Title: Navigating the Complexity of Literature Reviews on Oral Malodor

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on literature reviews concerning oral malodor. Delving into the
realm of scientific research and academic discourse can be a daunting task, especially when
attempting to compile a literature review on a nuanced topic like oral malodor. However, fear not, for
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Crafting a literature review requires meticulous attention to detail, extensive research, and a profound
understanding of the subject matter. With oral malodor, also known as bad breath, being a
multifaceted issue influenced by various factors such as oral hygiene, diet, and systemic conditions,
conducting a thorough review of existing literature is essential to gaining insights and understanding
the complexities involved.

The process of conducting a literature review involves scouring numerous academic databases,
journals, and publications to identify relevant studies, theories, and findings related to oral malodor.
It requires synthesizing information from diverse sources, critically analyzing the methodologies and
conclusions of each study, and identifying gaps or areas for further exploration.

One of the challenges encountered in writing a literature review on oral malodor is the vast array of
research available, ranging from clinical studies and experimental research to theoretical frameworks
and epidemiological surveys. Sorting through this wealth of information and determining its
relevance and reliability can be overwhelming, particularly for individuals unfamiliar with the
intricacies of oral health research.

Furthermore, interpreting and synthesizing conflicting findings or contrasting viewpoints within the
literature can present additional hurdles. Divergent methodologies, sample populations, and
measurement techniques employed across studies can contribute to discrepancies in results and
conclusions, requiring careful consideration and analysis to reconcile.

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In this chapter, these various approaches to the prevention and treatment of oral malodor are
summarized. Naturally derived compounds can be sub-classified into natural botanical extracts (e.g.,
actinidine, hinokitiol, eucalyptus-extract, green tea, magnolia bark extract, and pericarp extract of
garcinia mangostana L), salivary components (lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase), and probiotic
bacteria ( Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus reuteri, Weissella cibaria, and Streptococcus
salivarius ). Munoz-Martin Medicine 2019 TLDR Mouthwashes are an acceptable alternative for the
treatment of halitosis, especially those that contain chlorhexidine as the main active principle.
Nevertheless, there are several reports related to the use of probiotics to ameliorate oral malodor.
Kang et al. isolated three peroxide-generating lactobacilli, identified as W. Mouth cleaning,
including the teeth, gingiva, and tongue, was performed three times per day for 4 weeks.
Precancerous lesions of oral cavity Precancerous lesions of oral cavity Routine laboratory
investigations Routine laboratory investigations Jc 1. Our Authors and Editors We are a community
of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including
Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Breath malodor has important
socioeconomic consequences and can reveal. Short-term side effects of 0.2% alcohol-free
chlorhexidine mouthrinse used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a double-blind
clinical study. Therefore, the long-term effects of agents on oral malodor, as well as their safety and
side effects, should be evaluated in randomized controlled trials. The lesion, which is limited to the
enamel, does not require a restoration, except in the cases of fracture after deepening and cavities
present. The organoleptic scores and concentrations of H 2 S and CH 3 SH were reduced in patients
without periodontitis after 2 weeks of treatment, and the organoleptic scores and bleeding on
probing were decreased in patients with periodontitis after 4 weeks. Respirtory stimulants.pdf
Respirtory stimulants.pdf Bursitis is inflammation or irritation of a bursa sac. However, long-term
use of some antiseptic agents such as CHX might result in complications such as staining of teeth
and the development of microbial resistance. Wylleman Feie Vuylsteke C. Dekeyser W. Teughels M.
Quirynen I. Laleman Medicine Journal of breath research 2020 TLDR There is currently insufficient
evidence that alternative therapies are of added value in the treatment of halitosis, and no clear
evidence was found to support a certain alternative anti-halitosis therapy. Furthermore, most studies
evaluated the short-term effects of products on oral malodor, either immediately or only a few weeks
after taking the products. Myths- attempt to answer basic questions about the world and are
considered truthful by their originators. The efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse compared
with 0.2% on plaque accumulation and periodontal parameters: a systematic review. Low salivary
flow and volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air. Combined effect of zinc ions and cationinc
anitibacterial agents on intraoral volatile sulphur compounds (VSC). Wilhelm Medicine Journal of
breath research 2010 TLDR The newly developed mouthrinse product significantly reduces oral
malodour in patients with increased values both in OR and in VSC, and there was also a trend
towards fewer side effects caused by the ASF product compared to the products containing CHX.
