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Therefore, a DC motor, otherwise a DC generator, can be generally called a DC machine. Except in
small machines its value is usually less than 1. DC Generator. Whenever a conductor is moved within
a magnetic field in such a way that the conductor cuts across magnetic lines of flux, voltage is
generated in the conductor. The curve shown below gives the variation of no-load voltage with the
fixed field resistance and the variable speed of the armature. Father of Generator Michael Faraday
invented Generators which work on the principal of electromotive force. The commutator segments
are insulated from each other and the shaft. Electrical Generator was invented by Michael Faraday
more than 200 years ago. The armature resistance is 0.1 ohm. If the armature current is 200 A, the
terminal voltage will be A) 600 V B) 620 V C) 640 V D) 580 V 71. In a D.C. generator in order to
reduce sparking at brushes, the self-induced e.m.f. in the coil is neutralized by all of the following
except A) interpoles B) compensating winding C) dummy coils D) shifting of axis of brushes 72. By
superimposing ? 1 and ? 2, so we get the resulting flux ? 3 (See figure-3). Ea (V) 160 260 390 472
522 550 If (A) 1 2 4 6 8 10 Determine: i. You can check out our article on the AC generator to
understand its working principle, construction and more. The polarity of a D.C. generator can be
reversed by A) increasing field current B) reversing the field current C) reversing field current as
well as the direction of rotation D) any of these answers 112. A) Graphite brushes B) None of these
answers C) Metal graphite brushes D) Carbon brushes 93. Because of their reliability, ball-bearings
are frequently employed though for heavy duties, roller bearings are preferable. The direction of the
current depends on whether the wire is going up or where it’s going down and as a result for every
half a rotation. Supervisor: Dr. Maeve Duffy. Ciaran Feeney 4 th Electronic Engineering Student
FYP Progress Presentation. The energy conversion in a generator from mechanical energy to
electrical energy is based on the principle of the production of dynamically induced electromotive
force (e.m.f). Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, dynamically induced e.m.f is produced in it
according to Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction. This e.m.f causes a current to flow if the
conductor circuit is closed. Number of tappings for each equalizer ring is equal to A) number of
parallel paths B) number of poles C) number of pole pairs D) number of parallel paths 57. Now, The
alternating voltage which is generated in the loop is converted into direct voltage by a device called
the commutator. Yoke The magnetic frame or yoke serves double purpose: It provides mechanical
support for the poles and acts as a protecting cover for the entire machine. A) None of these answers
B) It depends upon the supply frequency C) It is independent of lamination thickness D) It can be
minimize by laminating the armature 52. A 220 V D.C. generator is run at full speed without any
excitation. In this position, the coil plane is horizontal i.e. parallel to the lines of flux. Back Pitch
(YB): The number of coil sides or slots spanned by the back end connections. These magnets are
located to fit in the region of the rotor. AC Generator works with Alternating Current which
produces Alternating Power whereas DC generator works with Direct current which gives out Direct
power. Which of the following D.C. generators will be in a position to build up without any residual
magnetism in the poles. Determine the critical speed for the given field resistance vi. So, for a given
number of poles and armature conductors, the wave winding gives more e.m.f. than the lap winding.
What is transistor in electronics What is rectifier in electronics What are the classification of
electronic materials. The voltage drop across the armature resistance, IaRa is 12 volts. i. Determine
graphically the no-load voltage ii.
So let us tell you that DC generator works on the basis of this Faraday’s law of electromagnetic
induction. How It Works. A wire coil is connected to split ring and rotated between two permanent
magnets. The approximate value of the critical resistance of the shunt circuit iii. When the armature is
rotated, some e.m.f. and hence some induced current is produced which is partly or fully passed
through the field coils thereby strengthening the residual pole flux. This causes the flux in the
machine to decrease; decreasing EA. Working Principle The coil sides AB and CD now represent by
A and B as shown in Fig.2.9. Imagine the coil to be rotating in clock-wise direction. The direction of
induced e.m.f. (or current) is given by Fleming’s right-hand rule. Unidirectional Current Generation
We find that the current which is obtained from a simple generator reverses its direction after every
half revolution. We need to bring power to the front-end There is a significant power drop in the
cables Limited space and material budget Low voltages required by modern electronics. The current
from the generator continuously changes its direction such a current is an alternating current or AC.
