Title: Mastering the Art of Literature Review on Food Labelling

Embarking on a literature review journey is akin to navigating through an intricate maze of scholarly
articles, research papers, and academic journals. When it comes to the specialized field of food
labelling, the challenge intensifies, requiring a meticulous approach and an in-depth understanding of
the subject matter.

Why is writing a literature review on food labelling so challenging? Firstly, it demands a

comprehensive grasp of the multifaceted aspects of food labelling, encompassing nutritional
information, regulatory frameworks, consumer behavior, and industry practices. Secondly, the
abundance of literature on this topic can be overwhelming, making it difficult to discern relevant and
credible sources from the plethora of information available.

Crafting a compelling literature review requires more than just summarizing existing studies. It entails
synthesizing diverse perspectives, critically analyzing findings, and identifying gaps in research.
Moreover, adhering to academic conventions and citation styles adds another layer of complexity to
the process.

For scholars, researchers, and students grappling with the intricacies of writing a literature review on
food labelling, ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔ offers a beacon of guidance and support. Our team of
experienced writers specializes in crafting meticulously researched and impeccably written literature
reviews tailored to your specific requirements.

By entrusting your literature review to ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔, you can rest assured that you'll receive a
comprehensive analysis of the latest research and developments in the field of food labelling. Our
writers possess the expertise and dedication to deliver high-quality content that meets the rigorous
standards of academic excellence.

