SCHOOL OF LAW, NARSEE MONJEE INSTITUTE

OFMANAGEMENT STUDIES, BENGALURU

INTERNSHIP REPORT AND INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE

IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE MARKING SCHEME,

FOR THE YEAR V OF 2023-2024, WITH RESPECT TO INTERNSHIP ASSESSMENT

SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY: -

Prof. Viplav Baranwal Name-B. Parichaya Reddy

Date- 18/03/2024 Vth year.

Time - 10:00 Am Honours in Business Law

BBA, LL. B (Hons.)

SAP ID- 81021219018

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY OF WORK..............................................................................3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................................................................4

SUMMARY..............................................................................................................................................4

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................................4

LIST OF LAWS.......................................................................................................................................4

DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERNSHIP FIRM..................................................................................4

AN OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNSHIP WORK..............................................................................4

LEARNING AND SHARING OF EXPERIENCES OF EXPERIENCES FROM THE

INTERNSHIP...........................................................................................................................................4

SIGNIFICANT CASE STUDIES...........................................................................................................4

CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................19

ANNEXURE A.........................................................................................................................................4

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 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY OF WORK

I hereby attest that the contents of this internship report embody the culmination of my
individual efforts and original contributions during the period of my internship, conducted under
the guidance and supervision of Mr. M. Venkatesh from 1st May 2023 to 30th June 2023.

The execution of this work strictly adheres to established academic protocols and guidelines,
demonstrating a steadfast commitment to ethical practices throughout the research process.

It is imperative to emphasize that this report, in its entirety, has not been and will not be
submitted for consideration by any other student or to any alternative educational institution,
either partially or in full. This declaration underscores my dedication to upholding the principles
of academic integrity and ensuring the unique and exclusive nature of the work herein presented.

Signature by:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful completion of this internship stands as a testament to the generous opportunity
provided by chairperson of school of law, NMIMS Bengaluru Mrs. Tanmeet Sahiwal and I’m
grateful to Professor Viplav Baranwal sir, for clarifying doubts during report preparation and for
his continuous assistance. I consider myself exceptionally fortunate to have been under their
mentorship, not only acquiring knowledge, for which I am deeply thankful, but also gaining
practical exposure that has significantly enriched my overall understanding.

I extend my heartfelt gratitude to School of Law, NMIMS Bengaluru for allowing me to explore
the intricacies of the legal field and dedicating time to facilitate practical learning. Their
unwavering support and guidance have played an instrumental role in making this transformative
experience possible.

I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to my professors who have contributed to
my learning and growth during this internship. Their insights and support have been invaluable,
enhancing the depth of my professional development.

Furthermore, my deepest thanks go to my parents, whose constant support has been the bedrock
of my endeavors. Their encouragement has been an unending source of strength, propelling me
forward in my pursuit of becoming a successful lawyer. Their pivotal role in my journey goes
beyond what words can adequately express.

This internship serves as a significant milestone in my career aspirations. I am committed to not

only utilizing the acquired skills and knowledge to the best of my ability but also to continuous
improvement. I look forward to leveraging these experiences as I strive to achieve my desired
career objectives, with immense gratitude for the collective support that has shaped my
professional trajectory.

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 SUMMARY

Throughout the internship from May 1st, 2023, to June 30th, 2023., under the guidance of Mr.
M. Venkatesh, Advocate at Nizamabad District Court, who has expertise in various legal
domains like civil law, criminal law, evidence law, family law, property law, constitutional law,
and taxation law, I got the opportunity to gain extensive knowledge and experience.

From May 1st, 2023, to June 30th, 2023, my journey at Nizamabad District Court commenced
with an extensive exploration of various legal domains. In civil law, I meticulously researched
property disputes, contract breaches, and torts, gaining insights into the nuances of civil
litigation. Simultaneously, my immersion in criminal law involved studying the Indian Penal
Code and Criminal Procedure Code, understanding the intricacies of criminal proceedings, and
developing defense strategies. In Evidence Law, I delved into the Indian Evidence Act, analyzing
rules governing the admissibility and relevance of evidence in court proceedings. Furthermore,
my focus on family law led me to comprehend marriage, divorce, and guardianship matters,
navigating through the complexities of familial disputes. Additionally, my engagement with
property law involved in-depth research on land disputes, ownership rights, and transfer
regulations, enhancing my understanding of property-related legal issues. Exploring
constitutional law provided insights into fundamental rights and governmental actions under the
Indian Constitution, while taxation law studies shed light on income tax regulations and
liabilities. Each week, my experiences at Nizamabad District Court enriched my legal expertise
across diverse practice areas, contributing to a comprehensive skill set and a deeper
comprehension of legal intricacies.

