ABBREVIATIONS

ABBREVIATION DEFINITION
HC High court
SC Supreme court
IO Investigation officer
IPC Indian penal code
MCD Municipal corporation of Delhi
NIA Negotiable Instrument Act
PLA Permanent Lok Adalat
CPC Code of civil procedure, 1908
CJM Chief Judicial Magistrate
SDO Sub Divisional officer
Wc Workmen compensation
Sec. Sections
u/s Under section
v versus

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 TABLE OF CASES

S.NO CASES
1. CBI VS. SH. R.S GARG
2. ABC VS. XYZ
3. CBI VS. MAHESH KUMAR & ORS
4. SANJAY SHARMA VS. VOLTAS
5. ANIL KUMAR VS. AJAY KUMAR & ORS
6. DALJIT VS. RACHIT EXPORTS
7. NAVNEET RATHI VS. ATUL GARMENTS
8. AMIRCHAND VS. MANOHAR LAL
9. BALJIT SINGH VS. BALJEET SINGH
10. NISHA SHARMA VS. ANUPAM SHARMA
11. BALJEET SINGH VS. ASHOK KUMAR & ANR
12. MAHIPAL SHARMA VS. BEENA SANWARIA
13. NAVEEN KUMAR JAIN VS. AMIT CHAUHAN

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO TOPIC PAGE NO.

CH-1 CONCEPT OF INTERNSHIP 9-10

CH-2 CONCEPT OF INTERN 11

CH-3 WORKING OF COURTS 12-13

CH-4 CASE FILE UPDATION AND MAINTENANCE 14-16

CH-5 CASE STUDY 17-28

CH-6 CONCLUSION 29

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 CHAPTER - 1
CONCEPT OF INTERNSHIP

1.1 MEANING
An internship is an opportunity offered by an employer to potential employees, called interns,
to work at a firm for a fixed period of time. Interns are usually undergraduates or students, and
most internships last between a month and three months. Internships are usually part-time if
offered during a university semester and full-time if offered during the vacation periods.
An internship should give you practical skills, workplace experience and greater knowledge of
that industry, in exchange for the employer benefiting from your labour.
An internship can be either paid or voluntary. The trend is increasingly (and rightly) towards
the former, as voluntary internships are often cited as exploitative. As you would expect,
internships that pay well are usually the most competitive.

1.2 THE INTERNSHIP

I. Provides a student with a practical real worked experience in the public or nonprofit
sector.
II. Enables a student to develop important public administration skills which cannot be
taught in classroom. These experiences vary from working on special project for the
interning agency to learning about motivation process in a complex organization.
III. Enables a student to compare theoretical ideas learned in the classroom within the
world of regarding public administration experiences.
IV. Provides a student with experience in an actual public or non-profit agency. Before
entering the job market, such experience not only increases student’s job prospects, but
also teachers what is expected in terms of professional behaviors.
V. Permits a student to apply the technical skills learned in the classroom to real public
administrative problems.

Legal internships provide an opportunity for students to their knowledge of substantive area of
law, gain exposure to a real work environment and provide valuable support to a legal
employer. An increasing number of law schools, paralegal programs, legal secretarial schools
and other legal educational institutions require the completion of a internship as a prerequisite
to graduation. Some internship is paid although many are not. However, most internship
programs allow students to earn school credits.

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1.3 BENEFITS

The opportunity to create a network of contacts. There are various benefits to the students of
the internship. We stole the following benefits of the internship opportunity:

I. A chance to develop your knowledge and skills in a particular field or industry

II. Exploring different roles to see which one you would like to pursue
III. Getting insight into the way businesses work and what challenges they face on a daily
basis
IV. The opportunity to create a network of contacts
V. Gaining valuable work experience to set you apart from other candidates
VI. Acquiring university module credits
VII. Applying the concepts and strategies of academic study in a live work environment
VIII. Getting the national minimum wage (if you do a paid internship)

The internship provides the student the technical know-how of the theory they learn in the
classes. Regular court visits enables the students or intern to see and learn the various court
activities, court procedures and hearing. All this leads to the overall development of the intern
and adds to their existing knowledge. Also they might be lucky and get selected for a
permanent job in the firm after post-graduation.

