anatomy
because: he used human corpse to
explain the structures and functions of
each human organ.
Science is an intellectual activity because: It
involves systemic observation and
experimentation. It encompasses a
systematic and practical study of the
natural and physical world.
SARS-CoV-2 - The causative agent of
COVID-19 is
During Pre-spanish time, early Filipinos
utilize indigenous science in preparing soil
for agricultural purposes for good harvest of
crops: they interpret the movements of
heavenly bodies to predict seasons
Manunggul Jar - Burial jar excavated from
a Neolithic burial site in the Tabon Caves at
Lipuun Point, Palawan, Philippines
Scientific revolution was considered as the
golden age for the philosophers and
scientists during the 16th to 18th centuries
because: it changed the views of society
about nature which leads to the
emergence of modern science.
Galleon Trade - Historical trade of products
that paved way the Philippines to access
additional technology and development from
different regions of the globe during Spanish
colonization period

National Research Council of the
Philippines (NRCP) has 4 clusters of
research policies.
The NRCP clustered these policies into
four:
1. Social Sciences, Humanities,
Education, International Policies and
Governance: Integrating ASEAN
awareness in basic education without
adding to the curriculum.
● Emphasizing teaching in the mother
tongue.
● Developing school infrastructure and
providing ICT broadband.
● Local food security.
2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial
Research, Earth and Space Sciences,
and Mathematics: Emphasizing degrees,
licenses and employment opportunities.
● Outright grants for peer monitoring.
● Review of RA 9184.
● Harnessing science and technology
as an independent mover of
development.
3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences: Ensuring compliance of drug
manufacturing firms with
ASEAN-harmonized standards by full
implementation of FDA.
● Creating an education council
dedicated to standardization of
pharmaceutical services and care.
● Empowering food and drug agencies
to co nduct evidence-based
research as pool of information.
● Allocating two percent of the GDP to
research.
● Legislating a law supporting human
genome projects.
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture and
Forestry: Protecting and conserving
biodiversity by full implementation of
existing laws.
● Use of biosafety and standard model
by ASEAN countries.
● Promoting indigenous knowledge
systems and indigenous people’s
conservation.
● Formulation of common food and
safety standards.
Essential truths about the industrial
revolution: the invention of machines to
do the work of hand tools, the use of
steam and later of other kinds of power,
the adoption of the factory system
Ramon Carlos Barba - Filipino scientist
who made outstanding research on tissue
culture in Philippine mangoes
Based on the framework below, Science
and Technology is influenced by several
variables: It needs to be aligned to
national goals, considers international
guarantees based on legal contexts, and
responds to various social needs,
issues, and problems.
The following concepts are included in the
formulation of Indigenous Science:
Community culture and values, Science
process skills, Traditional knowledge
The following are the greatest contributions
of ethnomedicine, an indigenous science in
the field of drug discovery: Scientists were
able to analyze and identify the chemical
components of their alternative plant
medicines, Scientists were able to design
natural drugs out of the proven and
identified chemicals from the local plants
in the community, Scientists were able to
verify if their alternative plant medicine
can actually prevent, cure, or lessen the
implications of a disease or disorder.
Endosymbiotic Theory - Eukaryotic cells
may have evolved when multiple cells
joined together into one. They began to live
in what we call symbiotic relationships. The
theory that explains how this could have
happened is called
Verification Theory - Mitochondrion now
can be inherited from both parents of an
organism. Principle that guides this
paradigm shift is
National Research Council of the
Philippines (NRCP) has 4 clusters of
research policies. The NRCP clustered
these policies into four:
1. Physics, Engineering, and Industrial
Research in Earth and Space
Sciences, and Mathematics
2. Social Sciences, Humanities,
Education, International Policies and
Governance
3. Medical, Chemical, and
Pharmaceutical Sciences
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture and
Forestry
Science as an intellectual activity follows a
systematic method which is named as
scientific method:
Stating the problem → formulating
hypothesis → conducting an experiment
→Analyzing and interpreting
the data→drawing of conclusion
Credit allocation - In terms of ethics, what
is violated the case of Rosalind Franklin on
her X-ray’s photograph
Eudaimonic life supports the idea of
sustainable development such as:
I. It encourages individual to live in
harmony with the nature.
II. It enthuses to be mindful of the impact
on the environment. III. It inspires to
work towards a sustainable future.
According to Aristotle, theoretical sciences
include: biology, physics, metaphysics,
logic, etc. Practical sciences include
ethics and politics.
Truth - The ultimate goal of theoretical
sciences is to seek
Matter - The ultimate goal of practical
sciences is to seek for
World of matter - The idea of Plato, a
physical chair is a not true and just a copy
of the ideals and/or mental models. This
belief is anchored with this concept
Theism - Not believing in any notion of
afterlife, is a sociological philosophy
Humanism - There are things that are
beyond ones control, tends to divert
attention to things that finds it
meaningful this sociological philosophy is:
True statement - “Science provides good
life for people and the quest for good life
fuels Science”