Due to the high flux density at pole tip B, saturation sets in. The machine is required to provide a
terminal voltage of 100 V at no load as well as at full load. (i.e. zero voltage regulation) by
cumulatively compounding the generator. Each commutator segments is connected to the armature
conductor by means of a copper lug or strip (or riser). In these type of machines field coils are
internally connected with the armature. Also around the core may be found a few turns of heavy
wire. It does turn on and off, but it never reverses polarity. Pertama, energi ditransfer melalui suatu
piranti elektronik (switch device) ke piranti penyimpan energi. In this position, the coil plane is
horizontal i.e. parallel to the lines of flux. It provides mechanical support for the poles and acts as a
protecting cover for the whole machine, and 2. A) Graphite brushes B) None of these answers C)
Metal graphite brushes D) Carbon brushes 93. In the armature of the DC machine, the current flow
direction will be alternating manner. This generator will build up the desired terminal voltage.
Generator Fuels Generators are powered by diesel, gasoline, propane and natural gas. The number of
segments is equal to the number of armature coils. The ends of the armature loop are connected to
rings called SLIP RINGS. This is done by spinning a armature through a magnetic field. The transfer
of the coil from one slot to another is usually made in a radial plane by means of a particular bend or
twist at the back end. The basic principle underlying construction and working of an actual generator
which consists of the following essential parts: 1. Ea (V) 160 260 390 472 522 550 If (A) 1 2 4 6 8
10 Term. Here, the current does not change the direction in the external circuit and is referred to as a
DC Generator.
Note that e.m.f. generated in the loop is alternating one which thus forms alternating voltage and if
the load is connected then alternating current will flow through the load. You induce an
electromagnetic current with the use of a magnet and a solenoid. So, for a given number of poles
and armature conductors, the wave winding gives more e.m.f. than the lap winding. Figure (C)
shows that a commutator has two segments namely C1 and C2 separated by a thin sheet of mica. The
polarity of a D.C. generator can be reversed by A) increasing field current B) reversing the field
current C) reversing field current as well as the direction of rotation D) any of these answers 112.
Hence, the direction of the current in every armature will be alternating. The spark can burn the
brushes and cause the commutator to overheat and carbonize. 7. Brushes The propose of brushes is
to ensure electrical connection between the rotating commutator and stationary external load circuit.
AC Generator works with Alternating Current which produces Alternating Power whereas DC
generator works with Direct current which gives out Direct power. When the generator is loaded,
current flowing through the armature conductors sets the flux ? 2. It is a combination of few series
and a few shunt windings. A) Insulation failure between two turns of a coil B) Option Insulation
failure between two commutator bars C) Two or more turns of the same coil getting grounded D) All
of these answers 2. The machine is required to provide a terminal voltage of 100 V at no load as well
as at full load. (i.e. zero voltage regulation) by cumulatively compounding the generator. In this
position, the coil plane is horizontal i.e. parallel to the lines of flux. What is the Relation between
torque and rotor power factor. Electrical Generator was invented by Michael Faraday more than 200
years ago. Series generators are rarely used except for special purposes, for example as boosters. So
there are two types of compound wound generators, they are — Short shunt Long shunt What is long
and short shunt. Which of the following components of a D.C. generator plays a vital role in
providing direct current of a D.C. generator? A) Dummy coils B) Equalizer rings C) Eye bolt D)
Commutator 75. In D.C. generators on no-load, the air gap flux distribution in space is A) pulsating
B) flat topped C) triangular D) sinusoidal 76. One end bell is left open or made with a cover that can
be removed to inspect the brushes. The phenomenon of armature reaction in a DC generator see the
figure below. Such convection is known as A) differential compounding B) long shunt C) cumulative
compounding D) short shunt 121. If the load changes frequently, it is not practical to change the
position of the brushes. The main factor which leads to unstable parallel operation of flat and over
compounded generators is A) unequal series field resistances B) unequal number of turns in their
series field windings C) unequal speed regulation of their prime movers D) their rising voltage
characteristics 42. Following D.C. generator will be in a position to build up without any residual
magnetism in the poles A) self-excited generator B) series generator C) compound generator D) shunt
generator 126. The ends of the armature loop are connected to rings called SLIP RINGS. By
superimposing ? 1 and ? 2, so we get the resulting flux ? 3 (See figure-3). Repeat (ii), assuming that
the effect of armature reaction at full load is equivalent to 0.05 field amperes iv. Determine the
critical resistance v. In Figure (D), the coil sides AB which is connected to segment C1 is under N-
pole and similarly, the coil sides CD which is connected to segment C2 is under S-pole. The open-
circuit voltage of a compound generator is 250 V. To reduce this loss, the armature core is built up of
thin laminations insulated from each other by a thin layer of varnish.