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 CHAPTER-2
CONCEPT OF INTERN

2. WHAT TYPE OF WORK CAN INTERNS DO?

The majority of interns will carry out a range of support tasks in a junior role. The specific duties
of an internship will vary considerably depending on your employer, the industry and the type
of internship. Unlike conventional employment, internships have an emphasis on training,
rather than employment itself.

Don’t expect to be given a client account to manage, or a creative project to coordinate, in the
first week of your internship. By their very nature, internships are more of a support role than
anything else.

2.2 WHAT IS REQUIRED BY THE INTERN?

Interns are expected to exhibit professionalism at all times during the internship experience.
This professionalism should be evident in the interactions with clients, co-workers and
supervisors. Interns are expected to apply their knowledge, skills and abilities in the
performance of all duties to behave ethically and to follow all the rules and policies of the site
internship is a requirement for graduation.

Legal internships provide an opportunity for students to increase their knowledge of

substantive area of law, gain exposure to a real work environment and provide valuable
support to a legal employer. An increasing number of law schools, paralegal programs, legal
secretarial schools and other legal educational institutions require the completion of a
internship as a prerequisite to graduation. Some internship is paid although many are not.
However, most internship programs allow students to earn school credit.

As the legal field becomes more complex and legal employment opportunities proliferate. The
traditional internship has evolved. Now a number of different experiential opportunities for the
legal students exist including judicial clerkships, legal clinics, summer clerkships, legal
externships and pro bono projects. These programs place students in law offices, courts and
public interest organizations with the goal of providing real-world legal experience under the
guidance of faculty members, licensed and sitting judges.

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 CHAPTER-3
WORKING OF THE COURTS

The hierarchy of courts as observed by me during my internship days was as follows:-

3.1 IN CIVIL CASES

SUPREME COURT

HIGH COURT

DISTRICT COURT

(DISTRICT JUDGE)

COURT OF CIVIL JUDGE

CIVIL JUDGE

ADDITIONAL CIVIL JUDGE

SENIOR & JUNIOR DIVISION

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3.2 IN CRIMINAL CASES

SUPREME COURT

HIGH COURT

SESSION COURT

(SESSION JUDGE)

ADDITIONAL COURT OF SESSION

JUDICIAL MAGISTRATE

CHIEF JUDICIAL MAGISTRATE

JUDICIAL MAGISTRATE CLASS 1 & 11

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 Chapter – 4
CASE FILE-UPDATION AND MAINTENANCE
During the initial days of the training, I was introduced to the clientele of the Firm by being
given task of reading and maintaining the case files and updating the same as the dates of
hearing passed by. I was also provided by the court diary for keeping a track of the court
hearing dates as well as keep a brief of each of court proceedings.

During the study of such field, I came across many facts of the civil and criminal cases as
follows –

4.1 CIVIL CASES

1) The files are divided into four parts – The pleadings, the documents, the orders and the
miscellaneous document.

2) The stages of the civil cases are as follows:-

Initial plaint with the facts and circumstances of this case and the relief claimed.

 Written statement filed by the Defendant which is a counter reply to the plaint filed
in the court by the plaintiff.
 Rejoinder or replication filed by the plaintiff which is a reply to the written statement
of the Defendant.
 Pre-summoning evidence for cognizance (if required, before the appearance of the
defendant u/s 156 (3) and 200 of the civil Procedure Code)
 Evidence stage of both the parties
 Documents and their denial / admission
 Interlocutory applications for various other interim relief’s
 Examination & cross examination of the witnesses (through a Written Affidavit, which
has been duly prescribed through a Court judgement in Civil Case)
 Final Arguments

After every hearing of the court, within a span of 4-5 days, the copies of court were applied and
also got order through on the court websites - www.delhihighcourt.nic.in and
www.delhidistrictcourts.nic.in . I was required to take out the printout of such court orders and
update the files in chronological order. These orders are later referred to for preparation for
the next date of Hearing in the courts. These Orders are later referred to the preparation for
the next date of Hearing in the courts. These internet orders cannot be used for any legal
purposes but in case any such order is required for any legal use, which may include the written
transcripts of the cross Examination and statements of the witnesses or the final orders, one

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can apply for Certified copy in the court through a Certified Copy Form. A copy of the CC Form is
annexed with this report for immediate reference. Such a Certified Copy has a legal identify and
can be used at various agencies.

