Em, _ASS\QNMENT- on a Ps 4, Explato toner detector and eanos correction with pal 4 lok woding + hen wnor dafedror cadlis ae used» Whe wun, or owky ped oud thot Arometlung & voveng bud will not be off, sto ray which bif(A) ore iowerrd the owly way od, 4 to oak Ae trameitttn to xebvanmid dhe frame. &: Parity , Chedkaums, Cydhve Redken Dancy adi, Rc) | ae when mor wonedion cody we weds de lee nD pirpomd Me Ovrcneows bit ond ben torech Henn. Ex: Harewing tecles, — Binary Gorwolutionad coder Reed - Solomon wads, Low- Rensity Pauty Choke Lochs W Poo ty SA yet ddeien KR Single parity bre appendla) to the date. x fn Ben-oy an odd ~pari ty adume can be dhoren x the yo of 1 afl adthing Ye eneecling (Rarity) bit should be fren odd. x tre toda of ‘A? 0100 0001 will be (0100 00010, io we of tren -panity theme E100 00011, 10 caw a odd- parity aAdaenne, * Rewiren chodks pov the equine par. A 4 wde wilh O sogis: patty bi hos a ditenw », Sime ony Aways torte wor preduws 2 vodeword worth arorg yeosty. aba uans Hho Van dekeck sage nora, (o> Checksurd x athe duloum & plaud at the od of murege, ab he wermplimat oh sure -fundon,Eonovs 24} be deeded By Aummeng the avtre seteived) tedewword, bol dotrlots and thecksurn. Uy the sewtt tomes gut 40 be geno, MO Los far been detected) x Exawplt! he dota unit to be trammitted & LoLoroo} ooo), Sondin Ste: Jovo1oo | Subust \ ool\\1o00\ subunit VY 100010 Sum Curing Vs wmplomenct) ovolliol Chuksun (complement of, Aum) Rewven_tite 1 010100) Subunit | OO1I1O01 — gubunit OODV 1101 — daecksum WVU NVA artes 00000000 — Sums conaplemon Routt w zero, i) means no error. @ Cydic Redlundanug ches CcRc) x (RE Wes qernados polynomial +n~ ny ob bits im dada to be sot fom nendeysiche k- nw of Bs vo Whe key obtained fioro qeeweodtor polynori a Sendan side - yentrabor ob Erucdled dale por dla and upnerakos polynowu al (he binary deca vs Prat augmated by adding K~! Bur in the end of the dhbor W Ox medulo—o bbteany divurn to divide brnany dale by the Key and store sermandin af diviioni [> Aygend “he Nemands ced she end of the dife to prs the enoded dala and rend He Aame | Rune ade - uk ipahoe we coos vhreduad 19 boning, Perfor stoduly > divaton agaro and th the semandin u 9 | Ban thee cre no Cor. $2. Dal Lord tv be sent - 100100 key Wor [ x4304+7] Senden Stole \\ol) 180190000 | 1100 | ‘ol 0001 A the remand» UY 90! and hinw dial ret! 1001 Oooo} Rewive Side (lo) Jioc10000) lio) 01000 lio) 0\0\0 lo} Ollo Vo} yO) vo} e000 sho vemaindam ane all Zewr. tlnu no 1Crwt WrTrechon or Resunag vadsy ew eH reclundant bik can he aalleulcited wg the proud of 2 mspei volwne P= veclindadt ob m= cafe bit. supe We ne oh dale BY ty ten the me of qtdurdad bits can foe calleshithed wsing 22> bass alu no, of vdundawt bit = 3 Paty ibe qeranal algontinrn pos “Hamnang rode G) Wat Me br parities Aarbng frorn 1 in biney for C1, 0,11, [00 Be) (i> AU Ake BYE Portions that ane a pow gh aon marked o pavty bit (1,9,4,8 dc) prop Ake ofan bit poritions ane moaked as data bile. Boh data by w wduded tn a wine set of pity br, a delenmind if bit parthon mm lomany for. + Yonity br) lever ad bits parihen vohare binany apraed” jndudy A \ in lout Aighificant paritioo C135, 59,9 ake) vatludts a 1 1 299 pasitron prone Lect @w Ponty bit 2 Agnifiaud bit and 40 On- W gine we duk pr wen parity aed a panty fot +o | vw the total we of ons io Aha postions vt ches ts odd ond fo 0 ip the total no on id een. bx m= 1010 ke miter] AP = Pry ale ueitl Cat Bat ws Po o> = UboHy 3 DA > Urar] ly\ °° 3 S Pps Fe ** * a 0 0 0 06 PR pz my) PR m2 mZ OH oO oO { ; ° ieeae ones ! o 3 pic C1, 3.3.4) = 100) ; A 0 2 par La, a.bs t= .1LO=0 ! ° ; 7 pas (4.5,6,3)= 0101 oma + bleck cade (> Convolution weds — aot @ @® Reed-Solomon Coe : -k Operafia en ro hit aysmols. x Baed on fark that wery 0 degree polynonial is uni