M

COMPUTERAIDED
DRAF
TING(CAD)

PRACT
ICALLYCI
VI
L
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 I
NTRODUCT
IONTOAUTOCAD
DRAWI
NGANDMODI
FYI
NGOBJECT
S
AutoCADisdr aft
ing/modeli
ngs oft
wareus edalloverthe
worl
d byal mostal lManuf ac
turi
ng companies.Itisvariabl
e
soft
warewhi c
hc anbeus edinallengineeri
ngdivi
si
ons.Itisa
draf
ti
ngver si
onpopul arl
yknownt oever yoneassoci
atedwi t
h
mechanicalengi
neer i
ng.T he AutoCAD drawing enabl
es the
desi
gner t o communi cate his ideas to the out s
ide of
depart
menteas i
ly.
Conversi
on ofAutoCAD f
i
lesto others of
twar
eisalso
us
ingdrawingexchangeFormul
a.I
nthelesson,commandsand
pr
oceduresfordr
awingandmodify
ingt
heObj ectsar
eexpl
ored.

STARTANDSAVEADRAWI
NG
Wheny ous t
artadrawing,youspec
if
ythetypeofunit
s
andothersett
ingsyoucanal
s ochoos
ehowt osaveyourf
i
les,
i
ncl
udi
ngs avi
ngbac kupfi
l
es.
Thes etti
ngsy ous el
ect
,Engli
shamet ri
cdeter
minesdefaul
t
values used formany s y
stem vari
abl
es ofcont
rol
li
ng t
ext
dimensi
ons ,gr
id,s
napanddef aul
tli
netypeandhatchpatt
ern
l
if
e.
ENGLI
SH - Creat
es a new drawi
ng based on I
mperi
al
MeasurementSyst
em.The dr
awing i
s bas
ed on c
ad.
dwt
templ
ate.
METRI
C
Createsanew drawi
ngbasedonmetri
cmeas ur
ement.
T
hedrawingisbasedonOcadi
so.
dwtt
empl
ate.Savedrawi
ng
f
i
lesf
orlat
eruse.

CONTROLTHEVI
EWS
Youcanmagnifythedetail
sinyourdrawi
ngforac l
oser
vieworshif
tthevi
ewtoadi ff
erentpar
tofthedrawing.I
fyou
cansavetheviewbyname,youc anr
estor
ethemlat
er.

UNI
TS
Ever
yobjectismeas
ured i
nunit
s.I
nAutoCAD we c
an
det
erminetheval
ueoft
heuni
tsbef
orewedraw.

LI
MIT
S
Thedrawingsli
mit
sar etwo-dimensi
onalpoi
ntsi
nthewor
ld
c
oordi
nat
et hatrepresental ower-l
eftl
i
mitandanupperri
ght
l
i
mit
.Youcannotimposelimit
sont heZdirect
ion.

AUTOCADCOORDI
NATEENTRYMETHODS
ABSOLUTEMETHOD:(
X,Y)
Absolut
e Cart
esi
an coordinatesspecif
ya point
’sex ac
t
distancefromtheori
ginpoi
ntoft hecoor
dinates
yst
em, whic
his
representedas( 0,
0).Theabs olut
eXandYc oor
dinatesare
signednumber s.
RELATI
VEMETHOD:(
@X,
Y)
Rel
ati
ve Car
tes
ian c
oordinat
es s
pecif
y a poi
nt’
s ex
act
di
stancef
romthel
astpoi
ntthatwasenter
ed.
Forexample,
typi
ng@4, 2tell
sAutoCADt oloc
ateapointt
hatis
f
ourXuni t
sandt woYuni tsawayf rom thelastpoi
ntent
ered.
TheXandYr el
ati
vec oor
dinat
esar es i
gnednumbers.Dir
ect
dis
tanceentr
yisas hor
thandrel
ativec oordi
nateent
rymethod.
POLARMETHOD:(
@DI
STANCE<ANGLE)
Pol
arcoordi
natess peci
f
ya point
’sexac
tlocat
ion bya
di
stanceandanglefrom thelas
tpoi
ntthatwasentered.T
he
di
stancei
sal
way sposit
iveandtheangl
eismeasur
edf r
omthe
posi
ti
veXaxis
.
Forex
ample,typi
ng@4<45t el
lsAutoCADtoloc
ateapoi
ntt
hat
i
sfourunit
sawayf r
om t
hec urrentl
ocat
ionandatanangl
eof
45degreesfr
omt hehor
izont
al.
 AUTOCADCOMMANDS

