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03 – Advanced Hardware
and mHealth
NCM 110 – Nursing Informatics
Objectives
1. Identify standards that provide the
FRAMEWORK for communication.
2. Identify Internet protocols.
3. Identify standards that provide the
FRAMEWORK for interoperability.
4. Describe the enabling technologies for
collaborative care.
5. List THREE hardware elements
advancing mHealth.
6. List TWO examples of the use of
collaborative tools.
Introduction
Healthcare computing technology DEPENDS
upon hardware—the SILICON, METAL, and
PLASTIC PORTION of the “hardware–
software–human” triangle.
“eHealth” – the PRACTICE and USE of
information and communication technology—
is SHAPED BY new hardware, and also helps to
drive increases in the sophistication of
mechanical devices and electronic systems.
Three Key Hardware Elements
(1) convenient physical device SIZE,
(2) ubiquitous wireless network ACCESS, and
(3) longer BATTERY LIFE.
Capabilities usually seen in:
• smartphones
• advanced tablets
• wearable/implantable/injectable devices
Hardware
There are THREE extant trends in computer
hardware advancement:
• EXTENSIVE communication
infrastructure such as electronic
networks and mobile
telecommunication systems and the
cloud to which the local mHealth devices
can be connected, and - fax (archive - past 5 yrs.)
• MULTIPLE powerful central
processing centers that enhance the
local mHealth devices.
Wireless Communication
The FOUNDATION of mobile computing and
mHealth is a mobile device’s ability to connect
with networks in MULTIPLE way.
Technology – is used to wirelessly
COMMUNICATE with a mobile device includes
mobile telecommunications technology, Wi-
Fi, Bluetooth, and RFID.
Mobile telecommunications technology
CONTINUES to evolve (Federal
Communications Commission, 2012).
Fifth-generation (5G) networks that provide
FASTER performance and more capabilities
are replacing fourth-generation (4G) and third-
generation (3G) networks.
Much like them, a 5G network supports ALL
Internet Protocol (IP) communication.
It uses new technology to transfer data at very
high bit rates, significantly IMPROVING both the
speed and volume of data transfer than was
possible with the previous network technology
(Nikolich, 2017).
The International Telecommunications Union-
Radio (ITU-R) communications sector SETS the
STANDARDS for International Mobile
Telecommunications-Advance d (IMT-
Advanced) technology.
Technologies that DO NOT fulfill 4G
requirements but represent the forerunners to
that level of service by providing wireless
broadband access include Worldwide
Interoperability for Microwave Access (Mobile
WiMAX) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE), a
STANDARD for wireless communication of
high-speed data for mobile phones.
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Standards and Protocols
A protocol is a METHOD that allows
information to be shared on an information
channel.
The information is SEGMENTED into
information packets which are organized using
a method commonly known as Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet
Protocol (IP) or TCP/IP.
Drivers of Mobile Healthcare
The 2012 documentary Escape Fire: The Fight
to Rescue Healthcare is an urgent call to think
differently about HEALTHCARE.
Clinicians shifting FROM a focus on disease
management TO a focus on ending lifestyle
disease may leverage the USE of mobile
platforms.
Technology in Mobile Healthcare
Under the ACA, innovative technology is seen
as an integral component of an INTEGRATED,
ACCESSIBLE, OUTCOME-DRIVEN healthcare
system.
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Telehealth
BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) is one of the
latest trends in healthcare IT.
Future of mHealth Inside Healthcare Facilities
The nation’s healthcare model is on the
path toward CONSOLIDATED,
COORDINATED, VALUE-BASED care.
Information technology tools, mobile
applications, and clinical information
systems provide an EVOLVING platform for
the effective delivery of clinical services,
INCREASED operational excellence, and
cost containment
Considerations for mHealth Planning
The ROLE of cellular networks in video and
voice applications is EXPANDING RAPIDLY.
ADVANCES in 4G technologies are beginning
to provide the bandwidth necessary for video
conferencing and Video Remote Interpreting
(VRI).
Setting the Stage for mHealth Adoption
Smartphones and tablets offer a NEW
engagement model for patients, their family
members, and healthcare providers.
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Privacy and Security Professionalism

Security and privacy are essential to Because social media is so ubiquitous,
DEVELOPING trust between patients and healthcare professionals may face new
professionals that work with them in healthcare questions such as whether or not it is
organizations using computer systems. APPROPRIATE to “friend” a patient.

The mobile environment necessitated by

mHealth and its data present a greater Privacy
challenge to security and data integrity
because these data are LOCALLY created and There have been several widely reported
locally accessible. incidents of healthcare professionals POSTING
DATA related to patients on social media sites.
mHealth must comply with ALL Health
Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Even if the patient’s name is NOT REVEALED,
(HIPAA) mandates, Food and Drug releasing data that is not completely de-
Administration (FDA) regulations, Office of Civil identified violates the HIPAA Privacy
Rights (OCR) enforcements, and requirements Standards.
from other governing agencies.
WHO owns health-related data posted to a social
media site? Is ownership relevant?
Legal and Policy
State and national policy and regulations
have NOT kept pace with the rate of
technology innovation.