Some part of input power gets wasted in various forms. In a DC machine, the losses are broadly
classified into four types. No other external source is required for the purpose of emf generation. As
a result, of this, the generated voltage Ea increases. The classification of DC generator is shown as
follows:. Fig. 26.41. Equivalent Circuit of separately-excited generator. The field resistance of the
machine is adjusted to 354.5 ? and the speed is 300 rpm. Hence, two basic essential parts of an
electrical generator are: (a) A magnetic field, and (b) A conductor or conductors, which can so move
as to cut the flux. In a separately excited generator supplying rated load the armature reaction A) is
always present B) is always absent C) none of these answers D) may be sometimes present 50. One
winding is placed in series with the armature and the other is placed in parallel with the armature. A
load RL must be connected Graf:Magnetization curve, (Ea vs. If brushes of a D.C. generator are
moved in order to bring these brushes in magnetic neutral axis, there will be A) cross magnetization
as well as magnetization B) demagnetization only C) cross-magnetization as well as demagnetizing
D) cross magnetization only 78. This external source helps the generator in inducing emf in the
winding. Note that e.m.f. generated in the loop is alternating one which thus forms alternating
voltage and if the load is connected then alternating current will flow through the load. Five major
types of dc generators, classified according to the manner in which their field flux is produced. The
emf induced in the armature coil is proportional to the rate of change of flux linkage. Generator
Dealers Generator dealers are found all over in the UAE, Jebel Ali region of Dubai serves as a hub
for repairs and services of generators. Ea (V) 160 260 390 472 522 550 If (A) 1 2 4 6 8 10
Determine: i. Therefore, the essential components of a generator are: a magnetic field conductor or a
group of conductors motion of conductor w.r.t. magnetic field. What is the DC generator. To reduce
this loss, the armature core is built up of thin laminations insulated from each other by a thin layer of
varnish. The terminal potential different (terminal voltage) and load current for a load resistance RL
of 4. A) Series generators B) Compound generators C) Shunt generators D) None of these answers
137. The phenomenon of armature reaction in a DC generator see the figure below. In a shunt
generator, the field winding is connected in parallel with the armature winding so that terminal
voltage of the generator is applied across it. Such convection is known as A) differential
compounding B) long shunt C) cumulative compounding D) short shunt 121. According to Fleming’s
right-hand rule for finding the direction of induced e.m.f., when the middle finger points in the
direction of induced e.m.f., the forefinger will point in the direction of A) lines of force B) either
motion of conductor or lines of force C) motion of conductor D) none of these answers 41. The
demagnetizing component of armature reaction in a D.C. generator A) reduces generator e.m.f. B)
results in sparking trouble C) increases armature speed D) reduces interpoles flux density 94.
Referring to Fig-3, it is clear that flux density at the trailing pole tip (point B) is increase while at the
leading pole tip (point A), it is decrease. In many applications of dc generators, knowledge of the
variation of the terminal voltage with load current is essential. There are two types of simple drum
windings, and they are Simple lap winding Simple wave winding Let us understand about them in
detail. The curve becomes almost horizontal at the end when the magnetic circuit becomes fully
saturated. If the series field winding opposes the shunt field winding then it is a differential
compound generator.
The voltage is again zero at position 3, just as it was at position 1. Two generators A and B running
in parallel are supplying power to a common load of 500 kW. Our promise is that you will never have
to be inconvenienced as a result of a defective appliance. Supervisor: Dr. Maeve Duffy. Ciaran
Feeney 4 th Electronic Engineering Student FYP Progress Presentation. The ends of the coil are
connected through the split-ring to the brushes which lead to the external circuit. These losses occur
due to the resistance in the winding. Which one of the following types of generators does not need
equalizers for satisfactory parallel operation. In Figure (D), the coil sides AB which is connected to
segment C1 is under N-pole and similarly, the coil sides CD which is connected to segment C2 is
under S-pole. What are constant and variable losses The losses in a DC generator (or DC motor) can
be subdivided into constant losses variable losses Constant losses Those losses in a DC generator
which remain constant at all loads are known as constant losses. To attach a coil of wire and place it
inside a magnetic field as the coil starts rotating, the wire starts moving up and down inside the
magnetic field that produces the electric current these devices are called Electrical Generators.