LI
NE(
L+ENTER)
Li
necommandal l
owsyout
oc r
eat
eali
newheretheendpoi
nts
are speci
fi
ed by two di
mensi
onalor t
hree di
mensi
onal
coor
dinat
es.
POLYLI
NE(
PL+ENTER)
PLI
NEcommandall
owsyoutodrawli
neandarcs egments
,but
f
rom st
arttoend,i
tistr
eatedasas ingobject.Wit
hPLINE
command,y
oucandrawobj
ectsevenwi
thl
inewidth.
ARC(
A+ENTER)
TheARCc ommandal
lowsyoutocr
eat
eanarcsegment
.There
aredi
ff
erentmet
hodsofcr
eati
nganarc
.Thedi
f
fer
entmethods
ofcr
eati
nganarcar
e:

 3Poi
nts

 Cent
re,
Star
t,Radi
us

 St
art
,Cent
re,
End

 St
art
,Cent
re,
Angl
e

 St
art
,Cent
re,
Lengt
h

 St
art
,End,
Angl
e

 St
art
,End,
Dir
ect
ion

 St
art
,End,
Radi
us
CI
RCLE(
C+ENTER)
T
heCI
RCLEc
ommandal
l
owsy
out
ocr
eat
eac
ir
cl
e.T
her
ear
e
f
ourdi
f
fer
entmet
hodsf
ordr
awi
ngc
ir
cl
es.T
heyar
e:

 Cent
re

 Radi
us/
Cent
re,

 Di
amet
er

 3Poi
nts(
3P)

 2Poi
nts(
2P)

T
angent
,Tangent
,Radi
us
POLYGON(
POL+ENTER)
Poly
gonc ommandc reat
esar egul
arpol
ygon.Youmustspecif
y
thenumberofs idesofthepoly
gonandwhet heri
tisI
nsc
ribed
orCirc
ums c
ri
bedpolygon.Now,speci
f
ythecentreandr
adiusof
thepolygonci
rc
le.
OSNAP(
F3)
Osnapal
l
ow youtosnapont
oas
pec
if
icobj
ectl
ocat
ionwhen
youar
epic
kingapoi
nt.
Forexampl
e,us
ingOsnapyoucanac
cur
atel
ypi
ckt
heendpoi
nt
ofali
neorthecent
erofac
irc
le.
ERASE(
E+ENTER)
T
hiscommandisusedf
ordelet
ingunwant
edobj
ect
s.Youmus
t
s
elec
ttheobj
ecttobeeras
ed.
COPY(
CO+ENTER)
The c
opyc ommand isus ed formaki
ng copiesofs el
ect
ed
obj
ects.T
heobjecttobecopiedmustbesel
ectedandthebase
poi
ntmus tbes peci
fi
ed and thecopycanbedr agged and
pl
acedattherequi
redposit
ion.
MOVE(
M+ENTER)

T
hisc
ommandisusedf
ormovingsel
ect
edobjec
t s
.T heobj
ect
t
obemovedmus tbes el
ect
edandi t
sbasepoi ntmustbe
s
peci
f
iedt
henwecandr
agittother
equi
redl
ocat
ion