The effect of chewing gum containing two strains of probiotic lactobacilli ( L. Lactobacillus
salivarius WB21-containing tablets for the treatment of oral malodor: a double-blind, randomized,
placebo-controlled crossover trial. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Gingival Index
(GI) were used to assess periodontal health. No specific diseases or pathological conditions that
could cause halitosis are found. Halitophobia is characterized by a patient’s persistent belief that he
or she has halitosis, despite reassurance, treatment, and counseling. Toothbrushing versus
toothbrushing plus tongue cleaning in reducing halitosis and tongue coating: a systematic review and
meta-analysis. Professional cleaning and treatment of oral diseases are performed in patients with
oral pathological halitosis (TN-2), and treatment and control of the systemic causative disease by a
physician or medical specialist is provided for patients with extra-oral pathological halitosis (TN-3).
To determine the level of oral hygiene, a Greene-Vermilion Oral Hygiene Index (OHIs) was used. It
has antibacterial activity against several periodontopathic bacteria including P.
Inhibitory effect of green tea catechins on cysteine proteinases in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Expand
View on PubMed sunstarfoundation.org Save to Library Save Create Alert Alert Cite Share 72
Citations Highly Influential Citations 2 Background Citations 21 Methods Citations 1 Results
Citations 2 View All Figures and Tables from this paper figure 1 table 2 table 3 72 Citations Citation
Type Has PDF Author More Filters More Filters Filters Sort by Relevance Sort by Most Influenced
Papers Sort by Citation Count Sort by Recency Treatment of oral malodour. To date our community
has made over 100 million downloads. Inhibitory effects of macrocarpals on the biological activity of
Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathic bacteria. Probiotics have been used
traditionally to treat diseases related to the gastrointestinal tract. Writing classes. We have been using
predefined classes Classes developed by SUN From the Java standard class library Used for the
particular functionality they provided Example of predefined classes: String class defined in
java.lang package. In many cases, these active ingredients have been used in mouthwashes and
dentifrices, both individually and in combinations. Content Alerts Brief introduction to this section
that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective How it Works Manage
preferences Contact Want to get in touch. Examples of chemical agents include chlorhexidine,
cetylpyridinium chloride, zinc chloride, triclosan, stannous fluoride, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine
dioxide, and sodium fluoride. Therefore, the long-term effects of agents on oral malodor, as well as
their safety and side effects, should be evaluated in randomized controlled trials. Organoleptic test
(OLT) scores, levels of H 2 S and CH 3 SH, the frequency of bleeding on probing, mean probing
pocket depths, and plaque indices were improved significantly in the group treated using the
hinokitiol-containing gel. TN-5: referral to clinical psychologist, psychiatrist or other psychology.
Halitosis generally arises as a result of the bacterial decomposition of food particles, cells. The US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) named triclosan in the National Toxicology Program (NTP)
for toxicological evaluation. Tablets containing a cysteine protease, actinidine, reduce oral malodor:
a crossover study. VSC levels and tongue-coating ratios decreased significantly on the first day in
both the test and placebo groups immediately after taking a tablet. A double-blind, randomized,
placebo-controlled clinical trial using oils containing L. Method: A questionnaire survey and clinical
examination that included tongue coating and oral malodour status were conducted on 665 senior
high school students in Saitama, Japan. Gururam MDS What's hot ( 20 ) clinical features of
gingivitis clinical features of gingivitis Gingival inflammation and features Gingival inflammation
and features Frenum attachment and it's management. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered
research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. However, few studies have
demonstrated effectiveness of new products against oral malodor clinically. Continuous loads shall
not exceed 80% of the rating of the Branch circuit. Used to determine the proteolytic activity of
certain oral anaerobes that contribute to oral. Direct effect of chlorine dioxide, zinc chloride and
chlorhexidine solution on the gaseous volatile sulfur compounds. Multicomponent spectroscopic
investigations of salivary antioxidant consumption by an oral rinse preparation containing the stable
free radical species chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ). Precancerous lesions of oral cavity Precancerous
lesions of oral cavity Routine laboratory investigations Routine laboratory investigations Jc 1.