Determine the critical speed for the given field resistance vi. Previous Fig. (a) can simply be drawn
as Fig. 2.10. While the coil moves from position 1 to position 2, the brushes remain in contact with
the split-ring segments and the current direction remains as indicated although the magnitude
decreases. Front End Connection: A wire that connects the end of a coil to a commutator segment.
Since it is connected in series with the armature circuit so that its magnotomotive force (mmf) is
proportional to the armature current. The armature winding of a DC machine is a closed-circuit
winding in which the conductors are connected in a symmetrical manner to form a closed loop or a
series of closed loops. 6. Commutator A commutator is a mechanical rectifier that converts the
alternating voltage generated in the armature winding to direct voltage across the brushes. Their
function to collect current induced in the coil and to convey it to the external load resistance R. The
Ayrton shunt or universal shunt eliminates the possibil. It consists of an armature and one or several
permanent magnets situated around the armature. Rotor of a dc machine Cutaway view of a dc
machine. Generators are generally classified according to their methods of field excitation.
Requirement of speed at which machine is driven is A) more critical in the case of D.C. generators B)
more critical in the case of alternators C) none of these answers D) equally critical in the case of
alternators as well as D.C. generators 4. Which one of the following generators is used for charging
the batteries. The characteristic of the DC generators explains the relations between the loads,
excitation and terminals voltage through the graph. AC Generator works with Alternating Current
which produces Alternating Power whereas DC generator works with Direct current which gives out
Direct power. The figure which depicts Long shunt and short shunt generators are shown below.
When commutation occurs, the coil passing through the commutation is short-circuited by the
brushes. There are stationary brushes connected to the load. The working principle of an electric
generator is based on the principle of the faradays law of electromagnetic induction, it states that
whenever a conductor is placed in a moving magnetic field, an e.m.f. is induced in a conductor
which will cause a current to flow in the conductor, provided the circuit has to be closed circuit. They
are connected in the same manner at the interpole windings but are located in axial slots of the field
shoes. In the generators without compensating windings, an increase in IAcauses an increase in the
armature reaction, and armature reaction causes flux weakening. This alternating current is made
unidirectional with the help of the Commutator.
The function of pole shoes in the case of the D.C. machine is A) to spread out the flux to achieve
uniform flux density B) to reduce the reluctance of the magnetic path C) to discharge all the above
functions D) to support the field coil 110. In D.C. generators, the brushes remain in contact with
conductors which A) lie in the inter-polar gaps B) lie under north pole C) lie under south pole D)
none of these answers 111. DC Generator. Whenever a conductor is moved within a magnetic field in
such a way that the conductor cuts across magnetic lines of flux, voltage is generated in the
conductor. At that point, the resistive drop is the predominant effect, and VT starts to fall. The yoke
is made of solid cast steel whereas the pole pieces are composed of stacked laminations. (ii)
Armature core The armature core is mounted to the machine shaft and rotates between the field
poles. Therefore, only a part of armature current flows through shunt field winding and the rest
flows through the load. A combination of these two types of generators can overcome the
disadvantages of both. These losses are categorized into two losses as Hysteresis loss and Eddy
current loss. Note that e.m.f. generated in the loop is alternating one which thus forms alternating
voltage and if the load is connected then alternating current will flow through the load. What are the
Condition for Synchronizing the Alternator to an Existing Three-Phase Power Line. Armature
reaction in generator results in A) magnetizing the center of all poles B) demagnetizing the center of
all poles C) demagnetization of leading pole tip and magnetization of trailing pole tip D)
demagnetization of trailing pole tip and magnetization of leading pole tip 86. In fact, when the
machine is being assembled, the workers usually do not know whether it is a DC generator or motor.
Characteristics of DC Generators. (i) Open Circuit Characteristic (O.C.C.), (ii) Internal or Total
Characteristic (iii) External Characteristic. Yoke The magnetic frame or yoke serves double purpose:
It provides mechanical support for the poles and acts as a protecting cover for the entire machine.