ROTATE(
RO+ENTER)
Thi
scommandi susedforrotat
ings el
ectedobject
s.Torot
ate
anobjec
t,fi
rsts
elec
titandspecif
yabas epoint.Nowenteran
angl
evalueorspeci
fyasecondpointtorotat
etheobject
.
Enter
ing a pos it
ive angle value r ot
ates the objects
count
ercloc
kwise orc l
ockwi
se,depending on t
he Direc
ti
on
Contr
ols ett
ing and Drawing Uni
tsdial
og box.The pl
ane of
rot
ati
onandt hedi rec
ti
onoft hezeroanglesdependont he
ori
entat
ionoftheus ercoordi
natesys
tem.
MI
RROR(
MI+ENTER)
TheMIRRORc ommandi sus edf orc r
eat i
ngmi r
rorimagesof
sel
ect
edobj ec
ts .Youmustfi
rstselecttheobjecttobemirrored
andthenspecifytheaxi
salongwhi chitismirr
ored,t
oc r
eatean
mir
rorimage oft he s
elect
ed obj ect.Thisis a veryus eful
commandf ordr awingsymmet r
icalobj ec
tsaboutapar t
icul
ar
axi
s.
OF
FSET(
O+ENTER)
Offsetanobjec
tt oc
reateanewobjectwhoseshapeparal
l
els
thes hapeoftheorigi
nalobj
ect
.Of
fsett
ingac i
rc
leoranar c
createsalar
gerorsmall
erc
ir
cl
eorar
c,dependi
ngonwhichsi
de
yous peci
f
yfortheof
fset
.
POLARARRAY(
AR+ENTER)
Thi
sc ommandc r
eatesanarr
ayofthesel
ect
edobj ectar
ounda
centrepoi
nt.Youmustspec
if
ythecent
repointofthearr
ay,t
he
totalnumberofit
emsandt heanglet
ofil
lf
orc r
eati
ngapol ar
arr
ay .
RECTANGULARARRAY
Thiscommandcr
eat
esanar
rayoft
hesel
ect
edobj
ectsdefi
ned
byt henumberofr
owsandcol
umnsandtheof
fsetbetween
them.