grely detormacd ntl pointe * Imagine that we hwe too afr ponte the xproeil a lw and we rend thore too date pom pls 2 chek gots choxen fo Vie 01 the Aame Cine. I} oro of +h pod atined io Grips, ve can still weeoven the dats pom by py 0 Line to athe reared pois. 3 of Hv pom vos) be on the Une % one powt se one in enor. By prdng Mua line we hare conceded the onoy : ue how Remity - Rasuhy chek Crop) tach oudpd bY 4 foomed foro only 0 frakion of fhe taped bibs. , whe foK flame zk, lox vormplely . IF jut never arouve abel 3. nthe data Gnk layer on 1% exentally Hones oud, Not hawinc wena on ACK, HH amumas that data frame war lost o¢% damaged und reds Hee pram toakainng parce I agar sie duplicate frame aloo anne, Mmiut at—datalink lay 00 B and ty unvoltingly pamed te Mehoovie ' uit w rending file te, park of File voll be clupbekd Th Mus words, He protoel will pel chearly, vohsd uw narded 16 rome way for the rewder to be able to distmgunh a frame thal Mot seesng fo the 4% ent fom xthanmusion , he cbvow way te achioe thin iy to hyve he rend pid ox Acapvens ng 30 We Meso, of cath tame WW aends. +~~ wetter an Cer AME Meeren me of, ocd oonnivin own whe ame 7D Ae ye we me fame os o dupliate to be doo ee | CUED Semply to discord all subsrequencd porns, ay pencbag nO ecknordlectgerments fou the cbacorled pares . ae hs abs atcayy worponds te wcetive vornclovo of rige | x In he voords, the dotalink layer wpe Fo uuupl any fome, ceuph the rect one Hh must Grae to neboork layor, Ip rhe rendass voindovo filly up bepow the tmmen eum ouf, the pipeline will beg to enphy Srentrally. the rence, will came out and rhanmit ah unairowldged pismo ord, arog vith damaged ov Wot one. *(amien Sere Mulbplo feces Protoeol_ 605m \—Pewiteudd_esma |) * when a Arabon har data te rend, 4 F Channel to ser Th anyone eye franamating ot thal Morey A lp the need wo tdle, the nradten aends ih cater x okbamwoue, ifthe dhanne| bury» the Atahion just vai wads) || VA betes idle, tun Hw Ataton rammity « pame | ~~ 1b O pollanon occum, 4he statron wait o veandorn arn dh Hee ond ranks ol over again. kK he protocol w called (penitent by dhe atedion fransm woh a probability of \ whan A frch the channel tle * Lb eo wrahons beome ready 10 Hue woddle of 34 stabonl i cbarnnision, both will vail pobtely unl the banmivion endy and then beth vill lope Frangwathing exally Aimebly | omy, xaulag re a vollis too y} * 4 Ay were not Ao impetiont , rune would be ferrer olbirions a thn method hor the haghet dane of wlldion because -hoo ov move Bako may frd chonnd to be idle at the rome, ee and tranmit ther farmer. \" beplain CSM and csma[ CD 1 ax fuser bo the | Non Pewtiterd come * she channel is dhready i© wre, the Aration cre» netcoutnualle ert iA for the punporc of Ae izing 4 iemedredelyy upon ag / doleding He end of previous rarmminion, * Imtead, W wat a xandom period of me and the recpaks the algorithro + Comeqnenly, thin algorthrs leeds to betes channel wdligahon bud lenges, days than peste Csma Pe persutent COMA, # yshen a ration beter ready -do rend, |W senaey the channel! wih ‘ow idle, “ trommits vith a prolahi tity _z oD CUO , ey ae wan o ye el : Oepe unB\ the ssc abot ey thak Niet » abro wle, Hho Gamma o capers eit probabs tbe P and |. he pron wv peal ae uae the prove hor beer tpammitted oF ancthin atedtion hoy begun bramwith “4 cst wrt _wllisien diction (csmal cn) ae Remote and vonpenwtert Csmt potowls won defivitely on? over ALO AR loecamne eis Habla © prakon begins te toamnct wile the Und w bow x soawe > atehums Acme the chaane! fo be idle ard begn bonne thing wienulkantourly, Very Aigaal sill abil collrale a frotho lonprovernund % yx she rations to quidely didecd The ealluion and abupiy top brannmad thag a hs stow | iw Enovon a csmn [co Abe, Alehon hod nends its data on channel, dae channel