Say goodbye to the frustration and anxiety of tackling a literature review on your own. Instead,
empower yourself with the expertise and assistance of ⇒ StudyHub.vip ⇔. Order your literature
review today and embark on a journey towards academic success and scholarly recognition.
One of these studies observed that 62.6% of shoppers looked at the front of food packages while
shopping. TL color-coding has been tested in combination with %GDA information, in combination
with text indicating high, medium, and low levels of nutrients, and simply with the amount in grams
of a nutrient per serving. In contrast, a few experts believe that a few food manufacturers (e.g., those
with products with low amounts of negative nutrients) would prefer the TL labeling scheme over the
GDA FOP labels because it would make their products look more favorable. Shelf Labeling ?
Reported Use and Likely Purchase Two shelf-labeling studies found that many consumers are likely
to purchase products marked as healthy or nutritious. Since 2002, FSANZ has required the nutrition
information panel (NIP) to be displayed on food products, but consumer research indicates that
consumers do not understand how to use the NIP to make healthy choices (Gorton, 2007). For
instance, several of the experts we talked with indicated that retailers and producers are interested in
developing their own supermarket-specific FOP labeling systems, because this could help them brand
their chain as a place to purchase nutritious products and increase sales and build customer loyalty.
Both Sainsbury's and Tesco reported increased sales of healthier products after they introduced each
of their own FOP labeling schemes in their stores. In terms of consumption: One study reported that
consumers' consumption of fat decreased as a result of awareness of the Keyhole symbol, although
this result was not true for less-educated consumers. One challenge is that the means are often based
on Likert-type rating scales. In order to understand the numeric value of each item, you should know.
Customers also value transparency, convenient mobile apps, and on-time delivery. Frances Mayes
entered a wondrous new world when she began restoring an abandoned. Understanding: When
tested, shoppers were more likely to give correct response for the TL, text, %GDA label (70%), and
the TL-text label (71%) compared with the other schemes (e.g., for %GDA alone the percentage
correct was 57%). Older Consumers Three studies indicated that older respondents have more
difficulty interpreting the GDA or National Heart Foundation Tick labels compared with younger
respondents. To name some, writers such as James Joyce, Kazuo Ishiguro, Virginia Woolf, Salman.
The purpose of Food imagery in the bible was, firstly to inform about the production and. NuVal is a
nutrition scoring system displayed on shelf tags indicating a product's nutrition rating on a scale of 1
to 100; the higher the NuVal nutrition rating, the more nutritious the product. What is the effect of
FOP nutrition labels on influencing consumers to purchase or consume products. Participants divided
into 12 groups and each group shown two-dimensional mock food packages with one labeling
scheme for two sets of food products. The Choices logo can be found on a variety of brands in many
supermarket chains, worksite cafeterias, and other food service locations across the Netherlands, but,
more specifically, on the following 10 food categories: vegetables and fruits, sources of
carbohydrates, sources of protein (e.g., meat, fish, eggs, meat substitutes), dairy products, oil and
fats, ready-to-eat meals, soups, sauces, snacks, and beverages. A second study found a 0.5
percentage point increase in sales of starred foods after 1 year and a 1.4 percentage point increase in
sales of starred foods after 2 years (see Figure 5-7 ) (Sutherland et al., 2010). Figure 5-7. Percentage
Change in Sales of Starred Foods After the Introduction of Guiding Stars in Hannaford's
Supermarkets Adapted from: Sutherland, L. Keyhole symbol f Summary (binary) This green
keyhole-shaped icon is either present or absent on food products. Alcune certificazioni sono accettate
per l’ottenimento di visti e permessi d’immigrazione. Overall conclusions: Strongest FOP formats
combine text (high, medium, low), TL colors, and %GDA information. Although it is apparent that
most food manufacturers use and, therefore, support a GDA FOP labeling scheme, some members of
the food industry are not opposed to a TL labeling scheme, and other food industry members favor
an FOP labeling scheme based on a nutrient profiling system, like NuVal. Two marketing studies and
the experts interviewed suggested that introducing an FOP labeling system may convey a
competitive advantage. Results often indicated that older adults, less-educated consumers, and
consumers with higher BMI have a preference for FOP labels that contain graphic elements or color-
coding, such as the National Heart Foundation Tick logo and the TL label. The indicators should
provide policy makers and the community with the information necessary to discuss and decide on
goals, benchmarks, policies, and programs. The initial focus of the system will be on local production,
exports, imports, and local consumption, by weight and income and disaggregated by food type and
county when possible. An important gap in the research is limited information about the effects of
other contextual information, such as nutritional claims provided by food manufacturers on the fronts
of packages. Jones and Richardson (2007) did not compare consumers' understanding using a TL
versus a GDA or %DI but instead tested the standard EU nutrition label versus the EU nutrition label
with a TL to find that the TL reduced the errors in perceived healthiness ratings.
Durata, frequenza, livello e obiettivi sono concordati in base alle esigenze di ogni studente. Color-
coding was seen as an ideal method to convey information quickly, but text indicating high, medium,
and low within the TLs was also important for quick decisions (Synovate, 2005b). Additionally, Dr.
Katz believes that without a standard, uniform FOP labeling scheme, consumers might become
confused by different schemes or formats or too much or too little information on the label. This
section reviews studies on consumers' purchase behavior and food consumption as a result of
nutrition FOP labels and shelf tags. Articles not retrieved for review discussed related but not
directly relevant topics such as organic versus nonorganic food package labeling, country-of-origin
labeling, and restaurant nutrition labeling. Studies in Europe and Australia suggest that less-educated
consumers and older consumers do a better job of identifying healthy food choices when presented
with simpler labels (e.g., TL) rather than more complex formats (such as %GDA). Similarly, the sales
of products that earned Hannaford's Guiding Stars showed a modest increase over 2 years
(Sutherland et al., 2010). Effects on sales may be modest, but they may build over time. Regarding
specific labeling schemes liked by consumers, consumers say they prefer nutrient-specific labels that
indicate levels of nutrients using TL color-coding such as TL symbols or colored GDAs (e.g.,
%GDA label with TL colors) as opposed to monochrome GDA schemes or check-mark symbols.
Notably, Dr. Jaap Seidell in the Netherlands observed that low-income consumers consider price
first, then convenience, taste, and finally healthfulness of a product. Four studies also suggested that
schemes incorporating TL colors are easier to understand among consumers who were older or of
lower socioeconomic status. Reply Delete Replies Reply Unknown May 2, 2017 at 5:01 AM any
idea what the font is used for the table. Testament spreads God?s idea of the ideal of Egypt and that
the one who curses honey. Based on randomized trials in catering institutions and supermarkets, Dr.
Seidell found FOP labels did not have a large effect on consumer choices but found pricing and
product placement in conjunction with FOP labels had a larger effect on consumer choices. This in-