EXTEND(
EX+ENTER+ENTER)
T
he EXTEND c
ommand el
ongat
est
he s
elec
ted obj
ect
stoa
s
pec
ifi
edboundar
y.
TRI
M(TR+ENTER+ENTER)
TheT RI
Mcommand tr
imsof
fanobj
ectus
ing c
utt
ing edges
def
inedbyot
herobj
ect
s.
Heretheuserisrequi
redtos elec
tobj ect
(s)t
odef i
nec ut
ti
ng
edge(s)t
hensel
ecttheobjec
tt obet r
immed;thes el
ectedsi
de
oftheobjec
tisremovedbas edont hes i
deofs el
ecti
onofthe
obj
ecttobetri
mmedr el
ati
vet othecutti
ngedge.
BREAK
TheBREAKcommandisusedtoremoveonl
ypart
sofanobject
.
Youmustspeci
f
ythefi
rstands
econdpoi
ntsbet
weenwhic
ht he
obj
ectmustbedel
eted.
F
ILLET(
F+ENTER)
F
ILLETr
oundsoft
heedgesoft
woar
cs,c
ir
cl
es,el
l
i
pti
calar
cs,
l
i
nes
,polyl
i
nes,r
ay s
,spl
inesorx
li
neswit
hanarcofaspec
if
ied
r
adi
us.Roundsalongtheedgescannotbec
reatedwi
thzero
r
adi
us
CHAMF
ER(
CHA+ENTER)
CHAMF ERc ommanddr awsal ineatthec ornerbet
weent wo
selec
tedli
nes.I
ftheli
nesdonoti nt
ers
ec t
,itext
endsthel
ines
.If
theyint
ersect
,theli
nesex t
endingbeyondt hechamf
erli
necan
bet r
immedorleftasiti
s,bythetri
mmode.
LENGTHEN(
LEN+ENTER)
The LENGTHEN c
ommand i
sus
ed t
oinc
reas
e/dec
reas
ethe
l
engthofAutoCADobj
ect
s.
DI
VIDE(
DIV+ENTER)
Thi
scommandpl acesevenlyspacedpointobject
sorbl oc
ks
al
ongthelengthorperi
meterofanobject
.Youc ans el
ectonl
y
oneenti
tyatat imetobedi vided.T
heent i
ti
est hatcanbe
sel
ect
edare:l
ine,
arc,
cir
cl
e,pol
yl
i
neands pl
ine.
ZOOMALL(
HOME)
Thi
sz oomtodispl
aytheenti
redrawi
ngi
nthecurr
entvi
ewport
.
Thedispl
ayshowsalltheenti
ti
eseveni
fthedrawingext
ends
out
sidethedrawingl
i
mits.
ZOOMWI
NDOW(
Z+ENTER)
ZOOM WI
NDOW commandstodispl
ayanareaspec
if
iedbyt
wo
di
agonal
l
yoppos
itec
ornerpoi
ntsofar
ect
anglewi
ndow.
ZOOMEXTENTS
T
hiszoom todis
playthedrawi
ngex tent
s.I
fthedr awi
ngsare
s
malli
ntheexisti
ngli
mit
s,t
hent hereisanenl
argingeff
ecton
t
hes c
reen.I
fthedrawingoccupiesthecomplet
ear eaofthe
l
imi
ts,t
hent
her
earemanynotbei
ngmuc
hdi
f
fer
enc
ebet
ween
ZOOMALLandZOOMEXTENTS.
DI
MLI
NEAR(
DLI
+ENTER)
T
hisc ommand spec
if
ies t
he l
i
neardi
stanc
e bet
ween t
wo
s
elec
tedpoi
nts.
DI
MALI
GNED(
DAL+ENTER)
Thiscommandi
susedforspec
if
yi
ngthel
ineardi
stance(exac
t
dimensi
onal
val
ue)bet
weentwopoint
swhic
hareincl
inedatan
angle.
DI
MANGULAR(
DAN+ENTER)
Thi
scommand i
sus ed f
orobt
aini
ng t
heangl
etwos
elec
ted
poi
nts
.Thet
hreety
pesare:
1
)Ar
cSel
ect
ion
2)Ci
rc
leSel
ect
ion
3)Li
neSel
ect
ion
4)T
hreePoi
ntSel
ect
ion
DI
MRADI
US(
DRA+ENTER)
Thi
scommandgivestheval
ueofradi
usofthespec
if
iedci
rc
le,
arcorfi
l
let
.Aradi
aldi
mensi
onconsi
stsofaradi
usdimensi
on
l
inewi
thanarr
owheadatthear
corci
rcl
eend.
DI
MCENTER
T
hiscommandmar kst
hec ent
repointofthesel
ect
edar cor
c
ir
cl
e.Thecent
ermarkcannotbeupdated,sos
ettherequi
red
s
tyl
ebefor
eexecut
ingt
hiscommand.
LI
NETYPE
LI
NETYPEgreat
lyi
mprovest
hereadabi
l
it
yoftec
hni
cal
drawi
ngs.
You can make i
mport
antfeat
uresst
and outwi
th bol
dli
ne
wei
ghts.
LAYER(
LA+ENTER)
Layeri
sanorganiz
ingt ool.Layer
sareli
keone,wher
ey ouc
an
keepvari
oustypesofi nformati
on.I
t’
salwaysagoodideato
keepnotesandreferences ymbolsabouteac
helementoft
he
drawi
ngaswell
asdr awingdi mensi
onsonanewlayer
.
DI
STANCE(
DI+ENTER)
Thi
scommandl i
ststhedi
stanc
ebetweentheselectedpoints
