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G-SOSC004 COM21 2nd Sem ( 2023-2024 )

Midterm Summative Assessment

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Question 1
Social contract orientation is a feature of stage 3.

Response: False

Question 2
Karen doesn't steal from the department store because she would be horrified if her friends thought she was a thief.
She is in the _____ stage of moral development.

Response: third

Question 3
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of beauty.

Response: aesthetics

Question 4
Moral standards are correlated with different feelings and If anyone doesn't live up to the norm or standards, he will
feel guilty, bad, and wrong. The same is true when someone else does not live up to the expectations, norms, and
standards, others may feel disgusted at this person.

Response: True

Question 5
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature and scope of knowledge

Response: epistemology

Question 6
_____ is a philosopher's "toolbox

REFERENCE: What is philosophy (Crash Course) Youtube video.

Response: logic

Question 7
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of reality

Response: metaphysics

Question 8
Aristotle ethics focused mainly on the pursuit of the ‘good (life)’, the _____.

Response: eudaimonia

Question 9
How many levels are there in Kohlberg's theory?

Response: 3

Question 10
Moral standards are perceived to be what we want everyone to live up to these norms and feel resentful when
somebody doesn't live up to them. Moral standards are believed to be universal as it is applicable anywhere and
anytime. For instance, lying. Telling the truth is a universal standard. Hence, we should not lie.

Response: True

Question 11
Match the type of moral dilemma from its corresponding situations or cases.

Response: Situations wherein two or more moral requirements conflict with each other and that the moral agent
hardly knows which of the conflicting moral requirements takes precedence over the other. => Epistemic moral
dilemmas

Response: Situations wherein two or more moral requirements conflict with each other, yet neither of these
conflicting moral requirements overrides each other. => Ontological moral dilemmas

Response: Situation caused by the moral agent’s wrongdoings. => Self-imposed moral dilemma

Response: Situations in which more than one feasible action is obligator => Obligation dilemmas

Response: This involve cases in which all feasible actions are forbidden. => Prohibition dilemmas

Response: Situations that involve several persons like a family, an organization, or a community who is expected
to come up with consensual decision on a moral issue at hand. => Multiperson dilemmas

Question 12
The subject says, "Heinz was doing it for the right reasons. He loved his wife and wanted to take care of her. That
is the most important thing a husband can do."

Response: Stage 1

Question 13
In order to avoid time outs in preschool Julia does not steal other kids'snacks. She is in the _____ stage of moral
development.

Response: first

Question 14
A moral standard is one which a rational person would endorse violation of which entails guilt and anger. Similarly
it involves acts or subjects appropriate for phrase or blame. In contrast, non-moral standards do not necessarily
entail guilt and anger. Acts in violation of a standard of etiquette need not make one feel guilty or elicit anger from
others.

Response: True

Question 15
Dan plays nicely with his cousin Sara so that his parents will be proud of him. He is in the _____ stage of moral
development.
Response: third

Question 16
Moral standards are focused on subjective considerations. The basis of considerations and decisions must be
favorable only to a particular person or anyone who commits mistakes and wrongful acts then is punished
accordingly.

Response: False

Question 17
How many stages are there in Kohlberg's theory?

Response: 6

Question 18
Moral standards are not determined by authority figures. Moral values should always be upheld, even though they
are at odds with self-interest.

Response: True

Question 19
This branch of ethics means the methodological reflection upon morality tackling its critique and its rationale.
Norms and standards for acting and conduct are being set up or tore down, and argued for or against. When
“ethics” is talked about in a common sense then we are talking about this general normative ethics. When inquiry is
directed towards the principles of moral judgement or the criteria for the ethical analysis of morality, then we talk
about fundamental ethics.

Response: normative ethics

Question 20
The branch of philosophy that studies the and evaluates human conduct.

Response: ethics

Question 21
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of reality

Response: metaphysics

Question 22
This happens because good and evil are not apparent.

Response: dilemma

Question 23
Match each column. Five concepts in the structural moral dilemma.

Response: The conflict between the distribution of jobs and the organization of numerous activities generates a
classic dilemma. => Differentiation vs. Integration

Response: When the main tasks are not explicitly defined, the critical job will slip through gaps. In a similar
manner, functions and activities can overlap, causing conflict, wasting time, and unintended duplication of
responsibilities. => Gap vs Overlap

Response: When employees are not clear about what they are expected to do, they often adapt their tasks to
personal interests instead of system-wide goals that often lead to problems. => Lack of Clarity vs. Lack of
Creativity
Response: When individuals or groups are too independent, they are always isolated. On the other hand, if the units
and responsibilities are too closely connected, people are absentminded from work and waste time or excessive
coordination. => Excessive Autonomy vs. Excessive Interdependence

Question 24
Moral standards are not determined by authority figures. Moral values should always be upheld, even though they
are at odds with self-interest.

