The TRIM() function is used to remove leading and trailing spaces or specific

characters from a string.

Example 1:

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SELECT TRIM ( ' Hello ' ) AS trimmed_string;

Output:

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trimmed_string -------------- Hello

In this example, the input string is ' Hello '. The TRIM() function removes the leading
and trailing spaces from the string and returns 'Hello' as the trimmed string.

Example 2:

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SELECT TRIM ( '***Hello***' , '*' ) AS trimmed_string;

Output:

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trimmed_string -------------- Hello

In this example, the input string is 'Hello'. The TRIM() function removes the asterisks
(*) from both ends of the string and returns 'Hello' as the trimmed string.

Example 3:

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SELECT TRIM ( '!##!Hello!##!' , '!#' ) AS trimmed_string;

Output:

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trimmed_string -------------- Hello

In this example, the input string is '!##!Hello!##!'. The TRIM() function removes the
exclamation mark (!) and hash (#) characters from both ends of the string and returns
'Hello' as the trimmed string.
The TRIM() function is useful for removing unwanted spaces or characters from
strings. It can be used to clean up data before performing comparisons or further
processing in SQL queries.

Example 1:

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SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX( 'Hello, World, How, Are, You' , ', ' , 3 ) AS substring;

Output:

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substring ------------ Hello, World, How

In this example, the SUBSTRING_INDEX() function extracts the substring before the
third occurrence of the ', ' delimiter. It returns 'Hello, World, How' as the extracted
substring.

Example 2:

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SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX( '1|2|3|4|5' , '|' , -2 ) AS substring;

Output:

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substring -------- 4|5

Here, the function extracts the substring after the second occurrence of the '|'
delimiter, starting from the end of the string. It returns '4|5' as the extracted
substring.

Example 3:

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SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX( 'Apples,Oranges,Bananas,Grapes' , ',' , 1 ) AS substring;

Output:

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substring -------- Apples

In this example, the function extracts the substring before the first occurrence of the
',' delimiter. It returns 'Apples' as the extracted substring.
These examples demonstrate how the position or occurrence of the delimiter affects
the extraction of substrings using the SUBSTRING_INDEX() function.