CREATING

CLASSROOM-
BASED
RESEARCH
THE EXTRA PIECE

In this activity, participants

assemble a tangram as a
square and then reassemble
the tangram incorporating
an additional piece they are
given.
The purpose of this activity is to get the
participants to think about the nature of
research, and also, to show the
importance of being an active participant
in the learning process. Participants have
been given the definition of research in the
past, but participants should realize that
research is dynamic, it is hands-on, and it
changes as our knowledge of the world
increases.
Assume that the pieces
Trial and error is an New information may
fit together – research is
essential ingredient to require the old theory to
a puzzle that we have not
research. be modified or discarded.
yet solved.

Our current information

may be incomplete and
therefore knowledge, Sometimes, we get lucky Collaboration may be
while durable, is always and find the right answer. helpful.
tentative and subject to
change.

Once we arrive at the

answer, it makes perfect,
elegant sense.
 INHIBITIONS
WORRIES
CHALLENGES
FEARS

THE
STINKING
FISH
Action and Basic
Research
in the
Department of
Education
What we hope to achieve

Differentiated Action and Basic Research in the context of

teaching-learning;

Discussed the different parts of Action Research; and

Appreciated the importance in completing the Action

Research based on the Basic Education Research Agenda
by familiarizing work plan timelines and cost estimates.
Republic Act 9155

enact policies and

mechanisms

quality of basic
education may be
continuously improved
 KITE Program

K to 12 Curriculum review

Improve the Learning Environment

Teachers’ upskilling and reskilling

Engagement of stakeholders for

support and collaboration
DepEd Memorandum
50, s. 2020
Professional
Development
Priorities for Teachers
and School Leaders
for SY 2020-2023
educational
researches
studies

timely and
necessary
reforms and
policy
development
 Institution of research and Department of
Education
its utilization in policy and Order No. 16.
program development Series of 2017

Systematic process for policy Department of

development where evidenced-based Education
policy formulation is both promoted Order No. 13.
and supported by research studies Series of 2015
 Made sure that Department of
Education Order No.
grants are available 24 series of 2010

Department of Education
Order No. 39 series of 2016
 What is Action Research
by definition of DepEd, it is a process of systematic and
reflective inquiry that aims to improve educational practices
or resolve problems in the classroom or in the school
(DepEd Order No. 16, s. 2017)

It is a process of uncovering solutions to classroom or

school problems through a series of methodical, logical, and
organized activities.
 What is Action Research
more than just merely solving classroom problems
 What is Basic Research
Also known as fundamental or pure research—refers to study
and research meant to increase our scientific knowledge base.
This type of research is often purely theoretical, with the
intent of increasing our understanding of certain
phenomena or behavior.
 Basic v. Action Research
Action Research
(Applied)
Seeks solutions to practical and
ongoing problems
Greatly considers the needs
and concerns of the stakeholders
Providing and taking “informed
action”
To improve the teaching and
learning process (work process)
Basic Research
(Theoretical)
Seeks solutions to theoretical problems
(i. e. expand theory/ knowledge)
Driven by the need to fill the gap in
previous studies (literature reviews)
Recommendations are provided for
further study
To arrive with models in explaining the
teaching and learning process
 Basic v. Action Research
Action Research
(Applied)
What are the screencasts to be
developed?
How did the grade 7 students from two
groups perform when videos are used?
What is the quality of screencasts when
quality assured by experts?
What are the experiences of
students on the use of screencasts?
Basic Research
(Theoretical)
What is the well-being of school personnel
during the pandemic?
What is the impact of event of the
pandemic among DepEd personnel?
What are the coping strategies of school
personnel during the pandemic?
CONTEXT and
RATIONALE
 Context and Rationale Defined
• “context” - is the general situation that relates to an
idea or event, and which helps it to be understood (Collins
English Dictionary)

• “rationale” - the justification for undertaking a given

study (Charlesworth, 2021)
 Context and Rationale
Research Management Guidelines, DepEd Order 16, s. 2017

• is a description of the area or focus of the research, the reason/s

why the topic is significant, and the specific objective/s or
purpose/s of the study.
• It also explains how the research had answered the problem or
issue that the investigator wanted to address.
• Any theory, related studies, DepEd policies, or laws that had
supported the hypothesis of the study about the intervention or
treatment are appropriate to mention in this part.
Chemistry, by its nature, is highly conceptual and demands the
bringing together of understandings of those concepts in a
meaningful way. It is for that reason that Chemistry is not an easy
task for students (Cook, Kennedy, & McGuire, 2018). Most learning
difficulties are due to the particular perspective of Chemistry that in
many ways oppose spontaneous and everyday views of learners.
One specific topic that students find it difficult to understand is the
topic of the periodic table of elements. Their major drawback is
learning the periodic table by memorizing, as they see it
uninteresting. The development towards the increasing use of
games for teaching has significant implications for understanding
difficult concepts. Games have been demonstrated to be highly
effective educational tools in many science fields. In this study, the
researcher introduced new board game called “ChemSaga” that
relates to concepts on the history of the periodic table, position of
elements, and trends in the periodic table of elements
Guide Questions in Drafting the Context
1. What is the specific problem your study aims to
solve?
2. Which thematic area of the Basic Education
Research Agenda (BERA) is being addressed by
the study?
 4 Research Themes