In all the files, before being taken up, the client is required to sign a Vakalatnama or a
Declaration of Representation which enables the Counsel to Appear in the court of Law and the
original has to be submitted to the court before appearing on behalf of the respective parties as
their legal counsel in the court.

All the plaints and other legal documents require a specific Court value and the need suit
valuation before being filed/ submitting in the court of law for e.g.-

 For Vakalatnama – 1. Advocate Welfare Stamp of Rs. 5/- and court fee of Rs. 2/-
 For Process Fee Form – Rs. 2/- (Court fee for No.1 of pages is different)
 For Certified Copy Form – Rs. 4/-
 For File Inspection Form – Rs. 5/- or Rs. 10/-
 The suit valuation and stamp duty of the suit is calculated by a specific chart given in the
Court Fee Stamp Act 1899 and the Suit Valuation Act 1887. They are to be referred and
the stamp duty/court fee is to be paid accordingly. The court fee in cases of high value
are given through stamp papers of respective value issued by the state bank group (at
Tis Hazari State Bank of India for Delhi District Courts).

Before filing of any of the pleading in the court, given due respect to the Principle of Natural
Justice, the respective Council are required to sent the advance copy of the same to the other
party and the receipt of such serving is to be attached with the plaint at the time of filing to the
court.

Such a notice of motion of serving of the advance copy is usually preferred by the India Post.
For process fee and summoning of defendants, there is specific form which is issued by the
Indian Personal Service which has to be used to the same. The copy of the said form is annexed
with this report.

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4.2 CRIMINAL CASES
1) The files in the criminal cases are similar to that of the civil cases except the fact that the
parties to such cases are State (compulsorily), the Complainant (in some cases) and the Accused
(persons). The cases for the state is by the public prosecutor who is the agent of the state
where as the Accused is at liberty to choose his/her council and take legal advice.

2) The criminal cases, bail matters and accident cases and MACT ( Motor Accident Claims
Tribunal ), cases under domestic violence and dowry harassment (U/s 498 A of the Indian Penal
Code), as well as Murder, Criminal Defamation, Cheating, Forgery, Fraud, Criminal Breach of
Trust, Criminal Misappropriation, Adultery, Dishonor of Cheque U/s 138 of the Negotiable
Instruments Act 1881 etc.

3) In many cases, the Courts take have cognizance of offence in cases U/s 136 (3) and 200 of
the Criminal Procedure Code when the Police failed to take any action even on the complaint of
the Petitioner and the court may direct the police to take the investigations (U/s 200 Cr.P.C.), in
such cases, the criminal complaint is under the consideration of the Court itself.

4) There are two types of Warrants issued against the accused – bailable and Non-Bailable. In
bailable cases, the SHO can grant bail after filling the bail bonds and in non – bailable cases, the
accused has to appear in the court for bail. In many petty criminal cases, bailable warrants are
issued against the accused. In cases of non-appearance, the court can issue non-bailable
warrants for compelling appearance of the accused. Relief u/s 438 Cr.P.C. for the grant of
anticipatory bail was also granted in some cases.
5) I learnt to fill a bail bond in a case where in a Non-Bailable Warrant was issued against our
Client for non-appearance in a Dishonor of Cheque Case. A Copy of bail bond is annexed with
this report.
6) In one of the discussion in criminal case, I came to know about the “Test Identification
Parade” in some cases the articles of the offence (for ex. Robbery items) sealed by the Duty
Officer at the time of recovery, were produced before the Court for identification and evidence
and such sealed items were produced before the Court on the day of evidence/ charge decision
in such cases. In case of absence of such seal on the items, the court, at its discretion, can
recognize non- admissibility of such evidence with respect to such articles and render them as
tempered.

7) In matrimonial cases of criminal nature, like that u/s 498 A of the Indian Penal Code 1860,
the court may direct the parties for Mediation for settlement before taking cognizance of the
Offence and taking and adverse section against either of the parties.

