PART-A

1. Point the steps to install and run VNC server on Raspberry pi.
To enable VNC on the desktop, navigate to the start menu > Preferences > Raspberry Pi
Configuration. Then select 'Interfaces', and click 'Enable' next to VNC. Then click 'OK'.
Using the arrows, navigate to 'Interfacing Options' > 'VNC', then choose 'Yes' and select
'OK'.
2. Define Logical design using python.
The logical design of using Python in IoT is easy enough to develop from the standpoint of
an IoT system architecture. By using modern IoT frameworks and protocols for transferring
data from devices, you can effectively build high-performing IoT systems. The advantages
of using this approach are the availability of a wide range of development tools, libraries,
and communications for the most complex devices based on Raspberry Pi, including video
processing from cameras.
3. What are the types of sensors?

1. Temperature Sensor
2. Proximity Sensor
3. Accelerometer
4. IR Sensor (Infrared Sensor)
5. Pressure Sensor
6. Light Sensor
7. Ultrasonic Sensor
8. Smoke, Gas and Alcohol Sensor
9. Touch Sensor

4. Mention the different types of IoT tools.

 Arduino.
 Flutter.
 Kinoma.
 Tessel 2.
 M2MLabs Mainspring.
 Raspberry Pi OS (ex. Raspbian)
 Node-RED.
 Eclipse IoT.
5. Write a note on Node-RED.
Node-RED is an uncomplicated open-source visualization tool for the combination of
devices for the Internet of Things. The tool, developed by IBM’s Emerging Technology
department, enables you to link, hardware, an API or online service. Node-RED renders
 a user-friendly interface for developers to connect devices efficiently and swiftly. Node-
RED is developed on node.js, a server-side JavaScript platform extensively used in IoT
projects and also can be operated in the cloud.
6. List various key tools used for building applications.
 Arduino  Flutter  Kinoma  Tessel  M2MLabs Mainspring  Raspberry Pi OS (ex.
Raspbian)  Node-RED  Eclipse IoT  SiteWhere  DeviceHive  Home Assistant
7. Justify how a Linux OS is useful in IoT.

Linux’s modular design allows developers to select only the necessary components,
reducing the size and complexity of the operating system.

Furthermore, Linux’s lightweight design allows it to run on low-power devices, which

are frequently used in IoT applications.

Another advantage of Linux for IoT is its security. IoT devices are often vulnerable to
cyberattacks because they are connected to the Internet and may serve as an entry point
to the corporate network. Linux’s security features have proven themselves, and the
open-source nature of the operating system means that any vulnerabilities are quickly
identified and addressed.
8. What is called Eclipse?
Eclipse IoT (Internet of Things) provides three stacks of software and tools, which allow
the creation of IoT applications for (i) constrained devices, (ii) gateways and (iii) cloud
backends. Several of the Eclipse IoT projects appear to be useful also within the
Arrowhead Framework.
9. Define list and tuples.
In Python, list and tuple are a class of data structures that can store one or more objects
or values. A list is used to store multiple items in one variable and can be created using
square brackets. Similarly, tuples also can store multiple items in a single variable and
can be declared using parentheses.
10. What is meant by GPIO?
GPIO stands for General Purpose Input Output. The Raspberry Pi has two rows of GPIO
pins, which are connections between the Raspberry Pi, and the real world. Output pins
are like switches that the Raspberry Pi can turn on or off (like turning on/off a LED light).
But it can also send a signal to another device.
11 What is smart irrigation system?
Smart irrigation technology uses weather data or soil moisture data to determine the
irrigation need of the landscape. Smart irrigation technology includes: These products
maximize irrigation efficiency by reducing water waste, while maintaining plant health
and quality.
12 Mention the three levels of home automation.

Home automation functions on three levels, including monitoring, control, and

automation.

 Monitoring enables users to keep a close check on the connected devices through a
mobile app.
 Control allows users to take over their devices remotely, such as turning on the AC
and adjusting the thermostat to set the right temperature
 Automation includes calibrating the devices to trigger each other, like setting off
the alarm system when motion is detected

13 Define smart grid.

Smart grids are designed to lower long-term costs through smart energy IoT monitoring
and source rerouting for fast recovery when a power failure is detected.
14 Analyze on the term Machine diagnosis and prognosis.
Machine diagnosis means testing the units for vibration. The goal is to extend the units'
run time by measuring their vibration on a regular basis. AERZEN's alternative is to
measure vibration, temperature and RPM with a mobile device, as well as using an
integrated system for constant online monitoring.
Machine Fault Prognosis:
The most obvious and normally used prognosis is to use the given current and past
machine condition to predict how much time is left before a failure occurs. The time left
before observing a failure is usually called remaining useful life (RUL).
15 What is called Case Based Reasoning (CBR) method in industry?
Case-based reasoning (CBR) is an artificial-intelligence problem-solving technique that
catalogs experience into “cases” and correlates the current problem to an experience.
CBR is used in many areas, including pattern recognition, diagnosis, troubleshooting
and planning.
16 Define REST architecture.
REST (Representational State Transfer) is a software architecture style aimed at
distributed hypermedia systems such as the web. This term refers specifically to a
collection of principles for the design of network architectures
17 When urban centers are labelled as smart?
A smart city uses information and communication technology (ICT) to improve
operational efficiency, share information with the public and provide a better quality of
government service and citizen welfare.
18 What are consequences for smart parking system?
Safety Concerns: There is a risk of accidents when using a modern puzzle parking
management system. The risk of accidents increases if the user is unfamiliar with the
 system. Technical Issues: The system relies on technology, and technical issues may
arise. These issues can be time-consuming and expensive to fix.
19 Which sensors are used in weather monitoring system?
Temperature Sensor
Humidity Sensor
Rainfall sensor
Wind sensor
20 Which IOT level is used for weather monitoring system?
IOT LEVEL 6
It has multiple independent nodes/devices for sensing, monitoring, actuating and
sending the data to cloud by controller service. • Data involved is big. So data is stored
in cloud. It uses cloud based application to visualize data. Primary analysis requirement
is computationally intensive.