Atlas Do Desenvolvimento Humano

Human Development Atlas in the
Brazilian Metropolitan Regions

SERIE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN BRAZIL
Execution Technical Team Salvador MR
Bahia State Secretariat for Urban Development (Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Urbano do
Jorge Chediek UNDP Jacob Said, Karoliina Nuotio, Luisa Kieling, Samantha Salve Estado da Bahia – SEDUR), Bahia State Urban Development Corporation (Companhia de
UNDP Resident Representative in Brazil IPEA Arlei Teodoro de Queiroz, Bárbara Oliveira Marguti, Clayton Desenvolvimento Urbano do Estado da Bahia – CONDER)
Gurgel Albuquerque, Igor Pantoja, Nikolas de Camargo Pirani, Fortaleza MR
Ana Inés Mulleady Renan Amabile Boscariol Ceará Institute of Economic Research and Strategy (Instituto de Pesquisa e Estratégia
UNDP Deputy Resident Representative in Brazil FJP Bruna Duarte Matias, Daniele Reis de Oliveira, Fernando Econômica do Ceará – IPECE)
Martins Prates, Mônica Galupo Fonseca Costa, Olinto J. O. Recife MR
Sergei Soares
Nogueira, Priscilla de Souza da Costa Pereira, Vera Scarpelli Castilho Pernambuco State Agency for Planning and Research (Agência Estadual de
IPEA President Atlas Web Graph Design Web Explico Planejamento e Pesquisa de Pernambuco – CONDEPE/FIDEM), Pernambuco Observatory
Marilena Chaves Atlas Web Development Erivelton Guedes (IPEA), Rodrigo Queiroz of Public Policies and Socio-environmental Practices, Abreu e Lima City Hall, Cabo de
FJP President Graph Design and Desktop Publishing Editorar Multimídia Santo Agostinho City Hall, Camaragibe City Hall, Igarassu City Hall, Ipojuca City Hall,
Jaboatão dos Guararapes City Hall, Moreno City Hall, Olinda City Hall, Paulista City Hall,
Collaboration Recife City Hall, São Lourenço da Mata City Hall
Supervision UNDP Communications and HDR Daniel de Castro, Daniela Belem MR
Gomes Pinto, Fabiana Pullen, Julia Libório, Raíssa Teixeira Para Institute of Economic, Social and Environmental Development (Instituto de
Maristela Baioni Desenvolvimento Econômico, Social e Ambiental do Pará – IDESP), Brazilian Institute of
Atlas Web Development André Castro, Leoflávio Silva, Elaine
Assistant Resident Representative for Programme Moreira, Tiago Prates, Cristina Durães, Rozileni Vieira, Felipe Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE) / Para,
United Nations Development Programme – UNDP Quadros, Edson Dota, Desenvolvimento Atlas Web IPEA Moisés Federal University of Para (UFPA)
Marco Aurélio Costa Silva, Paulo Lari, Frederico Franzosi Manaus MR
ATI/FJP Programming Rodrigo Diniz Rosa, Tiago Francisco State Secretariat for Economic Planning and Development (Secretaria de Estado de
Institute of Applied Economy Research (Instituto de Pesquisa
Ferreira, Luiz Marques de Oliveira Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Econômico – SEPLAN/AM)
Econômica Aplicada – IPEA) Goiania MR
FJP Technical Consultancy Irineu Rigotti, Laura Wong, José
Maria Luiza de Aguiar Marques Alberto Magno de Carvalho State Secretariat for Infrastructure, Cities and Metropolitan Affairs (Secretaria Estadual de
João Pinheiro Foundation – FJP Infraestrutura, Cidades e Assuntos Metropolitanos – SICAM), Administration, Accounting
Institutional Partners and Economics College – UFG (FACE-UFG), Mauro Borges Institute of Statistics and Socio-
economic Studies (Instituto Mauro Borges de Estatísticas e Estudos Socioeconômicos –
Braskem, Petrobrás, Sebrae, Banco do Nordeste do Brasil, Furnas IMB/SEGPLAN-GO)
Coordination
Vitória MR
Andréa Bolzon Institutional Support Jones dos Santos Neves Institute (Instituto Jones dos Santos Neves – IJSN)
UNDP General Secretariat of the Presidency of the Republic, Banco do Cuiaba River Valley MR
Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal UNISELVA Foundation (UFMT) Team, State Prosecutor’s Office (MPE/MT), Cuiaba City Hall,
Marco Aurélio Costa Várzea Grande City Hall, Várzea Grande Cities Council
Ipea Technical Cooperation Greater São Luís MR
Maria Luiza Aguiar Marques State Secretariat for Cities and Urban Development (Secretaria de Estado das Cidades
Belo Horizonte MR e Desenvolvimento Urbano – SECID), Deputy Secretariat for Metropolitan Affairs
FJP João Pinheiro Foundation (FJP) (Secretaria Adjunta de Assuntos Metropolitanos – SAAM), State Secretariat for Planning
São Paulo MR and Budget (Secretaria de Estado de Planejamento e Orçamento – SEPLAN), Maranhão
São Paulo Metropolitan Planning Corporation (Empresa Paulista State Institute of Socio-economic and Cartographic Studies (Instituto Maranhense de
Coordination of Spatial Divisions de Planejamento Metropolitano SA – EMPLASA) Estudos Socioeconômicos e Cartográficos – IMESC), São Luis City Hall, Institute of the
Rio de Janeiro MR City, Research and Urban & Rural Planning (Instituto da Cidade Pesquisa e Planejamento
Olinto José Oliveira Nogueira
State Center of Statistics, Research and Training to Civil Servants Urbano e Rural – INCID), Paço do Lumiar City Hall, São José de Ribamar City Hall
FJP in Rio de Janeiro Foundation (Fundação Centro Estadual de Natal MR
Estatísticas, Pesquisas e Formação de Servidores Públicos do Rio Observatory of the Metropolises – Natal MR Nucleus
de Janeiro – CEPERJ Foundation)
Brasilia MR Acknowledgement
The Federal District Planning Corporation (Companhia de
Planejamento do Distrito Federal – Codeplan) Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE, National Movement for Citizenship
Published by the United Nations Porto Alegre MR and Solidarity – We Can (Nós Podemos), Sesi Paraná
Development Programme (UNDP). Human Development Atlas in the Brazilian Metropolitan Siegfried Emanuel Heuser Economy and Statistics Center (Centro Cover: Picture of the Banks of the Tietê and Pinheiros Rivers, “Cebolão” Road Complex.
Regions. – Brasilia: UNDP, IPEA, FJP, 2014. de Economia e Estatística Siegfried Emanuel Heuser – FEE), State Air picture kindly lent by Emplasa. Mapeia São Paulo Project, 2010 / 2011.
This publication results from a Emplasa. São Paulo State Government.
120 p. – (Human Development Atlas in Brazil). Foundation of Metropolitan and Regional Planning (Fundação
partnership among the UNDP, Estadual de Planejamento Metropolitano e Regional –
the Institute of Applied Economy Include in the bibliography
ISBN: 978-85-88201-21-7 METROPLAN), Porto Alegre City Hall, Porto Alegre City Observatory
Research (Ipea) and the Curitiba MR
João Pinheiro Foundation. 1. Human development 2. Urban development 3. Social and
Parana Institute of Economic and Social Development (Instituto Publication UNDP Brazil
economic development 4. Cities 5. Basic needs 6. Empowerment
Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social – Ipardes), Printed Graph Design Editorar Multimídia
© UNDP 2014 7. Social welfare 8. Human security 10. Education 11. Population Coordination of Curitiba Metropolitan Region (Coordenação da First edition November 2014
Printed in Brazil dynamics 12. Municipal government 13. Metropolitan Regions Região Metropolitana de Curitiba – COMEC), Curitiba Research
14. Brazil I. UNDP II. Ipea III. João Pinheiro Foundation III. Series Print run 5000 copies
and Urban Planning Institute (Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento
Urbano de Curitiba – IPPUC) Printing Gráfica Brasil
Summary
PREFACE BY JORGE CHEDIEK Belem MR Fortaleza MR Recife MR
PREFACE BY SERGEI SOARES
PREFACE BY MARILENA CHAVES 15 45 77
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HDI AND MHDI