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

 CPC: Code of Civil Procedure

 TPA: Transfer of Property Act
 SPA: Specific Relief Act
 IPC: Indian Penal Code
 CrPC: Code of Criminal Procedure
 IEA: Indian Evidence Act
 HMA: Hindu Marriage Act
 SMA: Special Marriage Act
 DVA: Domestic Violence Act
 TPA: Transfer of Property Act
 RDA: Registration Act
 CoI: Constitution of India
 FR: Fundamental Rights
 ITA: Income Tax Act
 GSTA: Goods and Services Tax Act
 DTAA: Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement

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 LIST OF LAWS

Serial No. Section No. Legislation

01 Section 12 Code of Civil Procedure (Bar to further suit)
02 Section 20 Code of Civil Procedure (Jurisdiction in respect of
suits for compensation for wrongs toperson or
movable property)
03 Section 225 Code of Criminal Procedure (Trial of Summons-
case by Magistrate of the second class)
04 Section 3 Indian Evidence Act (Interpretation clause)
05 Section 60 Indian Evidence Act (Oral evidence must be
direct)
06 Section 101 Indian Evidence Act (Burden of proof)
07 Section 5 Hindu Marriage Act (Conditions for a Hindu
Marriage)
08 Section 13 Hindu Marriage Act (Divorce)
09 Transfer of Property Act (Rights and liabilities of
Section 55
buyer and seller)
10 Section 10 Income Tax Act (Incomes not included in total
income)
11 Section 139 Income Tax Act (Return of income)

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 DESCRIPTION OF THE INTERNSHIP FIRM

M. Venkatesh, a distinguished advocate with his own Law Firm, Dealing with Litigation matters
in Nizamabad, is renowned for his unparalleled expertise across various domains of law. With a
rich and diverse experience, M. Venkatesh's practice caters to a discerning clientele seeking top-
notch legal services. His office in Nizamabad serves as a hub of legal excellence, providing
tailored solutions that transcend conventional boundaries.

Drawing upon years of experience and proficiency in district court proceedings, M. Venkatesh's
team adeptly navigates the complexities of civil, criminal, and family law matters and many
more. In criminal law, M. Venkatesh relies on provisions such as those governing trials of
summons cases, ensuring robust representation for clients facing criminal charges.

The office's proficiency in evidence law is exemplified through its interpretation of various
clauses, emphasizing the importance of direct oral evidence. Additionally, dealing with the
burden of proof serves as a linchpin in crafting compelling legal arguments.M. Venkatesh's
expertise extends to family law matters, adeptly handling the complexities surrounding Hindu
marriages and divorces.In property law matters, the office ensures transparent and equitable
transactions for clients. Furthermore, M. Venkatesh provides adept guidance in taxation matters
and the Consumer protection actensuring compliance and offering valuable insights.

Their key practice area includes Civil Litigation, Criminal Law, Family Law, Property Law,
Consumer Law, Labour and Employment Law, Revenue and Land Laws, Motor Accident
Claims, Matrimonial Disputes and Probate and Succession

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 AN OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNSHIP WORK

Week 1

May 1st, 2023, to May 7th, 2023

 Researched Section 12 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) regarding the bar to further
suit, understanding its implications on ongoing civil cases at the District Court.
 Assisted in drafting legal opinions on jurisdictional matters in civil cases, referring to
Section 20 of the CPC concerning suits for compensation for wrongs to persons or
movable property.
 Compiled a comprehensive index of case laws related to property disputes under civil
law, focusing on precedents applicable.
 Attended court proceedings to observe the application of procedural rules outlined in
Section 225 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) regarding the trial of summons
cases by a Magistrate of the second class.