3 Cross-Cutting Themes
 Guide Questions in Drafting the Context
1. What is the specific problem your study aims to solve?
2. Which thematic area of the Basic Education Research
Agenda (BERA) is being addressed by the study?
3. What are the signs and symptoms of the problem?
4. Who are the persons/groups affected by this problem?
5. What is the degree and/or intensity up to which this problem
affect the people involved?
Guide Questions in Drafting the Context
6. When did the problem start happening?
7. Where is the problem observable?
8. Why is the classroom/school situation is
considered worthy of investigation and
intervention?
9. How will solving this problem relates to the
achievement of DepEd’s Intermediate
Outcomes?
DepEd Order 24, s.2022

priorities of DepEd in terms of addressing the immediate and long-term challenges confronting basic education
Guide Questions in Drafting the Context
10. Why is the research problem considered current?
Which Priority Topic in the Regional & National
Research Agenda does it includes?
Which 21st Century Learning is it related to?
Which DepEd Advocacies within the last 5 years
does it relate to?
 Session: Proposed
Intervention/Innovation/ Strategy
(Action Research) and Related
Literature & Proper Citation (Basic
Research)
Action Research
Self‐reflective
It involves individuals
or practitioners
reflecting on their
own work
Hine, 2013
 Unexplored area in the
Gap - Driven field
A research question for
which missing or
insufficient information
limits the ability to reach
a conclusion
National Collaborating Center for
Methods and Tools in Canada
Action Research is
Action Oriented

Bilbao, 2021
 Match the
Problem with the
Action/Solution

Problem Solution/Action
 Types of Action

Innovation Intervention Strategy

 Innovation

Making changes that are best for students

the creation or redesign of learning materials,

processes, or framework for the benefit of learning
Department of Education
 Innovation
Considerations for development
Prior Art – Novelty - Patent
Quality Assurance
Acceptance and Usability standards
End – user behavior
Standards for Learning Resource Management –
Department of Education and ISO
 Intervention
focused teaching session, which is a deviation
away from existing teaching practice.
Hawthorne, 2021

Some interventions are targeted, and are put

in place to address a certain weakness.
Intervention
 Strategy
methods, techniques, procedures and processes
that a teacher uses during instruction to develop
new skills among learners
are multidimensional set of methods used to
help students learn the desired course
contents.
Strategy
Strategy
Strategy
Framing Research Questions
What is a research question?
“A research question is a
question that a study aims
to answer.”
What is the importance of a
research question?
It narrows down a broad
topic into a specific area of
study (Creswell, 2014).
What are other indicators that
we should consider in crafting
a research question?
 ACTION RESEARCH

1.General Statement of the Research Problem

-clear, concise, and reflective of the researcher’s
specific context.
-includes all elements; Proposed IIS (1 each)
 ACTION RESEARCH

2. Ensured that the Research Questions Correspond with

the Research Title (10)
* The IIS and all target performances/behaviors/outputs
mentioned in the title are reflected in the specific
research questions.
(Action) THE USE OF MULTILINGUAL DEMONSTRATION VIDEOS TO INCREASE THE
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND LEARNING ENGAGEMENT IN GRADE 7 CHEMISTRY (Abug, et
al., 2022)

1. What is the academic performance of Grade 7

learners before and after the introduction of multilingual
videos?
2. What is the level of learner engagement before and
after the introduction of multilingual videos?
3. Is there a difference in the academic performance of
the learners before and after the intervention?
4. Is there a difference in the level of learner
engagement before and after the intervention?
 ACTION RESEARCH
3. Added Enriching Research Questions
3.1 Questions About the Target Behavior/Performance/
Outcome Before, During, and After the Intervention (2)
3.2 Question/s About the Researchers and Participants’
Experiences Throughout the Intervention (2)
3.3 Question About the Post-Study Plans (1)
(Action)
1. What are the microlecture videos to be developed?
2. How did the grade 7 students from two groups perform
when microlecture videos are used?
3. What is the quality of microlecture videos when quality
assured by experts both in content and video
development using the Evaluation and Review for
development of new Nonprint materials?
4. What are the experiences of grade 7 students on the
use of microlecture videos?
5. What are the strategies to employ for sustainability
and improvement of the microlecture videos?
(Action)
What is the readability of the reading material?

What is the performance of the G7 learners before,

during, and after the intervention?

What insights and perceptions can be drawn from the

learners using the mini-comic book?

What strategies are to be done to sustain and improve

the mini-comic book?
 ACTION RESEARCH

4. Included the Quintessential Action Research Question

(5)
*Asked the question: “How can the [intervention] be
used in [desired effect] [target performance/
behavior/outcome] of [participants]?”
(A) “How can the [intervention] be used in
[desired effect] [target
performance/behavior/outcome] of
[participants]?”

How can the mini-comic book be used in

improving the academic performance of Grade
7 learners?
 ACTION RESEARCH

5. With Logical Progression of Questions and Minimal

Grammatical Errors (4)
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
QUESTION
Hulley et al. (2007)

F – Feasible
I – Interesting
N – Novel
E – Ethical
R – Relevant
 KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER
✓A research question should be clear, concise, and
reflective of the researcher’s specific context and
includes the following elements: Primary Purpose,
Research Setting, Learning Area/Research Focus,
Participants, and Proposed IIS (for action research).
 KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER
✓All of the variables/constructs and their
components that were mentioned in the title must
be completely reflected in the research
questions.
 KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER

✓Enriching Research Questions are added in both

basic and action research.
✓Quintessential questions are included in action
research.
Work Plan
Timelines
Cost
Estimates
Scope and
Limitation of
Allocation
Supplies and
materials;
Domestic travel
expenses
Communication
expenses
Reproduction, printing,
and binding costs
Food and other
incurred expenses
during the conduct of
research (surveys,
FGDs)
Other expenses related to
the conduct of research are
not listed in the non-eligible
expenditures:

Expenses related to
research dissemination
Equipment
Software
Salary, overtime pay
or honorarium for
resource persons,
statisticians, and other
service providers
Utilities & Office rental
All overseas travel and
all items not included
in the approved
research proposal