Further professional instruction, education, and reassurance are necessary for patients with pseudo-
halitosis (TN-4). The human oral cavity contains more than 500 bacterial species that interact both
with each other and host tissues, suggesting that various bacteria might play roles in malodor
production. It can be pleasant, unpleasant or even disturbing, if not repulsive. The formation of
hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria.
However the predictive value improves and becomes more significant at popu. Effects of oil drops
containing Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 on periodontal health and oral microbiota producing
volatile sulfur compounds. The class declaration creates a data type and names the members of the
class It does not allocate memory for any variables of that type. Combined effect of zinc ions and
cationinc anitibacterial agents on intraoral volatile sulphur compounds (VSC). Many patients with
halitophobia have slight bad breath at their first visit to a dental clinic. Lancet 1997;350:187. 6.
Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Naito T, Iwamoto T, Hirofuji T. In contrast, only OLT scores improved
significantly in the control group treated using 0.01% CPC-containing control gel. Intra-and
interspecies signaling between Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus pyogenes mediated by
SalA and SalA1 lantibiotic peptides. Breath malodor has important socioeconomic consequences and
can reveal. VSC levels and tongue-coating ratios decreased significantly on the first day in both the
test and placebo groups immediately after taking a tablet. Probiotics have been used traditionally to
treat diseases related to the gastrointestinal tract. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet
faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Agenda:: Where on one
column string with the use of like operator. Sci Rep 2012;2:215. 21. Kuo YW, Yen M, Fetzer S, Lee
JD. However, few studies have demonstrated effectiveness of new products against oral malodor
clinically. Association between caries prevalence and various salivary parameters is weak and
inadequate to accurately identify caries risk at an individual level. No specific diseases or
pathological conditions that could cause halitosis are found. Quantitative analysis of the bacteria in
saliva found significantly lower levels of ubiquitous bacteria and F. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-
powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. The researchers
hypothesized that the probiotic gum might have affected bacteria that produce malodorous
compounds other than VSCs. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs
of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. The human oral cavity contains more
than 500 bacterial species that interact both with each other and host tissues, suggesting that various
bacteria might play roles in malodor production. Probiotic effects of orally administered
Lactobacillus salivarius WB21-containing tablets on periodontopathic bacteria: a double-blinded,
placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. However, data are conflicting regarding the potential of
L. The resulting p-levels for the two explanatory variables are less than 0.05, indicating that the
variable dmft is also dependent on the OHIs and age factors. Edited by Mandeep Virdi Emerging
Trends in Oral Health Sciences and Dentistry. Expand 84 PDF Save Clinical effects of a new
mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc-lactate on oral halitosis.
Antimicrobial activity of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on bacteria involved in oral malodour. TN-5:
referral to clinical psychologist, psychiatrist or other psychology. In Japan, based on these reports, the
concentration of CHX used near a wound is limited to 0.05%, which is lower than its effective
concentration.
Client code still needs to declare class variables. However, long-term use of some antiseptic agents
such as CHX might result in complications such as staining of teeth and the development of
microbial resistance. Diversity of bacterial populations on the tongue dorsa of patients with halitosis
and healthy patients. The use of mouthwash containing pericarp extracts of G. Inhibition of
cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by gamma-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in
mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells. The study populations were healthy volunteers, and the study
design included two intervention periods of 2 weeks with a 3-week washout period. Considered
variant of monosymptomatic hypochondrial psychosis. ISRN Prev Med 2012;2013:975148. 48.