Week 2

May 8th, 2023, to May 14th, 2023

 Conducted in-depth research on Section 3 of the Indian Evidence Act (IEA), focusing on
the interpretation clause and its relevance in determining admissibility of evidence in
court proceedings.
 Prepared case notes on Section 60 of the IEA, emphasizing the requirement for oral
evidence to be direct and its impact on witness testimonies in ongoing cases.
 Assisted in analyzing burden of proof issues in criminal cases, referring to Section 101 of
the IEA and its application in establishing guilt or innocence.
 Participated in client consultations related to matrimonial disputes, gaining insights into
the practical application of the Hindu Marriage Act (HMA) and its provisions on
conditions for a Hindu marriage as per Section 5.

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Week 3

May 15th, 2023, to May 21st, 2023

 Conducted research on Section 13 of the HMA, focusing on grounds for divorce and their
interpretation in recent judicial precedents.
 Attended court hearings to observe proceedings in divorce cases and understand the
application of legal principles under the HMA.
 Assisted in drafting legal opinions on property transactions, analyzing the rights and
liabilities of buyers and sellers as per Section 55 of the Transfer of Property Act (TPA).
 Compiled a comprehensive index of case laws related to income tax regulations, focusing
on sections such as Section 10 and Section 139 of the Income Tax Act (ITA) concerning
incomes not included in total income and return of income, respectively.

Week 4

May 22nd, 2023, to May 28th, 2023

 Researched recent amendments to the Constitution of India (CoI) regarding fundamental

rights, focusing on their implications on ongoing legal proceedings.
 Assisted in preparing legal arguments in constitutional law cases, emphasizing the
protection of fundamental rights under the CoI.
 Attended workshops on the Goods and Services Tax Act (GSTA), gaining insights into
recent developments and their impact on taxation matters handled by the firm.
 Participated in client consultations related to property disputes, providing legal advice on
compliance with registration requirements under the Registration Act (RDA) and
implications of non-compliance.

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Week 5

May 29th, 2023, to June 4th, 2023

 Conducted research on Section 64 of the Indian Evidence Act (IEA), exploring its
implications on the admissibility of electronic evidence in civil and criminal proceedings.
 Assisted in analyzing case law related to Section 41 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC)
concerning the arrest of persons without a warrant, understanding its application in recent
criminal cases.
 Participated in client consultations regarding domestic violence cases, gaining insights
into the practical application of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act
(DVA) and its provisions on obtaining protection orders and relief.

Week 6

June 5th, 2023, to June 11th, 2023

 Conducted research on recent amendments to the Transfer of Property Act (TPA),

focusing on changes in provisions related to lease agreements and the transfer of
immovable property, providing valuable insights into property law practice at the District
Court.
 Participated in client consultations regarding property disputes, providing legal advice on
strategies for resolving disputes related to ownership, possession, and title deeds under
the Transfer of Property Act (TPA) and the Specific Relief Act (SPA).

Week 7

June 12th, 2023, to June 18th, 2023

 Conducted comprehensive research on motor accident claims laws, focusing on relevant

statutes, case law, and procedural requirements for filing claims.
 Assisted in drafting pleadings and legal submissions for motor accident cases,
incorporating legal arguments based on negligence, liability, and compensation
principles.

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  Attended court hearings for motor accident cases to observe judicial proceedings and
advocate presentations, gaining practical exposure to litigation strategies in personal
injury law.
 Participated in client consultations for motor accident claims, providing legal advice on
claim assessment, settlement negotiations, and court procedures, enhancing client
communication and advisory skills.

Week 8

June 19th, 2023, to June 25th, 2023

 Conducted research on succession and probate laws, exploring statutory provisions and
procedural requirements for inheritance and estate administration.
 Assisted in drafting wills, probate applications, and succession planning documents for
clients, ensuring compliance with legal formalities and testamentary requirements.
 Compiled case summaries and legal precedents related to matrimonial disputes, including
divorce, maintenance, and child custody matters, enriching understanding of family law
litigation.
 Participated in client meetings for matrimonial disputes, providing legal advice on rights,
obligations, and dispute resolution options, demonstrating client advocacy and
representation skills.

Week 9

June 26th, 2023, to June 30, 2023

 Conducted research on Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act (NI Act),
exploring its provisions regarding dishonor of cheques and the legal remedies available to
aggrieved parties.
 Assisted in drafting legal notices for clients involved in cheque bounce cases, ensuring
compliance with procedural requirements and statutory timelines.

