A

ID-2 -6
222 -
Example 3
oh M
The product o wo eigen valuues
S6 -2 thid
maain A =2 3 - l b nd dheL
2- 3
ergenval
Ai,Ag, 23 here A eizpnvalues o
matrir A

2 Jb A3

PYoduck el, efgenvalus ef A = det Ca)

b -2 2
-2 3
2 - 3

6A36(g-1)42(-t+2) +2(2-b)

1A3 49-8-8

A3 3
Ag 32
1
A3 2
 Exomple 4 [2 2
he makrie A= | 3 I
Tuwo eigenvaluues oh 2 22
'2
to u hrd.
dne equal ane - me
Fund e elgen valuks.
let
ane aigenvames ej
,A2, A3 ero

matri A
A

A, = yA3

A
Sum o he eigovalus d, Matri
diagondd
Sum e the prieipal
elomenkt.

AtA2+Ag 2+33+2

A3Ag+3

Az 5
A35

The efgen vauos eb A 1,, 5.

FRamph 5

an
2
elgenalue ob dhe makria
eigenvau
S2 - 2
the oiherlvo
ind

Let erenvaluL

mabrir A
= 2

o dhe prícípal
Sumot the eiagenvalws Sum
diagonal eloment.
makr A

24 A2 +A3 2+-1
2+

A2+ 3 O

Product o the eigenvalus

dotdat CA)
o matnx A
2 -2 2

3-

213 =2(4-3)+2(-1-1)+2G-

2A2A -8-4 +

AAs F-4
 -3 xg = -4

-Ag= -4

A 2 Ag=-2
2,-2
other twd ergenvalues oA
Example b
crder 3. 1Al=82
Fo a given makrix A o
us egenvalu
are and 2 , Fund
na o
Evo

the Sum o exgenvaluas

voathe etgnvalu

matn a A.
A9, A2 = 2
det ta) = JAl = 32

A = dettA)
preduct the eigenvalus

A xAax3 = 32

8X 2xA3 = 82

Az 2
A1A tA3
Sum e eizhvalues oA=
842t2

12
 Example .
or a singula makri o ordeT han
and 3 ae a eigenvaluus. fund ub
eigenuau
Sol)
tob
AA bethe aigenvaluss a
makrin A

to a ingwlal makrix 1A1= 0.

Produto egenvalu aydt (A)

A

2 3 xA3 O

.Third efgenvalue = 0.
Example 8.
2 0
T 2,3 e tha aizenvaluas o ho 2 0
aoJ
Jund hl valuo o a.

Let , , 2 ,3 e the gen value eb

maknn A
A 2, Aa: 3

Sun he eigenaluts o Sum o Principe

A aiaqonal element
 2+3t+A3 2+2 +2

A3 b-5

Psoduct o etgenvalucs o det (A)

A
Sum paî'cipal
diagonal akments oA

AxA xA3 2 2
0
'o

-ol0-0)+1 (0-2od)
23XI = 2 (4-0)

6 8-2a
2a 8-6

a = 2/,

a
ocample q
tha Juwo ergenvalue oA
15 e
I 3 ad
8 -6 2

T-+und 1Al Whout enpandung the

L2 -4 3
dekermunak,
makri A
2,,, 2 be the eigonvaluaso
Le
A3 Aa 1 5

Sum puapal dfagond

Sumo ths eigen valua
A elaraan A
 A +A2+ 9t7+3
3 5+3 18
Ag 18-12

Þreduct h
ergentyauue dsttA)
3rSX0 JA)
A 0
Erampl 10.
und a and br Auwh ha A
a
3 and-2
b ha
as
eigenvalues
La
Aa be khe genvalue ot makrin A
A 8 An=-2
Sum the eizenvalue
6A
Sum ed
Shm o pntipal diaqpndl
pricijral diagonal
eement A
AtAn=atb
3-2 - tb
ab
pooduct e the eigenvalue dotA)
Sumot
Sume pincipoul
psincipol
aiogonal elomant A
 - ao -4

alo-b+
aub 2
a l -b

C1-b)a -2
b-b - 2 b-2b1b - 9:0

bl b2) I ( b-2) o

b-b-2 o bt1=0 b-9

b= a -1|
b- a=
EXample 11
22I1
TwD eigenvalues oh he max A 3
2J
ae 1 and 1. Fund h eigenvalues ot A"

e
A Ao be he eigenvalues
makrír A.
A R2 l ,Ag ?
Sum o the eigenvalus Sum
a pTi'ncipal diageral
O A element A

It1tA3 243 +2
A3 - 2
Ag 5,
 The eigenvales of A a l l 1,1,5.

The igenvaluss of a°ale

1 5
Exampla 12
dha makrin
Two o dhe eigenvalues o
A 3 5 5 -- a e 3 and Fund he eigenvakua
L-I 3J
oAand A
Let masns
A , 9 1 be the eigavaluu

A 3, a 6 3 =
?
Sum o etgenvalue
Sum o principal diagonal
A lomenE A

8+b tA3 3+5+3

A3 11-9
A3= 2

The eigenvalul A au 3,6, 2

The elgenvalue o a axe 2

The esgenvalu of as= 3,3,2
27 216, 8.
 aomple 13
makTIZ wmDAl es'yenvalun aUa
Form dha
are a a'envalue
T-5 whare a, B,Y
- 5 , B-5,
A 2 -3
45

ezenvalua
Ahs makTin A
Sol
Let 2 A2 ,Ay ae
a tus eigenvalua
3-k
dhen A-k", A1-k
t h e matrx A-kI
-2-3

A-5I

5 0
-1 -2 3
- 5 o
S-6
oS
-2

-2 3

1; -8

Example + 3 -11
T a andp a the elgenvalu *b |-1s-
whose eigenvalurs a a dand
om Ahe makvíx
B3

matTinA,
Ai A2 cae he eigenvalue o

theleigenvalus e mak7Ýn A
hen A A are

Let A
 13-
AA -15 -I S
+-3-5

-3-5 25

26

AASAA 2 26-1 5

30+8 -10-40
L-24,42 8+ 130
A 39 50
50 132
ETampL 1S
3 -
TA -5 - rd dha eigenyalus hon
the 4ollbwing matir iAA

-3

The Chanatkena i euaiuon us

dut CA-AI) = O

3-A

S 3+5t 3 F
 C15 + (A-1)+1s-1)

=4+2+1
82 3
3-
Sg da&4) =
5-

-3

3(15-1) +1(-3+1) +1(1 -5)

42-2-4
Sg36
2 0
AS) 241 -86 =

36336
2 1
2-1S 36
2 / 3, 3 19918
0 Efgenvalues o A =l 2,3,b

) Ergenyalueso aT=aT2,3,b

dy)Eigenvaluas o 44"E 4 2,
6)Bgenvaluss oA= a 4,36
vi) Eigenvalues a 2A+I =A-224
4 ,25

2)8
Mi) Figenyaluss al a9+21 - A42. t
I0, 29,