Metropolitan Regions and human development.......................................................9 Belo Horizonte MR Goiania MR Rio de Janeiro MR
Human development.............................................................................................10
MEASURING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT:

THE HDI AND THE MHDI 21 51 83
The Human Development Index (HDI)....................................................................10
The three dimensions of the HDI......................................................................11
Adapting the HDI............................................................................................11
Cuiaba River Valley MR Manaus MR Salvador MR
The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI)
Global HDI............................................................................................................11
How to read the MHDI..........................................................................................12
History of the MHDI...............................................................................................12
27 57 89
Why the MHDI is important...................................................................................12
How the MHDI is calculated..................................................................................12
Curitiba MR Natal MR Greater São Luís MR
Technical Specifications
MHDI..................................................................................................................115
Longevity Dimension...........................................................................................115
Long and healthy life.....................................................................................115 33 65 95
Education Dimension...........................................................................................116
Access to knowledge.....................................................................................116
Income Dimension...............................................................................................118
Standard of living..........................................................................................118 Ride – The Federal District Porto Alegre MR São Paulo MR
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT UNITS (HDU) ................................................................119
39 71 101
Greater Vitória MR
109
Preface by Jorge Chediek
According to United Nations data from 1950, It is true that inequality remains a distinguishing intra-metropolitan group and Metropolitan
30% of the people on earth lived in urban factor of the cities. Even in 2010, in most of Region better, as well as the Federal Units and
areas. The number nowadays is over half of the the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions evaluated in the municipalities.
world population and, at current rates, should this publication, there is a difference in the life
The data is solid, derived from the Brazilian
reach 66% by 2050, which is more than 2.5 expectations of people according to whether
Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto
billion people living in the same urban areas they live in the best or worst urban areas. If the
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE)
that exist today. variable considered is the percentage of people
together with some of the best research
of age 18 or older who have graduated from
Housing, infrastructure, transportation, as well institutes in the country – Institute of Applied
high school, the differences are also evident
as basic health and education services, are Economic Research (Instituto de Pesquisa
when comparing the better-supplied areas and
some of the challenges that the concentration Econômica Aplicada – Ipea) and the João
those that are not. Inequality repeats itself in
of population imposes on public administration. Pinheiro Foundation (Fundação João Pinheiro –
terms of income, with some areas having a per
FJP). We hope that the contribution of supplying
Measuring and mapping the evolution of the capita income of over R$ 10,000 per month,
the Human Development Atlas with data for
metropolises can contribute to urban planning and others where it does not reach R$ 1,000.
the neighborhoods (bairros) in the Metropolitan
and help identify and prioritize the development
However, more than highlighting the fact Regions aids governments, society and public
of the neediest areas.
that the country yet has a distance to cover management to identify the neediest regions
Advances in the Municipal Human Development in the reduction of inequality in its cities, this within the municipalities. We also hope that
Index (MHDI) show that Brazil has taken the publication, and its accompanying web platform it informs citizens so as to more effectively
right path over the last two decades. In 1991, (www.atlasbrasil.org.br), desires to help in the demand improvements and accompany the
Brazil had a Very Low Human Development establishment of inclusive policies that have the evolution of the metropolises, in an effective
Index. However, in 2010, it has reached a improvement of quality of the life conditions of exercise of transparency and citizenship.
High Human Development Index. Advances the population as their goal.
were also evident in the Brazilian Metropolitan
How? By offering abundant and accessible
Regions (MRs). None of the 16 Metropolitan
information. By opening the door for people,
Regions evaluated in the publication presented
citizens, public managers, students and
a Very Low MHDI in 2010. This was not true in Jorge Chediek
academicians to perform cross evaluations
2000, when there was an abundance of cuts in UNDP Resident Representative in Brazil
and analyses between the more than 200
the lowest human development groups. and UN Coordinator in Brazil
indicators the website offers, to know each
Preface by Sergei Soares
In 2013, when we launched the first version But, Brazil is a country that possesses an Just as we observed in the 2013 Human
of the Brazil Human Development Atlas, we unquestionable metropolitan dimension. Development Atlas, this new version also
delivered a platform of municipal data and the testifies to important advances in the social and
The centrality of metropolitan areas to the
new MHDI calculations to the public. A great economic fields, in all Metropolitan Regions
economic, social and political life of the country
volume of social and economic indicators were participating in the research, in all macro-
has demanded, from all of us, the construction
made available to the Brazilian society to help regions in the country. Brazil is a metropolitan
of a new version of the Atlas that incorporates
researchers, students and public managers to country and the social and economic advances
intra-municipal and intra-metropolitan areas.
better know Brazil and, as such, to better decide are decisively felt in these areas.
This was necessary in order to make available
regarding the direction of public policy in the
the same indicators existent today on the The indicators and indexes published attest
country, especially in the municipal sphere.
municipal scale for the intra-metropolitan scale, to the advances made during the 2000s and
Since the launch of the Atlas in the middle of providing an important tool for management of challenge us, be it to consolidate these advances
2013, the numbers and impact of this project the metropolises of the 16 main Metropolitan or be it to build indicators sensitive to the
have been impressive. There were more than Regions (MRs) in the country. social changes under way, in such a way as to
five million hits on the Atlas website. Many continue perfecting the public policies essential
In the ambit of the Brazil Human Development
reports were given in the media under the to Brazilian development, thereby fulfilling our
Atlas, we have been working on a project
theme of human development in the country institutional mission.
to amplify the platform, incorporating new
and provided municipalities with much evidence
resources, new functions and, more than
of the use of its indicators and the Municipal
that, expanding the possibilities of referential
Human Development Index (MHDI) to shape Sergei Soares
territorial divisions for which social and
public policy, as was the case of the Mais IPEA President
economic indicators are made available as
Médicos (More Doctors), which sought to aid
part of the Atlas. It is this effort to perfect the
municipalities with lowest MHDI performance.
platform and make possible the access to intra-
Therefore, it is a well-received project by the
municipal data that we incorporate in this new
Brazilian society and one that has had positive
version, initially covering the areas of the sixteen
repercussions.
Metropolitan Regions.
Preface by Marilena Chaves
Produce, systematize, analyze and publish We have now dedicated two decades of This analytical refinement allows a greater
statistics that reflect the current state of affairs arduous work to build the solid indicators that clarity of the inter-regional and inter-municipal
of the state is one of the legal responsibilities of allow us to observe, from different angles, disparities, revealing infra-municipal nuances
the João Pinheiro Foundation (Fundação João human development in Brazil over the last that not even the effort of disaggregating the
Pinheiro – FJP), as defined by legislation passed two decades. national territory into municipalities was able to
by the State of Minas Gerais. To fulfill this capture, given the elevated level in inequality in
With the calculation of the HDI, we have
responsibility, the FJP operates in field research the country.
the objective of knowing, more deeply, the
in the exploration of available research and the
characteristics of the population of Brazilian As with the previous, this Atlas is, no doubt, of
systematization of record statistics.
municipalities and, with this, provide a tool great use to managers, professors, researchers
The FJP Human Development Nucleus (Núcleo that allows the perfection of strategies to invest and students. It is also an empowering
de Desenvolvimento Humano), today part of coherently in the future of the country. instrument for a society that is daily more
the Maria Aparecida Arruda Applied Research aware and participative. It also opens paths for
This study provides innumerous opportunities
Center (Centro de Pesquisas Aplicadas (CPA) public managers to recognize the development
for the public managers and social society to
Maria Aparecida Arruda), concentrates its context of the country. It is this recognition
achieve the common interest of organizing a
efforts to stimulate the transformation of that makes it possible to reflect on the roads
sustainable human development agenda for
information into effective analysis and subsidy to be taken.
the present and long-term.
instruments for the formulation and evaluation
of public policy in the most diverse areas. Following the 2013 Brazil Human Development
Atlas and the calculation of the Municipal Marilena Chaves
Surpassing state lines, the partnership of the
Human Development Index (MHDI), published FJP President
João Pinheiro Foundation with the United
last year, the Atlas that we now publish is an
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and
extension of this work, presenting the same
the Institute of Applied Economics (Ipea) in the
indicators for the intra-municipal level and
calculation of the Human Development Index
covering the 16 Metropolitan Regions (MRs)
(HDI) gives us pride and provides us with a
in Brazil.
profound and continuous learning experience.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HDI AND MHDI
Metropolitan Regions and human development Life expectancy at birth (2010)