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  Attended court hearings for cases related to motor vehicle accidents, observing the
application of provisions under the Motor Vehicles Act (MVA) and assessing liability
and compensation issues.

LEARNING AND SHARING OF EXPERIENCES OF EXPERIENCES

FROM THE INTERNSHIP

i. Extensive Legal Research:

 Conducted in-depth research on various legal statutes including the Code of Civil
Procedure (CPC), Indian Evidence Act (IEA), Hindu Marriage Act (HMA), Transfer of
Property Act (TPA), and Income Tax Act (ITA).
 Explored recent amendments and interpretations of laws to understand their implications
on ongoing legal proceedings.

ii. Courtroom Observations:

 Attended court proceedings to observe the application of procedural rules and legal
arguments in civil, criminal, and family law cases.
 Gained practical exposure to litigation strategies, witness testimonies, and judicial
interpretations.

iii. Drafting Legal Documents:

 Assisted in drafting legal opinions, case notes, legal notices, pleadings, and other legal
documents.
 Ensured compliance with procedural requirements and statutory timelines in document
preparation.

iv. Client Consultations:

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  Participated in client meetings and consultations across various practice areas including
matrimonial disputes, property disputes, labor disputes, motor accident claims, and
cheque bounce cases.
 Provided legal advice, assessed client needs, and discussed potential legal strategies for
dispute resolution.

v. Specialized Legal Domains:

 Gained insights into diverse legal domains including civil law, criminal law, family law,
property law, taxation law, labor law, motor accident claims, and succession and probate
laws.
 Developed a comprehensive understanding of legal principles, precedents, and procedural
requirements in each domain.

vi. Application of Legal Principles:

 Analyzed burden of proof issues in criminal cases, jurisdictional matters in civil cases,
and grounds for divorce under family law.
 Applied legal principles to formulate defense strategies, argue cases, and provide legal
advice to clients.

vii. Understanding Judicial Proceedings:

 Learned about the functioning of district court proceedings, trial procedures, and the role
of legal professionals in advocating for clients.
 Observed courtroom etiquette, presentation styles, and advocacy techniques employed by
experienced lawyers.

viii. Compliance and Ethics:

 Explored legal ethics, professional conduct, and the importance of upholding client
confidentiality and trust.

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  Emphasized the significance of adhering to statutory regulations, procedural fairness, and
ethical standards in legal practice.

ix. Continuous Learning and Adaptability:

 Recognized the dynamic nature of legal practice and the importance of continuous
learning and adaptation to evolving legal frameworks and precedents.
 Developed problem-solving skills, critical thinking abilities, and effective communication
techniques essential for a successful legal career.

SIGNIFICANT CASE STUDIES

1. State of Punjab v. Dalbir Singh, SCC 507 (2012)

This case elucidates the burden of proof in criminal cases, emphasizing that the prosecution
bears the responsibility of proving a case beyond reasonable doubt and failure to meet these
standard warrants giving the benefit of doubt to the accused. This case overruled the
precedent set by Woolmington v. DPP (1935) AC 462, wherein the burden of proof was
initially on the accused to prove his innocence.

The main principle of this case is that in criminal cases, the burden of proof rests on the
prosecution, and if it fails to prove the case beyond reasonable doubt, the benefit of doubt
should be given to the accused. We applied these principles from this case while scrutinizing
burden of proof issues in criminal cases during the tenure of my internship.

2. Bhagwan Dass v. State of Delhi, SCC 396 (2011)

This case centers on Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code, addressing cruelty against
married women. It delineates the evidentiary requirements for establishing cruelty and the
section's scope. It provided clarity on the interpretation and application of Section 498A of
the IPC.

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 The main principle of this case is that in cases of cruelty against married women under
Section 498A IPC, the evidentiary requirements must be carefully scrutinized, and the scope
of the section must be understood in its entirety. We made reference to this case when
exploring the Indian Evidence Act, particularly its application in matrimonial disputes
concerning cruelty against married women.

3. Mohammed Salim v. State of Haryana, SCC 96, (2003)

The court underscores the significance of direct oral evidence as mandated by Section 60 of
the Indian Evidence Act. It stresses the weight carried by direct testimony over hearsay and
circumstantial evidence. This case reinforced the principle laid down in Lalita Kumari v.
State of UP (2013) 14 SCC 619, emphasizing the importance of direct oral evidence over
hearsay or circumstantial evidence.