There are many criminal cases with a civil nature and vice versa, in such cases, the court, may or
may not, proceed with the cases separately or together, with due consideration to the facts and
circumstances of the case.

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 CASE STUDY

CASE NO. 1

DATE: 02/07/2019

IN THE COURT OF ARUN BHARDWAJ, SPECIAL JUDGE(PC ACT):CBI-5

PATIALA HOUSE COURT, NEW DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF;

C.B.I

VS.

Sh. R.S GARG

Ld. Counsel for A-1 has heavily relied on the judgment titled as “ A K Ganju versus CBI, CRL. M.C.
No.2384/2019 & Crl. M.A. No. 8693/2019 dated 22.11.18 passed by Hon’ble Delhi court as well as
judgment titled as “ Rita Handa vs. CBI 2008 (105) DRJ 331 of Hon’ble Delhi Court. He has further argued
that there is no evidence of conspiracy and A-1 had done duties as per DMC Act.

SECTIONS INVOLVED

Delhi Municipal Corporation Act.

OBSERVATION:

My senior counsel have pointed out from para no. 16.48 of the chargesheet that specimen handwritings,
signatures/initials of owners sh. R.S. Garg, Sh. Rajiv Dhiman and two staff members and some builders
were obtained which have been sent to CBI for comparison with original questioned documents and
report is still awaited. Directions be sent to the laboratory to expedite the report.

ORDER/JUDGMENT: PENDING

NEXT DATE OF HEARING: 03.10.19

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Case No. 2

Date: 05/07/2019

IN THE COURT OF ANU GROVAR BALIJA, ADJ

PATIALA HOUSE COURT, DELHI

In the matter of:

ABC

Vs.

XYZ

SECTION INVOLVED:

Claim u/s 96 of CPC, 1908

OBSERVATION:

The decree has been passed in the favour of the client so the opposite party of my senior has filed the
appeal against the decree.

The proxy counsel on behalf of my senior requested the court to give time to file the reply to appeal and
also the proxy counsel filed vakalatnama.

NOW THE MATTER IS FIXED FOR 09.11.2019

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CASE NO.3

DATE: 06/07/19

IN THE COURT OF SH. SUNIL KUMAR, M.M

TIS HAZARI COURT, DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF:

CBI

VS.

MAHESH KUMAR & ORS

OBSERVATION:

Reply to the application seeking permission to visit abroad filed by applicant / accused no.4 awaited
from CBI. Let reply, if any, be filed on 08.07.2019 at 2p.m

ORDER/ JUDGMENT: let reply, if any, be filed on 08.07.2019 at 2pm

NEXT DATE OF HEARING: 08.07.2019

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CASE NO.4

DATE: 09/07/2019

CLIENT COMPROMISE

IN THE DISTRICT CONSUMER FORUM, SAINI ENCLAVE

SANJAY SHARMA V. VOLTAS

OBSERVATION:

Handed over the cheque of Rs. 5000 to the complainant after settlement and matter was listed for Lok
Adalat.

CASE NO. 5

DATE: 10/07/2019

IN THE COURT OF ANIL KUMAR SISODIA , ADJ

TIS HAZARI COURT, DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF:

ANIL KUMAR DHINGRA

VS.

AJAY KUMAR & ORS

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OBSERVATION:

Claim for specific performance, permanent injunction and declaration.

My senior was appearing for the plaintiff. The adjournment was granted and next date was fixed for
further arguments.

JUDGMENT/ORDER: PENDING

NEXT DATE OF HEARING: 17.10.2019

CASE NO.6

DATE: 12.07.2019

IN THE COURT OF RAJ KUMAR, ADJ

TIS HAZARI COURT,NEW DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF:

DALJIT

VS.

RACHIT EXPORTS

OBSERVATIONS:

Recovery of money Amounted 11,80,000.

ORDER/JUDGMENT: PENDING

NEXT DATE OF HEARING: 26.11.2019

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CASE NO. 7

DATE: 15.07.2019

IN THE COURT OF ANURAG JAIN, ADJ

KARKADOOMA COURT, DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF:

NAVNEET RATHI

VS.

ATUL GARMENTS

SECTIONS INVOLVED:

Application under order 9, Rule 9 CPC, 1908

Suit for recovery of money amounted Rs.1,70,000

OBSERVATION:

Appearing on behalf of the plaintiff.