HDUs
The 2014 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) MRs
Lowest value (years) Highest value (year)
considers Brazil an example of the successful reduction of vulnerabilities and development of Belem MR 68 81,08
Belo Horizonte MR 69,18 82,04
population resiliency, especially those less favored. Efficient anti-cyclical policies and active public Cuiaba River Valley MR 69,47 81,31
Curitiba MR 69,17 81,48
policies on inequality reduction were adopted, including conditioned income transfer to overcome Ride – The Federal District 70,89 82,16
Fortaleza MR 67,48 81,27
poverty and extreme poverty. Goiania MR 69,01 81,41
Manaus MR 67,51 81,54
The fact is that today Brazil continues to struggle to overcome a passive history that comes as Natal MR 67,40 81,01
Porto Alegre MR 70,25 82,13
result of decades of negligence regarding human development. However, it is possible to notice Recife MR 67,83 82,06
Rio de Janeiro MR 68,85 82,18
significant changes in daily life, not only in the three dimensions of the Human Development Index Salvador MR 67,83 81,4
Greater São Luís MR 67,77 80,09
(HDI) (longevity, education and income), but also in other areas that cover a more ample approach
São Paulo MR 69,04 82,41
to human development. Such areas include the universal expansion and consolidation of rights Greater Vitória MR 70,24 81,54
and basic services, an increase in the level of employment and a reduction of informal labor.
Percentage of people of the age 18 or older who have graduated from elementary school (2010)
The Metropolitan Regions Atlas confirms the rise in Brazilian socioeconomic indicators, which the MRs
HDUs
Lowest value (%) Highest value (%)
first phase of the Project, the Municipality Atlas, revealed. There was a noticeable improvement Belem MR 28,7 92,87
in the levels of human development in the Metropolitan Regions (MRs) analyzed. However, when Belo Horizonte MR 27,08 94,86
Cuiaba River Valley MR 32,13 91,01
the various indicators are considered, it is possible to see significant levels of intra-metropolitan Curitiba MR 21,20 94,75
Ride – The Federal District 31,16 95,83
inequality. Fortaleza MR 29,81 94,79
Goiania MR 31,72 95,63
Manaus MR 22,9 92,88
In extreme cases, within the same Metropolitan Region, we find Human Development Units (HDUs) Natal MR 24,51 91,82
(Unidades de Desenvolvimento Humano – UDHs) – a similar concept to that of a neighborhood – Porto Alegre MR 26,69 95,78
Recife MR 22,91 95,59
with a monthly per capita income of more than R$ 7,000, while in other HDUs this level does Rio de Janeiro MR 35,77 95,71
Salvador MR 34,47 95,24
not reach R$ 200. Greater São Luís MR 37,94 94,93
São Paulo MR 37,9 94,15
One shocking difference shows that, in the same Metropolitan Region, the income of people Greater Vitória MR 35,77 96,82
living in the higher income HDU is 35 times greater than that of those living in the poorest HDU. Average monthly per capital income (2010)
HDUs
Life expectancy at birth varies, on average, 12 years within the Metropolitan Regions. If all HDUs MRs
Lowest value (R$) Highest value (R$)
of the 16 Metropolitan Regions analyzed are considered (more than 9 thousand), the best data is Belem MR 246,32 4.342,04
Belo Horizonte MR 352,34 7.516,82
that of 82 years, while the lowest is 67. There is a 15-year difference in terms of life expectancy at Cuiaba River Valley MR 335,56 4.207,97
birth. It is no different in the dimension of education, as in the case of adult population education. Curitiba MR 277,33 4.645,6
Ride – The Federal District 326,91 7.713,42
In the HDUs with the best performance among the 16 Metropolitan Regions, the percentage of Fortaleza MR 187,4 4.958,86
Goiania MR 387,06 6.361,16
people over 18 having completed elementary school varied between 91% and 96%, while in the Manaus MR 169,1 7.893,75
lowest performance HDUs, the variation is between 21% and 37%. Natal MR 203,47 4.119,01
Porto Alegre MR 374,26 7.216,42
Recife MR 218,78 7.669,31
By taking a closer look at metropolitan evolution in the last decade, one can better understand Rio de Janeiro MR 331,47 8.603,78
Salvador MR 259,17 5.656,14
the direction that needs to be taken and to consider long-term strategies for human development Greater São Luís MR 209,27 4.757,9
São Paulo MR 351,85 13.802,96
within the country. The intra-municipality data can be allied to this planning and can contribute Greater Vitória MR 343,01 6.889,45
to identify the areas where inclusive public policies can find ample room for implementation. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
11
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
MEASURING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: THE HDI AND THE MHDI
Human development The Human Development ABILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Human development is the process of Index (HDI)

