Sistema operativo internetwork

Installing Cisco Routers

Routers collectively provide the main feature of the network layer—the capability to forward packets
end to end through a network. As introduced in Chapter 4, “Fundamentals of IPv4 Addressing and
Routing,” routers forward packets by connecting to various physical network links, like Ethernet, serial
links, and Frame Relay, and then using Layer 3 routing logic to choose where to forward each packet. As
a reminder, , “Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs,” covered the details of making those physical
connections to Ethernet networks, “Fundamentals of WANs,” covered the basics of cabling with WAN
links.

Cisco Integrated Services Routers

Product vendors, including Cisco, typically provide several different types of router hardware. Today,
routers often do much more work than simply routing packets—in fact, they serve as a device or
platform from which to provide many network services. Cisco even brands their enterprise routers not
just as routers, but as “integrated services routers,” emphasizing the multi-purpose nature of the
products

Physical Installation

Armed with the cabling details in figures like Figure 17-2, and the router hardware details

in figures like Figure 17-3, you can physically install a router. To install a router, follow

these steps:

Step 1. Connect any LAN cables to the LAN ports.

Step 2. If using an external CSU/DSU, connect the router’s serial interface to the

CSU/DSU and the CSU/DSU to the line from the telco.

Step 3. If using an internal CSU/DSU, connect the router’s serial interface to the line

from the telco.

Step 4. Connect the router’s console port to a PC (using a rollover cable), as needed, to

configure the router.

Step 5. Connect a power cable from a power outlet to the power port on the router.

Step 6. Power on the router.

Note that the steps for router installation match those for a switch, except that Cisco enterprise routers
typically have an on/off switch, while switches do not.

Installing Internet Access Routers

Routers play a key role in SOHO networks, connecting the LAN-attached end-user devices

to a high-speed Internet access service. However, most SOHO products go by the name

router, but happen to include many networking functions in a single device. Because of

that, when learning about networking, it can be difficult to appreciate the different functions the device
performs.

Accessing the Router CLI

Accessing a router’s command-line interface (CLI) works much like a switch. In fact, it

works so much like accessing a Cisco switch CLI that this book relies on Chapter 6, “Using

the Command-Line Interface,” instead of repeating the same details here. If the details from

Chapter 6 are not fresh in your memory, it might be worthwhile to spend a few minutes

briefly reviewing Chapter 6 as well as Chapter 9, “Configuring Switch Interfaces,” before

reading further.

Cisco switches and routers share many of the same CLI navigation features, and many of

the same configuration commands for management features. The following list mentions the

highlights:

■ User and Enable (privileged) mode

■ Entering and exiting configuration mode,

■ Configuration of console, Telnet (vty), and enable secret passwords

■ Configuration of Secure Shell (SSH) encryption keys and username/password login

credentials

■ Configuration of the hostname and interface description

■ Configuration of Ethernet interfaces that can negotiate speed using the speed and

duplex commands

■ Configuration of an interface to be administratively disabled ( shutdown) and administratively enabled

( no shutdown)
■ Navigation through different configuration mode contexts using commands like line

console 0 and interface type number

■ CLI help, command editing, and command recall features

■ The meaning and use of the startup-config (in NVRAM), running-config (in RAM), and

external servers (like TFTP), along

Router Interfaces

One minor difference between Cisco switches and routers is that routers support a much wider variety
of interfaces. Today, LAN switches support Ethernet LAN interfaces of various speeds. Routers support a
variety of other types of interfaces, including serial interfaces, cable TV, DSL, 3G/4G wireless, and others
not mentioned in this book.

Coloque en el archivo del resumen el uso de los siguientes comandos.

 Connect
 Disconnect
 Enable Para ingresar a modo usuario privilegiado.
 logout
 Ping{dirección .ip / nombre}
 Show cdp
 Show cdp interfaces [tipos numero] Muestra informaci´on sobre la temporizaci´on de
todas las interfaces
 Show cdp neighbors Muestra (en detalle) la informaci´on de los nodos vecinos
 Show clock Muestra fecha y hora del dispositivo
 Show history Muestra el historial de comandos
 Show hosts
 Show ip interface brief Muestra informaci´on de todas las interfaces en formato resumido.
 Show ip vip database
 Show ip router Muestra todas las rutas o una concreta
 Show sessiomes
 Show versión Muestra informaci´on sobre la versi´on del software Cisco IOS que
actualmente se est´a ejecutando en el router.
 Telnet [dirección _ip! Nombre]
 Terminal edi ting
 Tracerouter