ORDER/JUDGMENT: PENDING
NEXT DATE OF HEARING: 26.09.2019

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CASE NO.8
DATE: 18/07/2019

IN THE COURT OF SH. V.K JAIN, CJ

TIS HAZARI COURT, DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF:

AMIRCHAND
VS.
MANOHAR LAL

SECTION INVOLVED
Suit for permanent injunction.

COURT OBSERVATION:
Cross examination was to be held but the plaintiff offered the compensation in case. The matter was
adjourned for a further date.

JUDGMENT/ORDER: PENDING
NEXT DATE OF HEARING: 27.10.19

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CASE NO. 9

DATE: 22/07/2019

IN THE COURT OF SUDESH KUMAR SETHI, CJ

KARKARDOOMA COURT, DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF:

BALJIT SINGH

VS.

BALJEET SINGH

SECTION INVOLVED:

SUIT FOR RECOVERY OF MONEY

GENERAL OBSERVATION:

SUIT FOR RECOVERY OF RS. 1,67,000.

Prosecution witness was present. Brought the original airway bill. His statement was recorded and
discharged.

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CASE NO. 10

DATE: 25/07/2019

FAMILY COURT,SAKET

DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF:

NISHA SHARMA

VS.

ANUPAM SHARMA

OBSERVATION:

My senior counsel was representing Nisha Sharma. The defendant paid the cheque of Rs.2000 to the
appellant for the cost imposed upon the defendant by the Hon’ble court.

ORDER/JUDGMENT: PENDING

NOW THE MATTER IS FIXED FOR: 09/11/2019

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CASE NO.11

DATE: 25/07/2019

IN THE COURT OF HARSH KUMAR,

TIS HAZARI, DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF:

BALJEET SINGH

VS.

ASHOK KUMAR & ANR.

COURT OBSERVATION:

Suit for recovery of Amount of Rs. 10,00,000.

The defendant was called to appear before the court with his bill books. The defendant was admitted in
hospital so he could not appear.

STATUS: PENDING

NEXT DATE OF HEARING: 13.10.2019

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CASE NO. 12

DATE: 26/07/2019

IN THE COURT OF PRINCIPLE JUDGE, FAMILY COURT

DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF:

MAHIPAL SHARMA

VS.

BEENA SANWARIA

BRIEF FACTS OF THE CASE:

Divorce petition u/s 13(B) of Hindu Marriage Act.

OBSERVATION:

Only a petition was filed. Court gave order to wait for a mandatory period of 6-18 months.

ORDER/JUDGMENT: PENDING

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CASE NO. 13

DATE: 29/07/2019

IN THE COURT OF MS. ROSHNI GUPTA, M.M

TIS HAZARI COURT,DELHI

IN THE MATTER OF:

NAVEEN KUMAR JAIN

VS.

AMIT CHAUHAN

SECTION INVOLVED:

U/S 200 OF CR.PC. R/W 155(4) C.P.C

OBSERVATION:

The complaint was filed for adultery against the accused. The arguments have been addressed by the
counsels of complainant and respondent.

ORDER/JUDGMENT: PENDING

NOW THE MATTER IS FIXED FOR: 10.08.2019

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 Chapter – 6

CONCLUSION

In the end, I would like to opine that the real legal practice is absolutely different from the
theoretical version of law which we study. Without exposure to the real world, one cannot
understand the analytical and positive application of law and jurisprudence and the actual
function and structure of law. What we study is the body, but what we have learnt from the
internship is the mechanism of this body.

I was surprised to see how the simplest of laws were applicable in the most difficult of
situations and how loop holes leave so much scope for evolution and improvisation today in
this field. I also realized that law is everything but constant and with the same soul as that of a
human. In other words or as that of our Counsel, laws may come and law may repeal, but they
must always stay true to our original values and in case of laws, they must always be faithful to
the Constitution, which is The Supreme law of the land and governs all equals and unequal in
respect of each others.

With a vote a thanks and gratefulness for reading this report thoroughly and for giving me
this wonderful opportunity to grow my vision in this field, I conclude this report with a great lot
in my mind.

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