Nakatani K, Nakahata N, Arakawa T, Yasuda H, Ohizumi Y. Continuous Load. A load where the
maximum current is expected to continue for 3 hours or more. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-
controlled clinical trial using oils containing L. The median CH 3 SH concentration in the test group
was below the olfactory threshold between 10 min and 2 h, whereas the level in the placebo group
was above the threshold throughout the experimental period. 3.3. Probiotic bacteria The use of
probiotics as preventative and therapeutic products for oral healthcare is a novel antimicrobial
approach that has been proposed as an alternative to chemotherapeutics. The prevention and
treatment of oral malodor involve primarily the removal of any causative clinical conditions,
predominantly via oral hygiene instructions and the treatment of oral diseases. Respirtory
stimulants.pdf Respirtory stimulants.pdf Bursitis is inflammation or irritation of a bursa sac.
Halitosis generally arises as a result of the bacterial decomposition of food particles, cells. The class
declaration creates a data type and names the members of the class It does not allocate memory for
any variables of that type. Recently, the use of such probiotics to improve oral health has attracted
increasing attention, although this field is still in its infancy. Compared with the values at baseline,
the concentrations of total VSCs decreased significantly in the probiotic period but not in the
placebo period, and significant differences were observed between the two periods. Mouth cleaning,
including the teeth, gingiva, and tongue, was performed three times per day for 4 weeks. Lancet
1997;350:187. 6. Suzuki N, Yoneda M, Naito T, Iwamoto T, Hirofuji T. Compared with tooth decay
and periodontal disease, there are a diverse number of causes of halitosis. SqlServerSchool.com. S S
S. Data Introduction. Seven Different People in the House. Kawaguchi Medicine Trials 2015 TLDR
The results of this study could contribute to the formulation of appropriate preventive strategies
against oral malodor not only for the general public but also for dental professionals serving as Oral
malodor-related service providers. IBP: Cost strategy, KSF changed, Constraints on options. Expand
229 Save Reduction of oral malodor by oxidizing lozenges. R. B. Greenstein S. Goldberg S. Marku-
Cohen N. Sterer M. Rosenberg Medicine Journal of periodontology 1997 TLDR Self-estimations of
whole mouth and tongue malodor by volunteers were significantly correlated with corresponding-
judge assessments, suggesting some degree of objectivity in assessing one's own oral malodor.
Tablets containing a cysteine protease, actinidine, reduce oral malodor: a crossover study. The US
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) named triclosan in the National Toxicology Program (NTP)
for toxicological evaluation. Probiotic effects of orally administered Lactobacillus salivarius WB21-
containing tablets on periodontopathic bacteria: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized
clinical trial. Inhibition of orally produced volatile sulfur compounds by zinc, chlorhexidine or
cetylpyridinium chloride--effect of concentration. Probiotic supplements ( Lactobacillus reuteri DSM
17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) do not affect regrowth of mutans streptococci after full-mouth
disinfection with chlorhexidine: a randomized controlled multicenter trial. It exerts inhibitory
activities against oral malodor-related oral bacteria, such as Atopobium parvulum, Eubacterium sulci,
and S.
The short term effects of non surgical periodontal therapy on IL-6 and CRP le. Effects of a
composition containing lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase on oral malodor and salivary bacteria: a
randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The organoleptic scores were
decreased significantly in both the probiotic and placebo periods compared with the baseline scores,
and there was no difference between periods. Furthermore, most studies evaluated the short-term
effects of products on oral malodor, either immediately or only a few weeks after taking the
products. A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral
malodour parameters. Inhibitory effect of green tea catechins on cysteine proteinases in
Porphyromonas gingivalis. Halitosis generally arises as a result of the bacterial decomposition of
food particles, cells. There was no significant reduction in tongue-coating ratios in either group after
7 days of use. 3.2. Salivary components Saliva contains a variety of antimicrobial proteins including
lactoferrin, peroxidase, lysozyme, and secretory immunoglobulin A. Report Back from San Antonio
Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS) 2023: Spotlight. Hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in tongue
biofilm and their relationship with oral malodour. However, the products used for preventing and
treating oral malodor, including mouthwash, toothpaste, tablets, and lozenges, are generally used for
the long term. Early establishment of Streptococcus salivarius in the mouth of infants. In addition,
the group-time interactions revealed significant reductions in OLT scores, VSC levels, and tongue-
coating scores in both eucalyptus concentration groups compared with the placebo group. All
carious (d), missing (m) and filling teeth (f), are recorded. Introduction 2. Chemical agents 3.