amplifying the individual liberty of people The concept of human development, Culture
in relation to their abilities and the
as well as its measurement, the Participation Policy
opportunities available to them, so they
Human Development Index (HDI) were
can choose the life they desire to have.
presented in 1990 in the first Human
Economy Education
The process of expanding these liberties Development Report by the United
includes the social, economic, political Nations Development Programme
and environmental dynamics necessary to
(UNDP), idealized by the Pakistani
guarantee a variety of opportunities to people, as Laws Community
economist Mahbub ul Haq, with the
well as the environment necessary for each to fully
help of economist Amartya Sen.
exercise their potential.
As such, human development should be centered on The popularization of the human Environment Health
people and the increase of their welfare, understood not as development approach came with
the accumulation of wealth or an increase in income, but as the the creation and adoption of the
broadening of their scope of choices and the liberty to choose. Within HDI as the measure of the degree of THREE DIMENSIONS
this approach, income and wealth are not ends in themselves, but means for people to live the human development in a country,
life they desire. an alternative to the Gross Domestic
The economic growth of a society does not automatically translate into quality of life. Many times Product (GDP), used up to that time as
what can be seen is a strengthening of inequality. It is necessary that this growth be transformed the measure of development.
into concrete conquests for people: healthier children, universal quality education, increase in
The HDI combines three of the most Long and healthy life Access to knowledge Standard of living
political participation by the population, environmental preservation, balance of income and
equal opportunities for all, greater freedom of expression and more. As such, by placing people important requisites for the expansion
at the center of the welfare analysis, the human development approach redefines the way we of personal liberty: the opportunity to live a long, healthy life – health; the access to knowledge
think and deal with development – local, national and international. – education; and the ability to enjoy a respectable standard of living – income.
If the abilities of people are restricted, so will be their opportunities. If a Brazilian young person The HDI caused great repercussions worldwide due mainly to its simplicity, ease of understanding
has little access to the educational system, they cease to learn to read and write, participate less and by the holistic and comprehensive way it measured development.
in the decision processes surrounding them, know less regarding their reality, have fewer job
opportunities and demand less of their rights. Their list of choices is limited and, consequently, Transforming the complexity of the three important dimensions into one number, the HDI became
their abilities cannot be fully exercised. In the same way, if a Brazilian young person gets sick a means to understand and stimulate ample discussion and consideration of the meaning of
and does not receive adequate treatment, their ability to study or work can be impacted, or their human development to society.
life expectancy and the things they could be and do could even be limited. This is why it is so
important to look at the citizen as a whole.
12
The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI)
The three dimensions of the HDI In 2012, UNDP Brazil, Ipea and the João Pinheiro Foundation assumed the challenge to adapt
In its classic formulation, the HDI is composed of three indicators that represent the opportunity the Global HDI methodology to calculate the Municipal HDI (MHDI) for the 5,565 Brazilian
for society to live long, healthy lives, have access to knowledge and possess control over their municipalities. This calculation was performed based on information from the last three IBGE
resources in such a way as to guarantee a respectable standard of living. By means of the first Demographic Census – 1991, 2000 and 2010, according to the municipal mesh existent in
2010. This last requirement demanded, for intertemporal comparability, the detailed work of
two dimensions, the achievement of well-being is evaluated as a standard of living that is the
harmonizing the municipal meshes from 1991 and 2000 to that of 2010. After the MHDI of
result of the free and informed choices based on accumulated abilities and knowledge. The
the Brazilian municipalities, the three institutions assumed the new challenge of calculating the
control of resources shows if the process occurred without the privation of basic needs, such as
MHDI at the intra-municipal level for the Metropolitan Regions in the country, this time for the
water, food and shelter.
Human Development Units (HDU) (Unidades de Desenvolvimento Humano – UDH).
The Brazilian MHDI considers the same three dimensions of the Global HDI – longevity, education
and income – but goes beyond: it adapts the global methodology to the Brazilian context and the
availability of national indicators. Even though it measures the same phenomenon, the indicators
Long and Healthy Life (longevity) Access to knowledge (education) Standard of living taken into account in the MHDI are more adequate to evaluate the development of Brazilian
Having a long, healthy life is Access to knowledge is a critical Income is essential for access to basic municipalities and metropolitan regions.
fundamental to having a full life. determinant for well-being and needs, such as water, food and shelter,
Promoting human development is essential for the exercise of as well as being able to transcend As such, the MHDI – including its three components, MHDI longevity, MHDI education and MHDI
requires increased opportunities individual liberties, autonomy these needs in direction of a life of income – tells a little about the story of the municipalities, states and Metropolitan Regions in
for people to avoid premature and self-esteem. Education is genuine choices and the exercise of three important human development dimensions during the last two decades of Brazilian history.
death, that they be guaranteed fundamental to expand the abilities liberty. Income is the means for a
a healthy environment, with of people so they can decide their series of ends, allows for available The Brazil Human Development Atlas also makes available, beyond these indexes, more than 200
access to quality health so as to future. Education builds confidence, alternatives and its absence can limit
socioeconomic indicators that better qualify and amplify the analysis of human development in
attain the highest standard of confers dignity and broadens opportunities in life. In education, it is
physical and emotional health horizons and life perspectives. a combination of two variables – the municipalities and Metropolitan Regions of the country.
possible. In health, the variable With income, the variable is the average years of study for the
is life expectancy at birth. per capita Gross National Income. population of 25 years and older and
years expected to be able to study. Global HDI
In the 2014 Human Development Report, UNDP presented the HDI for 187 countries and territories.
The methodology applied in 2014 for the Global HDI considers four variables:
Adapting the HDI

Adaptation of the HDI to sub-national levels has been practiced in several countries with a view In health, the variable is life In education, it is a combination In income, the variable is the
to adjust the Global HDI methodology to the national context. The United Nations Development expectancy at birth. of two variables – average years of per capita Gross National Income.
Programme encourages countries to design national HDIs that use the indicators most study for the population of 25 years
and older and years expected to be
appropriate to their needs. Countries are invited to innovate, substitute or add new dimensions able to study.
to the Global HDI components to apply to sub-national HDIs. Some specific HDI indicators have
already been altered, such as political freedom, environment, security and work, among others. In the Global HDI for the 2014 HDR the three dimensions have the same weight and the human development ranges
Gambia, Argentina, China, South Africa and Latvia are among the countries that have adapted are fixed, being: Low Human Development – less than 0.550; Medium Human Development – between 0.550 and
0.699; High Human Development – between 0.700 and 0.799; and Very High Human Development – above 0.800.
the HDI. In Brazil, this adaptation has occurred since 1998.
13
How to Read the MHDI How the MHDI is calculated

The MHDI is a number that varies between 0 and 1. The closer to 1, the greater the human
Long and Access to Standard
development in a state, municipality, metropolitan region or HDU. healthy life knowledge of living
MHDI Categories
0 0,499 | 0,500 0,599 | 0,600 0,699 | 0,700 0,799 | 0,800 1
Very low Low Medium High Very high Life expectancy Educational Educational Income
at birth level of adult flow of per capita Even though inspired by the Global
population young people
Human Development Index, the MHDI
History of the MHDI possesses adjustments to better address
In 1998, Brazil was one of the pioneer countries to adapt and calculate the subnational HDI Brazilian reality, adapting itself to the
for all Brazilian municipalities, based on data from the Demographic Census, creating the census databases and characteristics
Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI). In 2003, a new edition brought a historical series innate to the country. As such, no type of
from 1991 to 2000 for the entire country. GEOMETRIC MEAN comparison between the MHDI of a state,
Cube root of the multiplication of
the 2 sub-indices of weights 1 and 2
Metropolitan Region or municipality and
The MHDI was amply promoted and used by managers, decision makers, policy makers and a country is possible, for example.
developers of initiatives directed toward human development, both in the private and public
sectors. The index is today a national reference for the Brazilian society. It is one of the The construction of the methodology
greatest success stories in the world in the application and dissemination of the HDI at the for the MHDI had as its objective
subnational level. MHDI MHDI MHDI
the adaptation of the Global HDI
Longevity Education Income methodology to:
Why the MHDI is important • Adjust the methodology to the