andalsoli
stsouttheangl
eincurr
entpl
aneand3Dangl ef
rom
thecurr
entplane,basedont hedir
ect
ionofpic
kingt hetwo
poi
nts.I
talsol i
ststhepr
oject
ed l
engt
hsont het hreeax es
cal
l
edthedel t
alengt
h.
TEXT(
T+ENTER)
TEXTc ommandc reatestextobj ect
swi t
hs peci
f
iedheightand
ori
entation.Tex
tobj ect
sc an be created wi
th a vari
etyof
char
ac terpat
ter
nsc al
lst
yle.Thi
sc ommandal l
owsyout otypea
si
ngleli
neormulti
pleli
nesoft ex
t.
MTEXT(
MT+ENTER)
MT EXTc reat
espar agr
aph thatf i
twithi
n a nonpr
int
ing t
ext
boundar y
.T heus erspec
if
ied t
ex tboundarydetermi
nest he
widthoft hepar agr
aphandt hejusti
fi
cati
onofthetextwit
hin
the paragraph.Each mul
ti
li
ne textobjectisa si
ngle obj
ect
,
regardl
essoft henumberofli
nesitcont
ains.
HAT
CH(
H+ENTER)
Hat
chesar
eshadedpatt
ernwhichgener
all
yrepres
entcross
-
sec
ti
onofamechani
calcomponent
.Usi
ngBHAT CHc ommand
t
herequi
redar
ea,t
ypeofhat
ch,hat
changl
eands
cal
ecanbe
s
pec
ifi
ed.
PROPERTI
ES
ThePROPERT I
ESc ommanddi s
playsthePropert
iespal
ett
e.The
Propert
ies pal
ett
ei st he mai n method for vi
ewing and
modify
ingthepropert
iesofAutoCADobject
s.
VPORTS
Viewpor t
sar eareasthatdis
playdiff
er entvi
ewsofy ourmodel.
Asy ouwor kont heModeltab,y ouc ans pl
i
tthedr awingarea
i
ntooneormor eadj acentr
ectangularviewsknownasmodel
space vi ewport
s.I nlarge orc ompl ex drawings
,di spl
ayi
ng
dif
ferentviewsr educesthetimeneededt oz oom orpani na
si
nglevi ew.Also,errorsyoumi ghtmi ssinonevi ew maybe
appar entintheothers.
EXTRUDE(
EX+ENTER)
Soli
dscanbecreatedbyextr
udingsel
ect
edobjec
ts.Us
ethe
EXTRUDEcommandt oc
reat
eas oli
dorsur
fac
efr
omac ommon
prof
il
eofanobj
ect
.
REVOLVE(
R+ENTER)
REVOLVEcommandc anc r
eat
eas ol
i
dors ur
fac
ebyrevol
vi
ng
openorc l
osedobject
saboutanax i
s.T
her evol
vedobj
ect
s
defi
netheprof
i
leoft
hes ol
i
dorsur
fac
e.
PYRAMI
D
Thi
scommandcancreateas ol
i
dpyramid.Thenumberofsi
des
f
orapy r
ami
d,fr
om 3t o32,canbedefined.Theaxi
sendpoi
nt
def
inest
hel
engthandorient
ati
onofthepyramid.
CREATELAYOUTS
Alay
outsti
mulat
esasheetofpaperandprovi
desapredic
tabl
e
pl
ott
ingsetupforal
ayout,youcanc r
eateandpos i
ti
onview
postobj
ectsandyouc anaddat i
tl
eblockorotherobject
s
geometr
y.
PLOTDRAWI
NGS(
Ctr
+P)
Onceyouhavecompl
etedadr
awingyouc
anplotthedr
awing
onpaperorcreat
eaf i
lef
orusewit
hanotherappl
i
cat
ion.I
n
ei
therc
ase,
yousel
ectt
hepl
otset
ti
ngs.
 AUT
OCADSHORT
CUTF
UNCT
IONKEYS

F
1 Di
spl
aysHel
p

F
2 ExpandstheCommandLine
hi
s t
orywhentheCommandLine
windowisfl
oati
ng,
ordi
spl
aysthe
TextwindowwhentheCommand
Li
newi ndowisdoc
ked

F
3 T
oggl
esOSNAP

F
4 Toggl
es3DOSNAP(Aut
oCADonl
y)
orToggl
esTABMODE(Aut
oCADLT
onl
y)

F
5 T
oggl
esI
SOPLANE

F
6 Toggl
esUCSDET
ECT(
Aut
oCAD
onl
y)

F
7 T
oggl
esGRI
DMODE

F
8 T
oggl
esORT
HOMODE

F
9 T
oggl
esSNAPMODE
F
10 T
oggl
esPol
arT
rac
king

F
11 T
oggl
esObj
ectSnapT
rac
king

F
12 T
oggl
esDy
nami
cInput

Pr
act
ic
all
yCi
vi
l
ht
tps:
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.me/
joi
nchat
/AAAAAE8wy
cE3SpKQ-
uUz
lg

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TELEGRAMCHANNEL

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nOurTel
egr
amChannel
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ingBooks