SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY - Drawn from a variety of disciplines, including

anthropology, history, political science, and

LESSON 1 sociology, scholars in these programs created
ELTING E. MORISON undergraduate curricula devoted to exploring
the issues raised by science and technology.
- Founded the STS program at Massachusetts
Institute of Technology SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND PUBLIC POLICY

HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY - A sense that science and technology were

developing in ways that were increasingly at
- Examines technology in its social and historical odds with the public’s best interests.
context.
Humanize  professional skills
- 1960s: some historians questioned
technological determinism Sociological | STS systems engineering

- Induce public passivity to technologic and DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY

scientific 'natural' development By Aristotle
- "Development-by-accumulation“of accepted
- A tool for making decision
facts and theories
- Wider range of public knowledge
HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
- Balances the voice and influence of all
-After the publication of Thomas Kuhn's well- participants
known The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
(1962), which attributed changes in scientific PRIVATIZATION
theories to changes in underlying intellectual
paradigms, programs were founded at the By Andrew Kahrl
University of California, Berkeley and elsewhere BEACHES - destroyed private protection
that brought historians of science and
philosophers together in unified programs. INTERNET - exploitation of digital resources and
private information
- Episodic model - conceptual continuity in
normal science were interrupted by periods of TRAGEDY OF COMMONS
revolutionary science
By Garrett Hardin
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
- Degradation of the environment whenever
- In the mid- to late-1960s, student and faculty many individuals use a common resource
social movements in the U.S., UK, and European
ALTERNATIVE MODERNITY
universities helped to launch a range of new
interdisciplinary fields - Represents the political and social structures
of the society, the sum of interpersonal
- Seen to address relevant topics that the
traditional curriculum ignored
discourse, and ultimately a snap shot of individual, due to the fact that it is already
society’s direction at a point in time. widely accepted by society.

- A conceptual tool conventionally used to SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION

represent the state of present western society
TECHNOSCIENCE
- A way for society to quantify what it wants to
move towards Science + Technology + Society

-Can be used to analyse the differences in TECHNOSOCIAL

interactions between cultures and individuals -Social, political, and economic factors are
inherent in technology and that social structure
PACE INNOVATION
influences what technologies are pursued
The speed at which technological innovation or
advancement is occurring.  Technological Optimism
 Technological Pessimism
TOO SLOW OR TOO RAPID EXTREMES!  Technological Neutrality
 Technological Determinism
NO INNOVATION WITH REPRESENTATION
 Scientism
- No innovation without representation is a  Technological Progressivism
democratic ideal of ensuring that everyone
LESSON 2
involved gets a chance to be represented fairly
in technological developments. ANTECEDENT
PRIVILEGED POSITIONS OF BUSINESS & ANCIENT PERIOD
SCIENCE
 Sumerian Wheel
- The unique authority that persons in these  Potter’s Wheel
areas hold in economic, political, and techno  Edwin Smith Papyrus
social affairs
 Shadoof
- Businesses have strong decision-making  Antikythera Mechanism
abilities in the function of society, essentially  Aeolipile
choosing what technological innovations to
MIDDLE AGES
develop.
 Heavy Plough
- Scientists and technologists have valuable
 Gun Powder
knowledge, ability to pursue the technological
 Paper Money
innovations they want.
 Mechanical Clock
LEGACY THINKING  Spinning Wheel

- Inherited method of thinking imposed from an MODERN AGES

external source without objection by the
  Zacharias Janssen’s Compound Natural Selection
Microscope
On The Origin of Species
 Galileo Galilei’s Telescope
 Jacquard Loom Darwin’s Finches
 Orville Wright & Wilbur Wright Engine-
Powered Airplane FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
 John Logie Baird’s Television
Sigmund Freund
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
Psychoanalysis
PHILIPPINES
 Ego (Conscious)
E-jeepney - environment friendly
 Superego (Subconscious)
-economical  Id (Unconscious)

Abelardo Aguilar - erythromycin LESSON 5

Dr. Fe del Mundo - medical incubator SCIENCE

- 1977 Ramon Magsaysay Scientia (Latin Word) – ‘Knowledge’

Award
Rolando dela Cruz - mole remover
- Annacardium occidentale
Maria Orosa - banana ketshup
- mashed banana + sugar +
vinegar + spices
LESSON 3
- A systematic and methodical activity of
building and organizing knowledge about how
the universe behaves through observation,
experimentation or both.
UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION (TIDES)
- Discovery of regularity in nature, enough for
natural phenomena to be described by
principles and laws.