Brazilian context, seeking indicators
that were more adequate to evaluate
conditions in smaller social nuclei;
GEOMETRIC MEAN
Cube root of the multiplication
Counterpoint to the GDP Comparison between municipalities A stimulus to improvement ofthe 3 MHDIs • Adapt the Global HDI to the
The MHDI popularized the concept In synthesizing the complex reality The MHDI ranking stimulates information available from the
of development centered on people into a single number, the MHDI public policy formulators and Brazilian demographic census, in
and not the vision that development and its three components made implementers at the municipal
such a way as to guarantee, by
is limited to economic growth. possible the comparison between level to prioritize the life
Brazilian municipalities over time. improvement of people by means using a single source of data, the
of their actions and decisions. comparability between the states,
municipalities, Metropolitan Regions
and Human Development Regions.
14
Long and Healthy Life Access to Knowledge Standard of living
Life expectancy is measured, Give a weight of 1 to the educational level of the This is measured by the
calculated per indirect method, adult population, measured by the percentage of per capita income, in other
based on data from the people 18 years and older who have completed words, by the average
demographic census performed grade school. Assign a weight of 2 to the income of residents in that
by the Brazilian Institute of adjustment of educational flow of the younger locality. It is the sum of
Geography and Statistics (IBGE). population, with a mathematical average of the the income of all residents,
This indicator shows the average percentage of children of 5 and 6 attending divided by the number of
life expectancy of a person born school, the percentage of youth from 11 to 13 residents, including those
in a given location, maintaining in the final years of grade school, the percentage with no registered income.
the same standards of mortality. of youth between 15 and 17 with grade school Data is taken from the IBGE
complete and the percentage of youth between demographic census.
18 and 20 with secondary education complete.
The geometric average of these two components
results in the Education MHDI. Data is taken
from the IBGE demographic census.
15
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Belem
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 1,973,259 (31.9% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 6.4 billion (42.3% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 553.38 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0.621
Education MHDI: 0.474
Longevity MHDI: 0.752
Income MHDI: 0.672
The MHDI in
the Belem
Metropolitan SANTA BÁRBARA DO PARÁ
Region CASTANHAL
ANANINDEUA
BELÉM BENEVIDES
SANTA ISABEL DO PARÁ
MARITUBA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
18
2010
Population: 2.275.032 (30% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 17,9 billion (31,7% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 638,01 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,729
Education MHDI: 0,656
Longevity MHDI: 0,817
Income MHDI: 0,722
The MHDI in
the Belem
SANTA BÁRBARA DO PARÁ
Metropolitan
CASTANHAL
Region
ANANINDEUA
BELÉM BENEVIDES
SANTA ISABEL DO PARÁ
MARITUBA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
19
Belem MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Belem MR

Created in 1973 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 14/73, the Belem Metropolitan Region In 2000, 11% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Belem MR were in the Very
(MR) is composed of seven municipalities and covers an area of 3,566 km². High Human Development range, while 22% were in the High Human Development range.
In 2010 these proportions corresponded, respectively, to 35% and 23%. In the same
In 2010, the Belem MR had a degree of urbanization of 96.1%. A little less than 1/3 of the
period, the percentage of HDUs in the Low Human Development range fell from 31% to
state population resided in the MR. In 2010 the MR nucleus-municipality answered for 60% of
4% and the percentage of HDUs in the Very Low Human Development range fell from 15%
the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Belem MR between 2000
to 0%, as shown in Graph 2.
and 2010 was 1.62 % per year.
Graph 2: distribution of the HDUs according to the 2000/2010 MHDI range
The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) in the MR 2000 2010
In 2000, the Belem MR presented a MHDI of 0.621 and was situated in the Medium Human 21% 23%
31%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.729, moving up to the 22%
38%
35%
High Human Development range.
15% 11%
4%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.474 and increased to 0.656 in 2010. The Longevity
Very low Low Medium High Very high
MHDI was 0.752 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.817. The Income MHDI was 0.672 and
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
increased to 0.722.
Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the
human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.182. Below is the contribution of the
HDUs that presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Belem MR for 2000 and 2010.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI
The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence
2000 2010
of the retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
Graph 3: 2000/2010 MHDI distribution

30%
25% 33%
35% 1,000
0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
37%
0,600
40%
0,500
0,400
Longevity Education Income 0,300
0 50 100 150 200 250
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. HDU
2000 2010
20
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Belem MR and other metropolitan
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Belem MR, one can note that a
municipalities identified on the graph as vicinities.
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR urban
nuclei, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the eastern and Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
western portions of the Metropolitan Region. The HDUs that correspond to the lower human
2000 2010
development ranges are concentrated in the municipalities of Santa Isabel do Pará, Marituba 1,00
and Castanhal, besides the capital, Belem. 0,90
0,80
In considering the 2010 MHDI, one sees the same standard of concentration as in 2000 for the
0,70
HDUs with higher MHDI values. The lowest MHDI values are concentrated in HDUs located on
MHDI
the outskirts of the Belem MR, concentrating in the municipalities of Belem and Castanhal. 0,60
0,50
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Belem MR. In the 0,40
period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or 0,30
Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number Vicinities Belem Vicinities Belem
of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU performance in the Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Belem MR improved during that period.
In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.460 and 0.899,
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.558 and 0.759. In 2010, the MHDI varied
120 between 0.573 and 0.947 , in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of
the HDUs presented indexes between 0.683 and 0.881. There was, thus, a reduction in the
100
total data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
80
Frequency
60 In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
0.513 and 0.666. In 2010, this interval was between 0.635 and 0.792. In these municipalities,
40
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.400 and 0.790, while in 2010 it varied between 0.542 and
20
0.885. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
0 with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
2000 2010
occurred in the Jaderlândia: Rouxinol (Castanhal/PA) HDU, with amplitude of 0.213, while for
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. the nucleus-municipality, the Parque Guajará: Tocantins HDU presented the greatest growth
with an increase of 0.163. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an
evolution of 0.116. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000 the average for
Inequality in the Belem MR
the vicinities presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Belem MR, in absolute to 0.139. The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was municipalities than among the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
0.499, which fell to 0.405 in 2010.
21
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Belem MR (2010)
SANTA BÁRBARA DO PARÁ
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI

HDU MHDI-L
CASTANHAL Batista Campos: Tv. Padre Eutíquio (Praça Batista
0,935
Campos)
Marco: Edifício Torre de Arua / Edifício San Diego / Tv.
0, 935
Timbó
BELÉM ANANINDEUA Nazaré: Av. Governador Magalhães Barata 0, 935

BENEVIDES
Parque Verde: Condomínio Greenville II / Condomínio

0, 935
SANTA ISABEL DO PARÁ Boulevard Montenegro
Reduto: Rua Tiradentes / Tv. Benjamim Constant 0, 935
MARITUBA
HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI
HDU MHDI-L
Setor Rural (Agrovilas) 0,717