Naturally derived compounds (Table 3) 4. TN-1: Explanation of halitosis for oral hygiene (support
and. Consumer antibacterial soaps: effective of just risky. Intra-and interspecies signaling between
Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus pyogenes mediated by SalA and SalA1 lantibiotic
peptides. Relationship between halitosis and psychologic status. Conclusion:With increasing OHIs,
the values of the dmft index also increase. Salivary parameters were assessed and caries index
recorded for each. In vitro antimicrobial and anticancer potential of hinokitiol against oral pathogens
and oral cancer cell lines. The active ingredients used for controlling oral malodor can be separated
into chemical agents and naturally derived compounds. Quantitative analysis of the bacteria in saliva
found significantly lower levels of ubiquitous bacteria and F. Most genuine halitosis occurs in the
oral cavity, and is known as oral-derived malodor. The people who give you their food give you their
heart.” - Cesar Chavez. Idiom. It’s not my cup of tea. (I don’t enjoy it.). A proper diagnosis and
determination of the etiology allow initiation of the proper etiologic treatment. Inhibitory effect of
Weissella cibaria isolates on the production of volatile sulphur compounds. Negative correlation was
found between pH and caries index but this was not statistically significant. Tablets containing a
cysteine protease, actinidine, reduce oral malodor: a crossover study.
The prevention and treatment of oral malodor involve primarily the removal of any causative clinical
conditions, predominantly via oral hygiene instructions and the treatment of oral diseases. Preventive
measures rather than curative aspects are. Compared with the values at baseline, the concentrations
of total VSCs decreased significantly in the probiotic period but not in the placebo period, and
significant differences were observed between the two periods. The resulting p-levels for the two
explanatory variables are less than 0.05, indicating that the variable dmft is also dependent on the
OHIs and age factors. The human oral cavity contains more than 500 bacterial species that interact
both with each other and host tissues, suggesting that various bacteria might play roles in malodor
production. Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic
bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 by straws or tablets. Probiotics have been used
traditionally to treat diseases related to the gastrointestinal tract. We performed an open-label pilot
study previously to evaluate whether oral administration of a tablet containing L. Treatment needs
(TN) and practical remedies for halitosis. Inhibition of orally produced volatile sulfur compounds by
zinc, chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride--effect of concentration. Negative correlation was
found between pH and caries index but this was not statistically significant. Expand 38 Save
Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis. Z. Fedorowicz Hamad Aljufairi M. Report Back from San
Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS) 2023: Spotlight. The organoleptic scores and
concentrations of H 2 S and CH 3 SH were reduced in patients without periodontitis after 2 weeks
of treatment, and the organoleptic scores and bleeding on probing were decreased in patients with
periodontitis after 4 weeks. The treatment strategy for oral-derived malodor is the acquisition of a
normal microbiota, as well as reducing the numbers of bacteria. OLT, organoleptic test; VSCs,
volatile sulfur compounds; GC, gas chromatography; H 2 S, hydrogen sulfide; CH 3 SH, methyl
mercaptan. Further professional instruction, education, and reassurance are necessary for patients
with pseudo-halitosis (TN-4). Tanaka M et al used these electronic noses to clinically assess oral.