turn evokes an avalanche of memories and feelings. The potential for new models like home-cooked
meals and drone delivery was also discussed. Task 2: One vs. two logos Processing time: Faster
response with monochromatic vs. Identification of Issues 3.1 The Public Health Perspective 3.2 The
Consumer Perspective 3.3 The Producer and Retailer Perspective 3.4 The International Experience
3.4.1 Sweden 3.4.2 United Kingdom 3.4.3 The Netherlands 3.4.4 Australia and New Zealand 4. One
study indicated that consumer preferences for specific FOP labeling schemes may be influenced by
the complexity of the task: the more complex the task (e.g., the more products' nutrition information
being compared) the more likely consumers prefer simple labels (e.g., labels incorporating graphic
elements like TL colors), as opposed to labels incorporating detailed numeric information. It should
be noted that one UK study found a higher level of reported use of FOP labels compared with
observed use of FOP nutrition information. Consistency of label format: There were no significant
differences in selecting the healthier product where there were different style labels rather than a
consistent product system. Dr. Hoek added that using color is more important than how the colors are
displayed or formatted in an FOP labeling scheme. Overall, multiple TLs and colored GDA
performed strongest. TL Self-administered survey to determine consumers' preferences for different
nutrient profile labeling and determinants affecting preferences. Jones and Richardson (2007) did not
compare consumers' understanding using a TL versus a GDA or %DI but instead tested the standard
EU nutrition label versus the EU nutrition label with a TL to find that the TL reduced the errors in
perceived healthiness ratings. However, consumers with higher education, but not those with lower
education, consumed more sodium when packages were labeled with the TL label and colored
%GDA conditions. In comparisons across individual food categories, consumers who saw the TL
were significantly more accurate in identifying the healthier foods than those who saw only the Heart
Foundation Tick for six of the nine nutrients (66.7%), significantly worse for one food (11.1%), and
there was no difference for two other foods. These categories include treats, staple foods, products
used in small portions or ingredients when cooking (e.g., butter), healthy foods, and habitual
purchases (Malam et al., 2009). A UK study found that consumers would like to see FOP labels on
many foods. Food labeling: Trans fatty acids in nutrition labeling, nutrient content claims, and health
claims. Federal Register, 68 (133), 41433 ? 41506. Panel of 1,611 consumers, aged 18 to 59 years,
78% female. Retailer B also surpassed competitors in healthier sales. 1.0 Sutherland et al., 2010 U.S.
Guiding Stars (3-tiered star icon shelf label) Analysis of grocery store purchase data (2006 ? 2008) at
1- and 2-year follow-up periods.
Additionally, Dr. Katz believes that without a standard, uniform FOP labeling scheme, consumers
might become confused by different schemes or formats or too much or too little information on the
label. In UK and Sweden, 3 retailers x 3 locations x 6 product categories. RTI International
conducted an environmental scan and literature review on consumer, producer, and retailer response
to FOP nutrition labeling and shelf labeling and interviews with key experts on these issues. The
performance section of the interview consisted of individual product evaluations and comparison of
two similar products. Criteria for Developing and Assessing FOP Systems What components are
most important to capture in a nutrient-specific FOP system. Shelf Labeling Effects on Purchases
and Consumption 5-10. Regarding understanding, subjects were presented with GDA and asked to
indicate healthier food. If consumers want more information, they still can rely on the NFP for more
specific information. Drs. Wills and Storcksdieck, however, do not believe that food manufacturers
would use a nutrient profiling system because they would not want any of their products rated
poorly. Other types of nutrient-specific systems are the GDA and the %DI schemes, which list
nutrients per portion and include the amount in grams and as a percentage of a person's GDA for
each nutrient. In Zealand two experimental studies were conducted to test the effect of two FOP
formats (e.g., %DI and TL) and three product claims (e.g., nutrition claim, health claim, and no
claim) on cereal products with better versus worse nutritional content. Examples of higher fibre
options are wholegrain products. ? If you eat or drink a large amount of sugar it will raise your blood
glucose more rapidly compared to starchier foods. Perceived ease of understanding: Text, TL,
%GDA were perceived easiest to understand for 44% of shoppers, 32% of shoppers preferred the
circular TL. According to an interview with Dr. Lisa Sutherland of Kellogg's, FOP labels are
traditionally part of a food manufacturer's marketing scheme, a way for food manufacturers to
differentiate and sell their products. Two studies found that consumers were more able to quickly
complete a task to identify healthier food choices when they were guided by color-coded or simple
food labels (Feunekes et al., 2008; Which?, 2006). Studies that asked consumers which type of FOP
labeling they most prefer found that consumers like FOP labels that incorporate TL color-coding
such as the TL, Wheel of Health, or colored GDA as opposed to summary formats such as the Heart
Foundation Tick or more numeric-based nutrient-specific formats such as the %DI or GDA
(Feunekes et al., 2008-Study 1; Malam et al., 2009; Synovate, 2005a; National Heart Foundation of
Australia, 2009; Which?, 2006). This study also reported that consumers with medium education
levels purchased more foods with the Choices logo than consumers with high and low education
levels ( p 0.01) (Vyth, Steenhuis, Roodenburg, et al., 2010). Shelf-Labeling Effects on Purchases
Four empirical studies indicated that shelf-labeling systems have positive effects on consumers' food
purchases. NA Use: Increase in use of GDA and TL, and decline in other labels after 2005. In
addition to the studies summarized in evidence tables in Section 5.2.2, Effects on Product
Introduction and Reformulation, we discuss two additional commentary articles. Subjects did not
consult the TL, health logo, colored GDA, or specific nutrition claims as frequently. One New
Zealand study allowed study participants to refer to the Nutrition Information Panel when viewing
products with TL and %DI FOP labels. In accordance with Glants and Toomre?s thought, food easily
has the potential to become. COI on behalf of the Food Standards Agency. Synovate. (2005b).
Qualitative signpost labelling refinement research: Report of findings. For Later 0% 0% found this
document useful, Mark this document as useful 0% 0% found this document not useful, Mark this
document as not useful Embed Share Print Download now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 16
Search inside document. For instance, if the serving size says one serving size is equal to 54 grams. In
addition, many of the studies we reviewed only reported differences between groups in terms of
statistical significance (rather than reporting both means and variances). This perhaps suggests that
FOP nutrition labels may guide closer reading of the Nutrition Facts Panel. Study Details Liking and
Preferences Older Consumers Older consumers like a tick logo and the TL scheme. Other studies
analyzed sales data to discover how these nutrition systems affect sales and to discover effects on
product reformulation and formulation that may or may not benefit producers and retailers. A few
experts also noted that younger adults understand food labels better than older adults, but older
consumers look at food labels more often. A study in the Netherlands found that consumers were
able to identify the healthier product about 8% faster when they saw a package with the healthy
choices symbol (e.g., binary check-mark symbol) compared with a GDA label.