HDUs with highest Education MHDI
HDU MHDI-E
HDUs with highest MHDI Batista Campos: Tv. Padre Eutíquio (Praça Batista
0,907
Campos)
HDU MHDI Marco: Edifício Torre de Arua / Edifício San Diego / Tv.
0,907
Batista Campos: Tv. Padre Eutíquio (Praça Batista Timbó
0,947
Campos) Nazaré: Av. Governador Magalhães Barata 0,907
Marco: Edifício Torre de Arua / Edifício San Diego / Tv.
0,947 Parque Verde: Condomínio Greenville II / Condomínio
Timbó 0,907
Boulevard Montenegro
MHDI Nazaré: Av. Governador Magalhães Barata 0,947
Reduto: Rua Tiradentes / Tv. Benjamim Constant 0,907
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,638 Parque Verde: Condomínio Greenville II / Condomínio
0,947 HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
Boulevard Montenegro
2nd Quintile • 0,639 - 0,695
Reduto: Rua Tiradentes / Tv. Benjamim Constant 0,947 HDU MHDI-E
3rd Quintile • 0,696 - 0,758
HDUs with lowest MHDI Setor Rural (Agrovilas) 0,404
4th Quintile • 0,759 - 0,828 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
HDU MHDI
5th Quintile • 0,829 - 1,000 HDU MHDI-R
Águas Lindas: Jardim Nova Vida 0,573
Batista Campos: Tv. Padre Eutíquio (Praça Batista
Brasília 0,573 1,000
Campos)
Condor: (Canal da 3 de Maio) 0,573 Marco: Edifício Torre de Arua / Edifício San Diego / Tv.
1,000
Timbó
Cotijuba: Vila 0,573
Nazaré: Av. Governador Magalhães Barata 1,000
Mosqueiro: Área Rural 0,573 Parque Verde: Condomínio Greenville II / Condomínio
The quintiles refer to the pooling of data in five equal parts, Boulevard Montenegro
1,000
Outeiro: Área Rural 0,573
so that each sampling comprises 20% of the data. Reduto: Rua Tiradentes / Tv. Benjamim Constant 1,000
Jaderlândia: Rua Dr. Laureno Francisco Alves de Melo 0,570
HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Santa Catarina / Jaderlândia / Salgadinho: Rua Santa
0,570 HDU MHDI-R
Catarina
Setor Rural (Agrovilas) 0,542 Setor Rural (Agrovilas) 0,551
22
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Belo Horizonte
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 4.357.942 (24,3% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 33,713 billion (31,7% of the total
for the state)
BALDIM
MHDI: 0,682
Income MHDI: 0,737 JABOTICATUBAS
The MHDI in the

MATOZINHOS
CAPIM BRANCO
Belo Horizonte PEDRO

LEOPOLDO CONFINS
LAGOA SANTA
TAQUARAÇU
DE MINAS
Metropolitan
NOVA UNIÃO
SÃO JOSÉ
DA LAPA
ESMERALDAS
VESPASIANO SANTA LUZIA
Region RIBEIRÃO DAS NEVES
FLORESTAL CAETÉ
CONTAGEM
BELO SABARÁ
HORIZONTE
BETIM
JUATUBA
RAPOSOS
MATEUS LEME
IBIRITÉ
IGARAPÉ SÃO JOAQUIM SARZEDO
DE BICAS MÁRIO NOVA LIMA
CAMPOS
RIO ACIMA
BRUMADINHO
MHDI
ITATIAIUÇU
Very High
High RIO MANSO
Medium
Low
ITAGUARA
Very Low
24
2010
for the state)
GDP: R$ 120,833 billion (34,4% of the
total for the state)
BALDIM
MHDI: 0,774
JABOTICATUBAS
Income MHDI: 0,788
MATOZINHOS
CAPIM BRANCO
The MHDI in the
PEDRO
LEOPOLDO CONFINS
LAGOA SANTA
TAQUARAÇU
DE MINAS
Belo Horizonte
Metropolitan
NOVA UNIÃO
SÃO JOSÉ
DA LAPA
ESMERALDAS
Region
RIBEIRÃO DAS NEVES
FLORESTAL CAETÉ
CONTAGEM
BELO SABARÁ
HORIZONTE
BETIM
JUATUBA
RAPOSOS
MATEUS LEME
IBIRITÉ
IGARAPÉ SÃO JOAQUIM SARZEDO
DE BICAS MÁRIO NOVA LIMA
CAMPOS
RIO ACIMA
BRUMADINHO
ITATIAIUÇU
MHDI
Very High
RIO MANSO
High
Medium
Low
ITAGUARA
Very Low
25
Belo Horizonte MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Belo Horizonte MR

Created in 1973 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 14/73, the Belo Horizonte Metropolitan In 2000, 8% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Belo Horizonte MR were in the
Region (MR) is composed of 34 municipalities and covers an area of 9,473 km². Very High Human Development range, while 16% were in the High Human Development range.
In 2010 these proportions corresponded, respectively, to 24% and 32%. In the same period,
In 2010, the Belo Horizonte MR had a degree of urbanization of 98.1%. Nearly 1/4 of the state
the percentage of HDUs in the Low Human Development range fell from 38% to 1% and the
population resided in the MR. In 2010 the MR nucleus-municipality answered for 48% of the
percentage of HDUs in the Very Low Human Development range fell from 6% to 0%,
metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Belo Horizonte MR between
as shown in Graph 2.
2000 and 2010 was 1.15% per year.
In 2000, the Belo Horizonte MR presented a MHDI of 0.682 and was situated in the Medium 33% 32%
43%
Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.774, moving up 38%
16%
24%
to the High Human Development range.
6% 8%
1%
increased to 0.788.
human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Belo Horizonte MR for 2000 and 2010.
The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
2000 2010
retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.

30%
26% 34% 1,000
36%
0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
36% 0,600
38%
0,500
0,400
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
2000 2010
26
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Belo Horizonte MR and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Belo Horizonte MR, one can note
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as vicinities.
that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR
urban nuclei, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the vicinities Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
of the Metropolitan Region. The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human Development
2000 2010
ranges are in the municipalities of Esmeraldas, Santa Luiza and Caeté. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value expand
0,80
southwards and to the middle-west area of the Metropolitan Region. The lowest MHDI values,
0,70
in turn, are found in the HDUs located in the vicinities of the Belo Horizonte MR, concentrated
MHDI
0,60
in the municipality of Santa Luzia.
0,50
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Belo Horizonte 0,40
MR. In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs 0,30
with a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase Vicinities Belo Horizonte Vicinities Belo Horizonte
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
performance in the Belo Horizonte MR improved during that period.
120
between 0.617 and 0.955, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of the
HDUs presented indexes between 0.676 and 0.814. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
100
data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
80
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
Frequency
60
40
20
2000 2010
occurred in the Laranjeiras Especial HDU (Betim/MG) with amplitude of 0.206 while to the
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. nucleus-municipality the Maria Tereza / Monte Azul HDU presented the greatest growth with
an increase of 0.171. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution
of 0.094. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities
Inequality in the Belo Horizonte MR
presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.104.
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Belo Horizonte MR, in The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced more in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
absolute terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it than among the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
was 0.460, which fell to 0.358 in 2010.
27
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Belo Horizonte RM (2010)
HDUs with highest MHDI HDUs with highest Education MHDI