Response: True

Question 25
This branch of ethics aims at empirically and precisely mapping existing morality or moralities within communities
and is therefore linked to the social sciences. Another aim is to explain the development of existing moralities from
a historical perspective. No normative prescriptions are intended.

Response: descriptive ethics

Question 26
Moral standards are correlated with different feelings and If anyone doesn't live up to the norm or standards, he will
feel guilty, bad, and wrong. The same is true when someone else does not live up to the expectations, norms, and
standards, others may feel disgusted at this person.

Response: True

Question 27
Kohlberg used a method of observation based on asking the subjects to analyze the 'Heinz Dilemma.' In his study,
he was primarily interested in:

Response: how the subject reasoned his decision

Question 28
This happens because good and evil are not apparent.

Response: depression

Question 29
This branch of ethics aims at empirically and precisely mapping existing morality or moralities within communities
and is therefore linked to the social sciences. Another aim is to explain the development of existing moralities from
a historical perspective. No normative prescriptions are intended.

Response: descriptive ethics

Question 30
Moral standards are perceived to be what we want everyone to live up to these norms and feel resentful when
somebody doesn't live up to them. Moral standards are believed to be universal as it is applicable anywhere and
anytime. For instance, lying. Telling the truth is a universal standard. Hence, we should not lie.

Response: True

Question 31
As a level of moral dilemma, it refers to a situation that causes an organization to respond negatively or positively
to an ethical issue that affects staff, shareholders, and society, as well as corporate ethics and customers.

Response: organizational moral dilemma

Question 32
_____ is a philosopher's "toolbox

REFERENCE: What is philosophy (Crash Course) Youtube video.

Response: logic

Question 33
Kohlberg's results were called into question by Carol Gilligan because

Response: all of his subjects were male

Question 34
Danny shares his toys during playtime because he knows that teacher will give him a sticker. He is in the _____
stage of moral development.

Response: second

Question 35
According to Dr. Palma-Angele, a dilemma is a set of competing _____ and not of competing options.

Response: values

Question 36
The following are elements of/in ethical decision making, except;

Response: beliefs

Question 37
It pertains to a situation where individuals confront with a number of factors such as peer pressure, personal
financial position, an economic and social status which may influence all individual ethical standards.

Response: individual moral dilemma

Question 38
Social contract theory, as espoused by Locke and others, suggests that people agree to law as a way to keep order.
Which stage would that most closely reflect Locke's theory?

Response: Stage 5

Question 39
Moral standards do not entail serious harm or benefit. Examples of this are the following: theft, the murder of
innocent people, respect others, a feeding program for the poor, etc.

Response: False

Question 40
Match each column. Five concepts in the structural moral dilemma.

Response: The conflict between the distribution of jobs and the organization of numerous activities generates a
classic dilemma. => Differentiation vs. Integration

Response: When the main tasks are not explicitly defined, the critical job will slip through gaps. In a similar
manner, functions and activities can overlap, causing conflict, wasting time, and unintended duplication of
responsibilities. => Gap vs Overlap

Response: When employees are not clear about what they are expected to do, they often adapt their tasks to
personal interests instead of system-wide goals that often lead to problems. => Lack of Clarity vs. Lack of
Creativity

Response: When individuals or groups are too independent, they are always isolated. On the other hand, if the units
and responsibilities are too closely connected, people are absentminded from work and waste time or excessive
coordination. => Excessive Autonomy vs. Excessive Interdependence

Question 41
The following are elements of/in ethical decision making, except;

Response: beliefs

Question 42
Moral standards should be adopted over other values, including self-interest. Moral standards should always be
retained even if they are at stake with self-interest.

Response: True

Question 43
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature and scope of knowledge

Response: epistemology

Question 44
Aristotle ethics focused mainly on the pursuit of the ‘good (life)’, the _____.

Response: eudaimonia

Question 45
Moral standards do not entail serious harm or benefit. Examples of this are the following: theft, the murder of
innocent people, respect others, a feeding program for the poor, etc.

Response: False

Question 46
In this stage, children are good so that they can be seen as good to other people.

Response: conventional

Question 47
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature of beauty.

Response: aesthetics

Question 48
A moral standard is one which a rational person would endorse violation of which entails guilt and anger. Similarly
it involves acts or subjects appropriate for phrase or blame. In contrast, non-moral standards do not necessarily
entail guilt and anger. Acts in violation of a standard of etiquette need not make one feel guilty or elicit anger from
others.

Response: True

Question 49
The branch of philosophy that studies the and evaluates human conduct.

Response: ethics
Question 50
Ethical decision making is a ____________,

Response: reasoned process