even ahr dats hamsminion | the slateo abow its tammiseo arrows) of me 5 ends i clatle ape dejected, the doanswithag Aredia wvcleane a jar aagead. Bro gna oars alun sro, takers ant not duppored te trananalt jonmeliately afte He wilaton ho ocuwed. x Contention paved v loastcally the anvoud of time fev velech a Haxt should kup on barsmithing cefe 0 that if thew wo wlluren anyvohr in he cnannel, She dq nal xrould «ath He Seune Host & tn esmAlcd> toro YO Acne + Ih tollirron Aoteted 5 and woats foo 4 wanclom + Ds Avon OD a wllaion wContender ko Shot \ N\ —_ t)000 Wi WR] TS bse) Lawn Vi Fanamigion Cendedkdo Tale petal Potod S. leth oa Shoot pole an Agi loon x Piggthanksng is dhe fecluugque of delaying oulg ong arlnoistedgenunt and ablaching it to next dota pak eb, X ickem a data flame Genes, athe vecenen Waits and doy nev Aend the woittso] fame Carkiow ledg-menct ) bak Janet ely. she weer warts unl 1h Archoost layer meres ao she next date paket. Ack & amozicdked with Hy ordgomng data frame. thus Adis travels along with neal Gaia ame. shin Helmigne in wehich the oulgomng Atk - ae delayed dempororly seated ragybateng Host fy Uost B et A aends dota sf Host B Sends dati along. yin Buk ©} data weeeive by # Mest tr sends only Ack Cachan i+ no dafato vend)Y a th Wed 2 hay beth ack and data, volieh Ho wantly dy pend, then the dato frame will be rent wrth ack peld voluch woukum Ale Acquene "W ob se pome ow Atk, then V1 will Wart fo dame, then in he one. yn finds any dale pane, packs Ma Ack, othwnwire, ib ill Aerd trek frame Wy @ data frame . then # will lod A an rend a dala frame B yo’ A Lond only pont + PUY x ay Hot A ls with onl add He (ad Atk to vt. H vo an atk fe vowdaiwng no fick bi b. wehat ham ming distanw 9 Rad Ae wn hamming : duet pr the qhen bene cooling Ate, the number of bit portions in which hoo caderordly Lien w clad Hanning distene . dlooo00, olol)y = Clo =3 § (00000, JOjo1) = lolol =3 A Cooo0e, LrtiD = iitoOz4 dC oto, totoy= Woe 4 a4Coltoll, Wuoy= lOlol= 3 & Clolol, Wio= O10ll = 3 the dun in the core WS,| a Breih Ly explain slotted g, poe ALOouA AKOU A A Used fpr ground bared wach treadlcarhng * Te tha mollod, rtabom aha a wmmon channel sk wthia protocols — allows dlasdes to bransmit dada at any Hme, worthout a set schedule. shu w no coordin Lochoeen devad wher mubtiple deuces abeermpr to bam dott at Aamy dame, HE can veult i a wlliron. Ar collanon oMbumed vohin no Ack UW reetned, “kin ho care, dewee will rimply’ voait a sreundor> anwar | of hme, bepore alternpng to hanamit ogeun , we A 8 c D E wllsren ac collars G I pert BLOND, frames oo. Lramwatted ot complately arbi anny dimes,(ooo \ i PG ; 7 | tolbchss sa» LU colicler caw au end of | Iyee meat ob 1g ; Jane shaded A —— > the shacled | rane ' 1 Roane | | ! | \ \ i aS dort totat to43t Time ——s |< Nulnvable —l Bq? Vulnerable poued fos shaded frame he probability shed K faames are genvrated during 0 Gren Bre, in velach 6 Pama ane expected, w qren by Poo dastabidion At = ak end KI Slotled provi get. ME al wrod channel » oliickd tveto duvet Hm inkerwals called alote , ecuky intowal torenponoling Jo one fame, * Sencling of, Backes uw allowed only ad Nhe beginnung of time abe, ig the frame received nu cempully, Aho we Wed rend» * tp the Ack & pot reteved voithan @ hme-out an ACK. poued, Hue sendin curumes al fhe pane boy not weaned and webrarwmuts the frame tn nent time Alot. athe pase Howughpudt Cs) of a Sboted Arona clauned we geen ley 6s gx e4 ste max tbrorgfrp th oc at FI ity Se 4b = 0-368ewan 7 Aunraboo diab Stedko yy {Rane lt Freres >| 2 Time Gaon © Fram 34 Rare 2.2] > Tame. Staion 3 Fran 34} Ram 3.2 2 | Tne, Stadion 4 Femme A) Raw va es I Time, Sloli dst > Gloty. Sloty ado Lt ag: Voted Aloha S Whsoughp wd penfranee iow) | ° os so TS 0 3.0 & Catlempls per pated -tme)> ALOWA Systers ,