The main principle of this case is that direct oral evidence holds greater weightage in court
proceedings compared to hearsay or circumstantial evidence, as mandated by Section 60 of
the Indian Evidence Act. We Utilized principles from this case while examining Section 60
of the Indian Evidence Act and its impact on witness testimonies during court proceedings.

4. Ramkali v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1982

This case is Pertaining to Section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act; it deliberates on the grounds
for divorce. It offers insights into interpreting cruelty as a divorce ground and the requisite
evidentiary standards. This case provided interpretation and application of Section 13 of the
Hindu Marriage Act in the context of cruelty as a ground for divorce.

The principle established in this case is that in divorce cases under Section 13 of the Hindu
Marriage Act, cruelty must be established with requisite evidentiary standards, and
interpretation should align with the provisions of the Act. We referred to this case while

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 researching Section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act and analyzing divorce grounds during the
internship.

5. Shyam Sundar v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 2001 Raj 264

This case addresses property transaction issues under the Transfer of Property Act,
elucidating the rights and liabilities of buyers and sellers. It provides guidance on interpreting
various clauses of the Act. This case didn't specifically overrule any precedent but provided
interpretation and guidance on property transaction issues under the Transfer of Property Act.

The main principle of this case is that in property transactions, rights and liabilities of buyers
and sellers should be interpreted in accordance with the Transfer of Property Act, and various
clauses of the Act must be meticulously analyzed. We applied principles from this case while
drafting legal opinions on property transactions and analysing parties' rights and liabilities in
property disputes.

6. Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam v. Essar Power, (2020) 7 SCC 1

This case relates to the Goods and Services Tax Act, addressing taxation and input tax credit
issues. It offers insights into interpreting GST provisions and determining tax liabilities in
commercial transactions. This case provided interpretation and application of GST provisions
in commercial transactions.

The main principle of this case is that in matters related to the Goods and Services Tax Act,
provisions should be interpreted meticulously to determine tax liabilities in commercial
transactions, ensuring compliance with statutory requirements. I referenced this case during
workshops on the Goods and Services Tax Act (GSTA) to understand recent developments'
impact on handled taxation matters.

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7. Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. v. Union of India, (1996) 2 SCC 171

We utilized the principles of this case while conducting comprehensive research on motor
accident claims laws and attending related court hearings during the internship. It provided
interpretation and application of motor accident claims laws.

The main principle of this case is that in matters related to motor accident claims, legal
principles should be applied meticulously to ensure justice and fair compensation to the
affected parties. We Utilized principles from this case while conducting comprehensive
research on motor accident claims laws and attending related court hearings during the
internship.

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 CONCLUSION

During my internship at Nizamabad District Court under the tutelage of Mr. M. Venkatesh,
Advocate, I underwent a transformative journey of legal exploration and professional growth.
Spanning from May 1st, 2023, to June 30th, 2023, each passing week afforded me the
opportunity to delve into a myriad of legal domains including civil law, criminal law, evidence
law, family law, property law, constitutional law, and taxation law. Under Mr. Venkatesh's
expert guidance, I immersed myself in extensive research, courtroom observations, and client
consultations, culminating in a comprehensive understanding of legal intricacies.

Throughout my tenure, I meticulously engaged in legal research, analyzed pertinent case studies,
and observed courtroom proceedings to glean practical insights into legal practice. Noteworthy
experiences include drafting legal opinions, preparing case notes, and compiling comprehensive
indices of case laws relevant to various practice areas. Additionally, attending workshops on
contemporary legal issues such as the Goods and Services Tax Act (GSTA) broadened my
perspective on evolving legal frameworks, further enriching my internship experience.

Moreover, my internship underscored the paramount importance of ethical conduct, compliance

with statutory regulations, and a commitment to continuous learning. By upholding ethical
standards, adhering to procedural fairness, and embracing a culture of lifelong learning, I have
cultivated essential skills and competencies vital for a successful legal career. I am deeply
grateful to Mr. M. Venkatesh and the entire team for their invaluable mentorship, unwavering
support, and the opportunity to embark on this enriching journey towards professional excellence
in the field of law.

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ANNEXURE A

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