The AMOUNT of voltage generated depends on: the strength of the magnetic field. Segment B
leaves brush 2 and makes contact with brush 1. The laminations are individually coated with a thin
insulating film so that they do not come into electrical contact with each other. An armature wound
with a fractional pitch is called a chorded winding. The insulating material used between the
commutator segments is normally A) mica B) paper C) graphite D) insulating varnish 88. Generator
Dealers Generator dealers are found all over in the UAE, Jebel Ali region of Dubai serves as a hub
for repairs and services of generators. In either case, the residual flux produces an internal generated
voltage EA. The number of armature parallel paths in a two-pole D.C. generator having duplex lap
winding is A) 4 B) 6 C) 2 D) 8 48. So here we will discuss about the DC generator Construction,
Working principle, Types, EMF equation, Losses. The segments of commutator are insulated from
each other by thin layers of mica. At position 2, the voltage induced in the coil is at a maximum
because the conductors are moving at right angles to the lines of flux. The energy conversion in
generator is based on the principle of the production of dynamically induced emf. Whenever flux cut
by a conductor or a group of conductor an emf is induced according to Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction and due to this induced emf a current is flow through the circuit if the
whole circuit is closed. Now, for every half a rotation the current also reverses. If residual magnetism
is present in a D.C. generator, the induced e.m.f. at zero speed will be A) the same as rated voltage
B) high C) zero D) small 122. On the other hand if series field opposes the shunt field, the generator
is said to be differentially compounded. They support the exciting coils (or field coils) Interpole The
interpole and its winding are mounted on the yoke of the dynamo.
The pole core are bolted in the inner side of the yoke. A) Graphite brushes B) None of these answers
C) Metal graphite brushes D) Carbon brushes 93. DC GENERATORS. Fundamental of Electrical
Engineering. Magnetic force applied to electrons The electrons drift to one end. Several of the
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The switching regulator is a DC-DC converter that delivers power by using switcher components. In
a separately excited generator supplying rated load the armature reaction A) is always present B) is
always absent C) none of these answers D) may be sometimes present 50. In a compound generator
the shunt field is stronger than the series field. A DC machine consists of two main parts: Stationary
part: It designed mainly for producing magnetic flux. The field winding of the machine (even of
shunt or series wound machine) is separately excited to ensure smooth and independent flux control.
So, you could visit the link above to research. 1. Introduce CodeSmith generator - PLINQO. 2. 3. 4.
What is PLINQO for NHibernate. Both the quantities (E and l a ) being related with the armature,
the characteristic is named as internal characteristic. Therefore, the essential components of a
generator are: a magnetic field conductor or a group of conductors motion of conductor w.r.t.
magnetic field. What is the DC generator. If the series field winding opposes the shunt field winding
then it is a differential compound generator. Rotor of a dc machine Cutaway view of a dc machine.
These magnets are located to fit in the region of the rotor. Invalid email address You've successfully
subscribed. A sinusoidal voltage of 5 Hz is applied to the field of a shunt generator. The nature of
the current flowing in the armature of the DC machine is: ANSWER:- Alternating Current or AC. A)
Back pitch and front pitch are both odd and approximately equal to the pole pitch B) In a D.C.
generator, interpoles winding is connected in series with the armature winding C) Equalizing bus bars
are used with parallel running of D.C. shunt generators D) Compensating winding in a D.C. machine
helps in commutation 38. At this instant segment A leaves brush 1 and makes connect with brush 2.
In the case of a 4-pole D.C. generator provided with a two-layer lap winding with sixteen coils, the
pole pitch will be A) 32 B) 16 C) 8 D) 4 124. In a D.C. generator in case the resistance of the field
winding is increased, then the output voltage will A) remain unaffected B) increase C) fluctuate
heavily D) decrease 125. Hence, the graph between the induced emf and the field current is nothing
but the magnetization curve for the material of the field magnets. The commutator segments are
insulated from each other and the shaft. It carries the magnetic flux generated by the poles. An
armature wound with a fractional pitch is called a chorded winding. Armature Core, 8. Armature
Windings or Conductors, 9. A load RL must be connected Graf:Magnetization curve, (Ea vs. A DC
generator is an electrical machine whose main function is to convert mechanical energy into
electricity. As the pole flux strengthened, it will produce more armature emf, which cause further
increase of current through the field.