Special Characteristics of Matter

1. Solid
a. Malleability- it is the ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking.
ex. Some metals such as steel exhibit malleability.

b. Ductility- it is the ability of matter to be formed or stretched into wires.

ex. Copper- used in making wires and cables.

c. Brittleness- it is the ability of solid to fracture or break into pieces easily.

ex. Glass
d. Hardness-it is the ability of matter to resist force.
ex. racks (marbles/granite) exhibit hardness.

e. Luster- it is the ability of solid to reflect light. Lustrous objects are shinning.
ex. Stone (diamonds/emeralds)

f. Solubility- it is the ability of solutes to dissolve in water or any liquid. Sometimes, a

solute can be a liquid or a gas.
ex. Liquid such as a water are considered as solvent.

g. Elasticity- it is the ability to be stretched and to return to its original length and form.
ex. rubber bond.
2. Liquid- the ability to flow in a substance or material is called fluidity.
ex. Water and other liquids flow, (but some liquids resist flow- viscosity)
Viscosity- when the liquids resist flow, these kinds of liquids are thick. (Glue, condensed milk)

Diffusion- it refers to the movement of particles in an area. It may occur in liquid, however,
gases diffuse faster because their particles farther apart from one another.

ex. when you drop a food colouring in a glass of water, eventually, the food colouring will
diffuse and the entire glass of water will be colour.

3. Gases- all gases can flow like liquids. most gases are colourless (hydrogen- flammable gas)

a. Compressibility- is the property of gas molecules to be placed in container.

b. Diffusibility- the ability of gases to spread out faster.

c. Low density- the ability of gases to easily rise.

d. Pressure- the ability of gases to move things.