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS AND SOCIETY

Science required invention to devise
COPERNICAN REVOLUTION
techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and
Nicolaus Copernicus organizations to describe these natural
regularities and their law-like description.
Heliocentric Model (Telescope)
De Revolutionibus Orbium Coeletium JOHN HEILBRON (2003)
The Revolution of Celestial Spheres “ Modern science is a discovery and an
invention”
DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
TECHNOLOGY
Charles Darwin
Techne (Greek root word)
– ‘art, skill, or cunning of hand’
- The application of scientific knowledge, laws,
and principles to produce services, materials,
tools, and machines aimed at solving real-world
problems.
MARK ZUCKERBERG
Definition of technological tool
“What defines a technological tool – one
historical definition – is something that takes a
human’s sense or ability and augments it and
makes it more powerful. So, for example, i wear
contact lenses or glasses; that is a technology
that enhances my human ability of vision and
makes it better.”
LEWIS WOLPERT (2005)
- Explained that reliable scientific knowledge
has no moral or ethical value
- It is meant simply to explain how nature and
the universe work and that the obligation of
scientists, besides studying the universe, is to
explain the possible uses and applications of
such scientific knowledge.
- Scientists are not responsible for the
application of knowledge in technology.
- The very nature of science is that it is not
possible to predict scientific discoveries and
how these discoveries may be applied.
- While scientists are responsible for the reliable
conduct of scientific inquiry and its honest
interpretation and dissemination, technological
applications of science are influenced by other
sectors such as politics and governance,
religion, and business.
INTRODUCTION OF MACHINES: CUT THE NEED
FOR HUMAN WORKFORCE.
Carl Sagan quoted in tom head’s (2006) book:
“We live in a society absolutely dependent on
science and technology and yet have clearly
arranged things so that almost no one
understands science and technology. That’s a
clear prescription for disaster”
HARVARD KENNEDY SCHOOL
- Sts seeks to bridge the gap between two
traditionally exclusive cultures; humanities
(interpretive) and natural science (rational) – so
that humans will be able to better confront the
moral, ethical, and existential dilemmas
brought by the contibued developments in
science and technology.
EMERGING DILEMMAS AND POLICY ISSUES IN
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
By: John J. Reilly Center for Science, Technology,
and Values of the University of Notre Dame
HELIX
- A digital app store designed to read genomes
BLESSU-2 & PEPPER
- Robot Priest and Monk
EMOTION-SENSING FACIAL RECOGNITION
- A software being developed to assess your
reactions to anything
RANSOMWARE
- A way of holding data hostage through hacking
and requiring a ransom to be paid
TEXTALYZER
- A device that analyzes whether a driver was
using his or her phone during an accident
SOCIAL CREDIT SYSTEM
- A system of scoring citizens through their
actions by placing them under constant
surveillance
GOOGLE CLIPS
- A hands-free camera that lets the user capture
every moment effortlessly
SENTENCING SOFTWARE
- A mysterious algorithm designed to aid courts
in sentencing decisions
FRIENDBOT
- An app that stores the deceased’s digital
footprint so one can still “chat” with them
CITIZEN APP
- An app that notifies users of ongoing crimes
or major events in a specific area
LESSON 6
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION
BUILDING
GREGORIO ZARA
- First two-way video phone
- 30 patents under his name, including a solar-
energy device, a propeller-cutting machine, and
an airplane engine that ran on plain alcohol as
fuel
DIOSDADO BANATAO
- credited with having developed the first 10-
Mbit Ethernet CMOS with silicon coupler data-
link control and transceiver chip, the first
system logic chip set for IBM's PC-XT and the
PC-AT, and the local bus concept and the first
Windows Graphics accelerator chip for personal
computers.[3] A three-time start-up veteran, he
co-founded Mostron, Chips and Technologies,
and S3 Graphics.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
 Establishment of formal education
institutions
 Launching of scientific organizations
 Natives were trained to use innovative
approaches in farming
 Engineering was introduced and
developed
 Trade was prioritized
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
 Laboratorio municipal
 Bureau of government laboratories
 Bureau of science
PRESIDENTS OF THE PHILIPPINES AND THEIR
CONTRIBUTIONS
FERDINAND MARCOS
 Department of education culture and
sports
 Taguig as philippine science community
 Philippine coconut institute
 Philippine textile research institute
 Philippine atomic energy commision
 Philippine council for agricultural
research
 PAGASA
 Philippine national oil company
CORAZON AQUINO
  NSTA TO DOST

FIDEL RAMOS

 Doctors to the barrio

 National program for gifted Filipino
children in science technology
 Magna carta for scientist, engineers,
researchers, and other science and
technology personnel in the
government
 Science and technology scholarship
 Inventors and inventions incentives
 Intellectual property code of the
Philippines

JOSEPH ESTRADA

 RA 8792: Clean Air Act

 Electronic Commerce Act

GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO

 Filipinnovation
 Ra 10601: Biofuels Act
 Agriculture and fisheries mechanization

BENIGNO AQUINO III

 Named new national scientists

RODRIGO DUTERTE

 Diwata 2 (2018) - philippine space

technology program
 Priorities research and development in
terms of budget