Nader Navabi Zahra Afshari Homa Kamyabi Mohammad Mohammadi Medicine International
journal of dental hygiene 2023 TLDR Overall, essential oils mouthwash has the best performance
among these three mouthwashes; however, it appeared that essential oils has the minimum and
Chlorhexidine has the maximum side effects. In vitro antimicrobial and anticancer potential of
hinokitiol against oral pathogens and oral cancer cell lines. It was described as a clinical entity by
HOWE (1874). Recently, the use of such probiotics to improve oral health has attracted increasing
attention, although this field is still in its infancy. Effect of mouth cleaning with hinokitiol-containing
gel on oral malodor: a randomized, open-label pilot study. TN-1: Explanation of halitosis for oral
hygiene (support and. Intra-and extra-oral halitosis: finding of a new form of extra-oral blood-borne
halitosis caused by dimethyl sulphide. Antifungal mechanism of hinokitiol against Candida albicans.
Considered variant of monosymptomatic hypochondrial psychosis. Halitosis is foul or offensive odor
emanating from the oral cavity. The subjects are instructed to smell the odor emanating from their
entire mouth by cupping. Inhibitory effects of green tea polyphenols on growth and cellular
adherence of an oral bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Agenda:: Where on one column string with the use of like operator. Expand 229 Save Reduction of
oral malodor by oxidizing lozenges. R. B. Greenstein S. Goldberg S. Marku-Cohen N. Sterer M.
Rosenberg Medicine Journal of periodontology 1997 TLDR Self-estimations of whole mouth and
tongue malodor by volunteers were significantly correlated with corresponding-judge assessments,
suggesting some degree of objectivity in assessing one's own oral malodor. Wylleman Feie Vuylsteke
C. Dekeyser W. Teughels M. Quirynen I. Laleman Medicine Journal of breath research 2020 TLDR
There is currently insufficient evidence that alternative therapies are of added value in the treatment
of halitosis, and no clear evidence was found to support a certain alternative anti-halitosis therapy.
The efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse compared with 0.2% on plaque accumulation and
periodontal parameters: a systematic review. Organoleptic test (OLT) scores, levels of H 2 S and CH
3 SH, the frequency of bleeding on probing, mean probing pocket depths, and plaque indices were
improved significantly in the group treated using the hinokitiol-containing gel. Anaphylactoid shock
caused by chlorhexidine gluconate. In addition, many products such as mouthwash, dentifrice, gel,
gum, oil, tablets, and lozenges can play supporting roles in controlling oral malodor. Significant
positive correlation was found between buffering capacity, levels of salivary S. Involves having the
subject expectorate approx. 1-2 ml of saliva into a. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin
E2 synthesis by gamma-mangostin, a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells.
Tablets containing a cysteine protease, actinidine, reduce oral malodor: a crossover study. Semantic
Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for
AI. However, the presence of a mental condition together with bad breath has been suggested in
these individuals. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial using oils containing
L. The resulting p-levels for the two explanatory variables are less than 0.05, indicating that the
variable dmft is also dependent on the OHIs and age factors. Malodorous components caused by
some metabolic disorders and drugs circulate in the bloodstream and are exhaled in the breath after
alveolar gas exchange. Inhibitory effect of green tea catechins on cysteine proteinases in
Porphyromonas gingivalis. Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 on halitosis and oral
health: an open-label pilot trial. Preventive measures rather than curative aspects are. A reduction in
salivary flow might inhibit antimicrobial defense systems in saliva. In contrast, only OLT scores
improved significantly in the control group treated using 0.01% CPC-containing control gel.
Halitosis generally arises as a result of the bacterial decomposition of food particles, cells. Halitosis is
also termed as fetor ex ore or fetor oris. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Negative correlation was found between
pH and caries index but this was not statistically significant. For the latter, ear-nose-throat,
gastrointestinal, respiratory, and systemic diseases may contribute to oral malodor. Expand 88 Save
Comparative effects of various commercially available mouthrinse formulations on oral malodor. S.
Saad John Greenman H. The study was carried out in the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Varna, 2015-
2016, with the permission of the University's Scientific Ethics Committee, with informed consent
from each parent. Bursitis is inflammation or irritation of a bursa sac. OLT, organoleptic test; VSCs,
volatile sulfur compounds; GC, gas chromatography; H 2 S, hydrogen sulfide; CH 3 SH, methyl
mercaptan.