Top 10 Foods of the Future:
#10: Nanofoods: by the year 2040,
nanotechnology would be part of every
single mass produced food product,
seeming to lend credence to the idea.
#9: Sonically-Enhanced food: A study out
of Oxford University showed that the taste
of food was actually changed by the “sonic
properties” of what eaters were listening to.
#8: GMO: GMOs can either be considered
helpful, or a huge hindrance to the way
we’ve come to eat. As technology moves
forward, it seems inevitable that the genetic
engineering already taking place in our food
will continue to advance.
#7: Edible Water Bottles: One
London-based company, however, has
made news for creating ... a totally edible
water bottle. It’s a seaweed based product
which is relatively inexpensive to produce.
#6: Camel Milk: In some countries, camel
milk can already be found in grocery stores,
but we’re predicting that as time goes by, it
will become more and more popular
because of the ecological impact that
farming cows has on the environment.
#5: Farmed Fish: In fact, in 2011, there
was more fish farming in the world than
there was beef farming! It may seem hard to
believe, but this practice is already on the
rise in a major way. The fish farming
industry hasn't been without issue, however,
so if you want to be a smart consumer, it’s
good to look into exactly where the fish you
eat is coming from.
#4: 3D Printed Food: 3D printed food won’t
cure world hunger by any means, but it
seems likely that it will be used moving
forward to create foods or quantities that
would be impossible by hand.
#3: Algae: Algae can easily be farmed in
the ocean, which is beneficial if we’re
worrying about fresh water shortages. And if
you’re imagining chowing down on
something icky and slimy – think again.
Algae can be used as a food in ways that
would make you completely forget what
you’re eating.
#2: Lab Grown Meat: Lab grown meat isn’t
technically vegetarian, but it could appeal to
people looking to improve their ecological
footprint. Even lab grown fish is becoming a
thing! This technology is advancing quickly,
and we can expect to see products on the
market pretty soon.
#1: Bugs: scientists are predicting is that
eating insects will become more popular –
and more necessary! – as time goes on.
From crickets, to grasshoppers to
mealworms, there are a wide variety of bugs
that are both abundant and nutritious.
Bluetooth - A short-range wireless
communication technology
Steps to be taken to reconcile the need for
technology and the ethical dilemmas it
faces: Consider the potential benefits
and risks of technology, Engage in
ongoing evaluation and reflection,
Engage in ethical decision-making
Leucoderma - “Lukoskin” is a drug
developed by the Defense Research
Development Organization (DRDO) to treat
the signs and symptoms of:
Indonesia - Country in the world that has a
maximum number of robots working
Growth of technology produces several
advantages to human: Decrease on
mortality rate, Decreases literacy,
Increase average lifespan
Past-Present technology that is correctly
paired: Floppy Disk to Thumb drive,
Television to UHDTV, Books to Kindle,
electronic, digital computer to ENIAC
Aristotle - The be-all and the end-all of
everything that we are doing is for
happiness. This line was popularized by the
Philosopher
Happiness, Health, Prosperity -
Eudaimonia is defined literally as state of
Inventions and Inventors that is correctly
paired:
Anesthesia :: Humphry Davy,
Electricity :: Benjamin Franklin,
Germ Theory :: Louis Pasteur,
Nicolaus Copernicus::Heliocentric
Model, Claudius Ptolemy::Geocentric
model
Humanism - “Captain of his own ship” MAN
IS LITERALLY THE CAPTAIN OF HIS OWN
SHIP, what social philosophy
Contributions of Industrial 4.0:
Communication Network Infrastructure,
Big Data Platform, Artificial Intelligence
and Machine Learning, Cloud computing,
3d printing, Robotic system, Internet of
things
DNA - is a molecule of inheritance on which
hereditary information are stored in virtually
every organism.
Cloned - first used to describe a population
of cells or organisms, all derived from a
single cell or organisms by asexual
multiplication.
Foundation known as Recombinant DNA
Technology, laid by Watson and Crick
(1953) in the British Journal “Nature”.
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
Clone - was first used to describe a
population of cells or organisms, all derived
from a single cell or organism by asexual
multiplication.
Cloning Technology - is widely expected
to contribute to the stable supply of livestock
food sources, to the manufacture of
pharmaceutical products, to the production
of test animals.
In the year of September 1997, Council for
Science and Technology established the
Bioethics Committee to engage in studies
into the issue, including hearing for
gathering public comment from the people.
Law bans the transfer of human cloned
embryos is called: Law Concerning
Regulation Relating to Human Cloning
Techniques.
Council for Science and Technology
Policy - engage in discussions about the
future handling of fertilized human embryos,
while banning the practice for the time
being, in accordance with guidelines
established under the law.
Escherichia coli - Most commonly used
vectors are bacterial plasmids, and the
lambda bacteriophage for cloning in:

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
Convention on Biological Diversity:
adopted under the auspices of the
Convention on Biological Diversity, for the
purpose of adopting measures in line with
the safe transport, handling, and utilization
of gene recombinant life forms.
Dolly - A group of scientists at the Roslin
Institute in Edinburgh, headed by Dr. Ian
Wilmut, successfully cloned a sheep which
they named
Rhesus monkeys - Another group of
scientists at the Oregon Regional Primate
Research Centre, USA, had cloned two
46 - The procedure used demanded that a
body-cell nucleus, containing a full set of __
chromosomes, be implanted in an ovum,
the nucleus of which had been destroyed.
Test - Tube Babies - Embryo implanted in
the uterus of a woman, this achievement
was made possible by a technique which
was developed in 1973, and technique of
Invitro fertilization (IVF) usually referred to
Plant Breeders - cloned higher plant by
propagating them sexually through simple
techniques such as cutting and grafting.
Master Cells - Embryonic Stem cells have
the potential to differentiate into every type
of cell in the human body, is called
Biotechnology Education - is the training
of mind and character of the applications of
biological findings to technology with
respect to new industrial prospects:
Astrophysicists - Filipino scientists who
are “changing the world”: R. Reyes and A.
Carillo are
Radar meteorologist - Irene Crisologo is
a___
Julius Sempio: is a specialist in
geoinformatics and remote sensing.
Kamela Ng: is a molecular epidemiologist.
Migs Canilao: is an anthropologist and
archaeologist.
Sarah Olivia: is a geophysicist:
Angel C. Alcala: is known for her research
of Philippine amphibians and reptiles which
led to the addition of
50 new species.
Evelyn Mae Mendoza: is known for her
research in plant biochemistry, particularly
in the makapuno phenotype of coconut and
the nutritional worth of indigenous legumes.
B.D. Cabrera: developed innovative drug
treatments for mosquito-borne disease,
involved in medical parasitology and public
health.
P.B. Escuro: achieved fame as a plant
breeder, developed high-yield varieties of
C4 rice:
DepEd - oversees implementation of school
curricula and schools programs in both
elementary and High school levels, science
and technology is taught under the K + 12
program:
CHED - was created as a separate entity to
oversee the system of higher education, to
formulate policies, plans and programs for
the development of public and private
higher education:
Indigenous Science - Traditional health
habit practices, use of herbal medicines,
knowledge in preserving foods, building
irrigation systems, making wines and juices,
making vinegar, cheese and nata de coco,
classifying different types of soil
for planting, are examples of
Indigenous Technology - Product or
process resulting from the continuous
pursuit of Indigenous Science
Medical Incubator - Invented by Dr. Fe del
Mundo, first Asian student at Harvard
University’s School of medicine. This tool
was purposely invented to regulate body
temperature of newborn babies
Erythromycin - In 1949, Dr.Abelardo
Aguilar, discovered the antibiotic from his
own home in Iloilo, sent this to his employer
in the US to separate the strain,
unfortunately, he did not get the credit for
the discovery of
Ruperta David, accidentally discovered
Patis in 1940 but officially registered in
1949 as Tentay Food and Sauces, Inc.:
Maria Orosa y Ylagan - Banana Catsup is
a condiment for every fried food served on
the table discovered by
Anticancer cream - Rolando de la Cruz, a
scientist who developed an ______ from
cashew nuts and other local
herbs.
16-bit Microchip - Developed by Diosdado
Banatao - allows the computer users to
make graphical presentation using graphics
for commands
Mole Remover - A cream formulated by
Rolando de la Cruz in 2000, to remove
warts on the skin
Micro-algaeculture - Milagrosa R.
Martinez is a pioneer in the field of:
Molecule biology - Baldomero Olveria, Jr.
conducted a research in the fields of _____
and biochemistry:
Benito Vergara - is an expert on the
flowering response of rice to photoperiodism
and physiology.
Carmen Velasquez - studied parasites and
their hosts in the fish, or fish parasitology.
According to Liberman, et al(1986):
biotechnology is “the application of
biological systems to technical and
industrial processes”. This implies the
integration of all biology, molecular biology,
genetics, microbiology, cell biology,
biochemistry with chemical process
engineering.
DNA - was conclusively identified as
primary genetic material.
Gene Cloning - also known as molecular
cloning, refers to the process of isolating a
DNA sequence of interest for the purpose of
making multiple copies of it. The identical
copies are “clones”.
(Strepto, Penicillin), Enzymes and
hormones (insulin), Nitrogen fixing genes
into the genomes of crops plants, Cure
diseases: hemophilia, sickle cell anemia,
production of vaccines, Producing hybrid
crops with better yield and greater
nutritional value (GMOs)

Test-tube Babies - Couples rendered

infertile can now clone and produce their
own child through

Disadvantages of Recombinant DNA

Technology - Large scale production of
cancer-causing viruses, The creation of
Penicillin – resistant recombinant E. coli,
Requires an expert in the field to carry out
the cloning, Human being, if cloned by
asexual reproduction may be denatured,
Not all of those who may need can afford it.

Invitro fertilization (IVF) usually referred to

as “test-tube babies” was developed in
1973. This IVF techniques was credited to
Dr.L.B.Shettles, a professor at the
Columbia Presbyterian medical Centre,
New York, in collaboration with Dr. Williams
Sweeny, a clinical professor of OBGyne at
Cornell University.

Clonal reproduction - Test-tube babies are

done in recently couples who cannot
reproduce sexually are now able to
reproduce asexually through the process
called