HDU MHDI HDU MHDI-E
MHDI Santo Agostinho / Lourdes 0,955 Santo Agostinho / Lourdes 0,920
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,657 Savassi: Boa Viagem / Funcionários 0,954 HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
BALDIM
2nd Quintile • 0,658 - 0,691 Belvedere 0,951 HDU MHDI-E
3rd Quintile • 0,692 - 0,746 Club Retiro das Pedras: Retiro das Pedras 0,951 Ribeirão das Neves: Jardim Colonial 0,469
Condomínio Alphaville 0,951 Vila Bom Jesus / Bairro Florença: Área Especial 0,469
4th Quintile • 0,747 - 0,821
Cruzeiro / Comiteco 0,951 Vila Braúnas: Urca / Vale das Cerejeiras Especial 0,469
5th Quintile • 0,822 - 1,000
JABOTICATUBAS Mangabeiras / Parque das Mangabeiras 0,951 Vila Hortinha: Entorno da Penitenciária Jovem 0,469
Morro do Chapéu 0,951 Vila Hortinha: Espinheiro / Expansão de Menezes 0,469
MATOZINHOS Piedade do Paraopeba: Retiro do Chalé 0,951 Vila Hortinha: Penitenciária Dutra Ladeira / Entorno Rural 0,469
CAPIM BRANCO
Serra do Curral: Serra Del Rey / Expansão da Zona Sul 0,951 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
HDUs with lowest MHDI HDU MHDI-R
TAQUARAÇU
PEDRO
CONFINS
DE MINAS HDU MHDI Belvedere 1,000
LEOPOLDO
LAGOA SANTA
SÃO JOSÉ
NOVA UNIÃO Vila Baronesa / Av. Oceania: Vila das Acácias 0,597 Carmo / Sion 1,000
DA LAPA
ESMERALDAS
Vila Bom Destino: Loteamento Bom Destino 0,597 Cidade Jardim / Santa Lúcia / São Bento 1,000
Vila das Antenas: Conjunto Palmital / Av. João Batista Club Retiro das Pedras: Retiro das Pedras 1,000
RIBEIRÃO DAS NEVES 0,597
Lima / Av. Inácio de Loiola Oliveira
Condomínio Alphaville 1,000
Vila Ferraz: Vila dos Dragões 0,597
Cruzeiro / Comiteco 1,000
FLORESTAL CAETÉ Vila Ferraz: Zona Rural de Santa Luzia / Angu Duro 0,597
CONTAGEM
BELO SABARÁ
Mangabeiras / Parque das Mangabeiras 1,000
HORIZONTE Vila Morro Alto: São Cosme 0,597
Morro do Chapéu 1,000
JUATUBA
BETIM
Vila Nova Esperança: Caldeirão / Nova Conquista 0,597
Piedade do Paraopeba: Retiro do Chalé 1,000
RAPOSOS
Vila Serra Pelada / Rua Líbano: Vila Baronesal 0,597
Santo Agostinho / Lourdes 1,000
MATEUS LEME
IGARAPÉ SÃO JOAQUIM
IBIRITÉ Santo Antônio / São Pedro 1,000
SARZEDO
DE BICAS MÁRIO NOVA LIMA HDU MHDI-L
CAMPOS
Savassi : Boa Viagem / Funcionários 1,000
RIO ACIMA
Belvedere 0,951
Serra do Curral: Serra Del Rey / Expansão da Zona Sul 1,000
Club Retiro das Pedras: Retiro das Pedras 0,951
BRUMADINHO
UDHs com menor IDHM Renda
Condomínio Alphaville 0,951
ITATIAIUÇU HDU MHDI-R
Mangabeiras / Parque das Mangabeiras 0,951
Vila Baronesa / Av. Oceania: Vila das Acácias 0,608
RIO MANSO
Morro do Chapéu 0,951
Vila Bom Destino: Loteamento Bom Destino 0,608
Piedade do Paraopeba: Retiro do Chalé 0,951
Vila das Antenas: Conjunto Palmital / Av. João Batista
0, 608
Serra do Curral: Serra Del Rey / Expansão da Zona Sul 0,951 Lima / Av. Inácio de Loiola Oliveira
ITAGUARA
HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI Vila Ferraz: Vila dos Dragões 0, 608
HDU MHDI-L Vila Ferraz: Zona Rural de Santa Luzia / Angu Duro 0, 608
Vila Baronesa / Av. Oceania: Vila das Acácias 0,736 Vila Morro Alto: São Cosme 0, 608
Vila Bom Destino: Loteamento Bom Destino 0,736 Vila Nova Esperança: Caldeirão / Nova Conquista 0, 608
Vila das Antenas: Conjunto Palmital / Av. João Batista Vila Serra Pelada / Rua Líbano: Vila Baronesal 0, 608
0,736
Lima / Av. Inácio de Loiola Oliveira
Vila Ferraz: Vila dos Dragões 0,736
Vila Ferraz: Zona Rural de Santa Luzia / Angu Duro 0,736
The quintiles refer to the pooling of data in five equal parts, Vila Morro Alto: São Cosme 0,736
Vila Nova Esperança: Caldeirão / Nova Conquista 0,736
so that each sampling comprises 20% of the data.
Vila Serra Pelada / Rua Líbano: Vila Baronesal 0,736
28
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Cuiaba River Valley

Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 726.220 (29,8% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 4,57 billion (34% of the total for
the state)
MHDI: 0,668 CUIABÁ

VÁRZEA GRANDE
Income MHDI: 0,729
The MHDI in the NOSSA SENHORA DO LIVRAMENTO
Cuiaba River Valley

Metropolitan Region
SANTO ANTÔNIO DO LEVERGER
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
30
2010
Population: 833.766 (27,5% of the total
for the state)
the state)
CUIABÁ MHDI: 0,767
VÁRZEA GRANDE
Income MHDI: 0,773
NOSSA SENHORA DO LIVRAMENTO
The MHDI in the

Cuiaba River Valley
Metropolitan Region
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
31
Cuiaba River Valley MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Cuiaba River Valley MR
Created in 1973 by State Complementary Law Nº 359/09, the Cuiaba River Valley Metropolitan In 2000, 15% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Cuiaba River Valley MR were in
Region (MR) is composed of four municipalities and covers an area of 21,545 km². the Very High Human Development range, while 24% were in the High Human Development
range. In 2010 these proportions corresponded, respectively, to 36% and 36%. In that same
In 2010, the Cuiaba River Valley MR had a degree of urbanization of 96%. Nearly 27% of the
period the percentage of HDUs in the Low and Very Low Human Development ranges fell
state population resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, Cuiaba, answered
from 27% and 6%, respectively, to 0% in both cases and there was no HDU in those ranges
for 66% of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Cuiaba River
in 2010, as shown in Graph 2.
Valley MR between 2000 and 2010 was 1.39% per year.
In 2000, the Cuiaba River Valley Metropolitan Region (MR) presented a MHDI of 0.668 and was
28% 36%
situated in the Medium Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a 24%
MHDI of 0.767, moving up to the High Human Development range. 27% 36%
28%
15%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.533 and increased to 0.700 in 2010. The Longevity 6%
MHDI was 0.766 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.834. The Income MHDI was 0.729 and Very low Low Medium High Very high
increased to 0.773. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest Human
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0,167. Below is the contribution of the Development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Cuiaba River Valley MR for 2000 and
2000 2010 2010. The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence
26%
30% Graph 3: 2000/2010 MHDI distribution
36% 34%
1,000
0,900
0,800
38% 36% 0,700
MHDI
0,600
0,500
0,300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
HDU
2000 2010
32
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the MR, Cuiaba, and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Cuiaba River Valley MR, one can
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
note that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the urban nuclei,
while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is spread all over the Metropolitan Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
Region. The HDUs correspondent to the lowest human development ranges are in the 2000 2010
municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in
0,80
the nucleus-municipality of the MR. On the other hand, the lowest MHDI values are in the
0,70
MHDI
HDUs in the vicinities of the Cuiaba River Valley MR, spread all over the MR municipalities.
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Cuiaba River 0,50
Valley MR. In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs 0,40
with a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase 0,30
Vicinities Cuiabá Vicinities Cuiabá
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU
performance in the Cuiaba River Valley MR improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.485 and 0.895,
when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.625 and 0.781. In 2010, the MHDI varied
60
50
40
Frequency
30
20
10
0 0.858. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
2000 2010 The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. occurred in the Parque São João and São Gonçalo / Beira Rio Cuiaba / Vg (Várzea Grande/
MT) HDUs with amplitude of 0.189 while to the nucleus-municipality the Jardim Vitória
and Altos da Serra I / COHAB Nova / Dr. Fabio Leite / Jardim Santa Amália / Residencial Lagoa
Inequality in the Cuiaba River Valley MR Azul HDUs presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.179. The average MHDI
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Cuiaba River Valley MR, in values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.101. Even though beginning with
absolute terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities presented greater evolution than
was 0.431, which fell to 0.325 in 2010. that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.130. The amplitude for the set of HDUs
reduced more in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the
metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
33
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Cuiaba River Valley MR (2010)
HDUs with highest MHDI HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI

MHDI UDH IDHM UDH IDHM-L
Alvorada (Havan) 0,947 Área de Expansão Urbana Região Leste: Central de
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,680 0,741
Transmissão Rede Cemat
Araés / Consil 0,947
2nd Quintile • 0,681 - 0,723 Área Rural Norte 0,741
Boa Esperança / UFMT 0,947
3rd Quintile • 0,724 - 0,795 Campo Verde (Kartódromo) 0,741
Bosque da Saúde (Shopping Pantanal) 0,947
4th Quintile • 0,796 - 0,853 Osmar Cabral 0,741
Centro Político Administrativo 0,947
Praeirinho 0,741
5th Quintile • 0,854 - 1,000 Jardim Bela Marina / Jardim California / Jardim Shangri-lá 0,947
Jardim das Américas: Shopping Três Américas 0,947
UDH IDHM-E
Jardim das Américas III Etapa 0,947 Alvorada (Havan) 0,904
Jardim Itália 0,947 Araés / Consil 0,904
HDUs with lowest MHDI
CUIABÁ UDH IDHM
Área de Expansão Urbana Região Leste: Central de
0,622
VÁRZEA GRANDE
Transmissão Rede Cemat Centro Político Administrativo 0,904
Área Rural Norte 0,622 Jardim Bela Marina / Jardim California / Jardim Shangri-lá 0,904
Campo Verde (Kartódromo) 0,622 Jardim das Américas: Shopping Três Américas 0,904
Osmar Cabral 0,622 Jardim das Américas III Etapa 0,904
Praeirinho 0,622 Jardim Itália 0,904
NOSSA SENHORA DO LIVRAMENTO
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
UDH IDHM-L UDH IDHM-E
Alvorada (Havan) 0,939 Área de Expansão Urbana Região Leste: Central de
0,522
Transmissão Rede Cemat
Araés / Consil 0,939
Área Rural Norte 0,522
Campo Verde (Kartódromo) 0,522
Osmar Cabral 0,522
Praeirinho 0,522
Jardim Bela Marina / Jardim California / Jardim Shangri-lá 0,939
UDH IDHM-R
Jardim das Américas III Etapa 0,939 Alvorada (Havan) 1,000
Jardim Itália 0,939 Araés / Consil 1,000
Jardim Bela Marina / Jardim California / Jardim Shangri-lá 1,000
Jardim das Américas III Etapa 1,000
The quintiles refer to the
Jardim Itália 1,000
pooling of data in five equal HDUs with highest Income MHDI
UDH IDHM-R
parts, so that each sampling
Área Rural Sudoeste (MT 070) 0,600
comprises 20% of the data.
34
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Curitiba
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
the state)
DOUTOR ULYSSES

MHDI: 0,698
Education MHDI: 0,565 ADRIANÓPOLIS

Income MHDI: 0,759
CERRO AZUL
TUNAS DO PARANÁ
The MHDI in CAMPINA GRANDE DO SUL
the Curitiba
RIO BRANCO DO SUL
BOCAIÚVA DO SUL
ITAPERUÇU
Metropolitan CAMPO LARGO

CAMPO MAGRO
ALMIRANTE
Region
TAMANDARÉ COLOMBO
QUATRO BARRAS
PINHAIS
CURITIBA
PIRAQUARA
BALSA NOVA
ARAUCÁRIA
SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS

FAZENDA
RIO GRANDE
CONTENDA
LAPA
MANDIRITUBA
MHDI
TIJUCAS DO SUL
Very High QUITANDINHA
High CAMPO DO TENENTE
Medium AGUDOS DO SUL
Low
RIO NEGRO PIÉN
Very Low
36
2010
for the state)
the state)
DOUTOR ULYSSES

MHDI: 0,783
ADRIANÓPOLIS Education MHDI: 0,701
Income MHDI: 0,803
CERRO AZUL
TUNAS DO PARANÁ
CAMPINA GRANDE DO SUL

The MHDI in
the Curitiba
RIO BRANCO DO SUL
BOCAIÚVA DO SUL
ITAPERUÇU
CAMPO LARGO
CAMPO MAGRO
ALMIRANTE
Metropolitan
Region
TAMANDARÉ COLOMBO
QUATRO BARRAS
PINHAIS
CURITIBA
PIRAQUARA
BALSA NOVA
ARAUCÁRIA
SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS

FAZENDA
RIO GRANDE
CONTENDA
LAPA
MANDIRITUBA
MHDI
TIJUCAS DO SUL
QUITANDINHA
Very High
CAMPO DO TENENTE High
AGUDOS DO SUL Medium

Low
RIO NEGRO PIÉN
Very Low
37
Curitiba MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Curitiba MR

Created in 1973 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 14/73, the Curitiba Metropolitan Region In 2000, 8% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Curitiba MR were in the Very
(MR) is composed of 29 municipalities and covers an area of 16,582 km². High Human Development range, while 21% were in the High Human Development range.
In 2010, the Curitiba MR had a degree of urbanization of 91.7%. Nearly 31% of the state
population resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, Curitiba, answered for
54% of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Curitiba MR
between 2000 and 2010 was 1.37% per year.
In 2000, the Cuiaba MR presented a MHDI of 0.698 and was situated in the Medium Human 32% 39%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.783, moving up to the 33% 21%
32%
High Human Development range. 26%
6% 8%
2%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.565 and increased to 0.701 in 2010. The Longevity MHDI
was 0.793 and in 2010 corresponded to 0.853. The Income MHDI was 0.759 in 2000 and
increased to 0.803 in 2010.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Curitiba MR for 2000 and 2010.
2000 2010

27% 30%
34% 1,000
36%
0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
37% 36%
0,600
0,500
0,400
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
2000 2010
38
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Curitiba MR, and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Curitiba MR, one can note that a
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR, while
the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the northwestern portion of the Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
Metropolitan Region.
2000 2010
1,00
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with higher MHDI values are in
0,90
the nucleus-municipality surrounding the MR. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are found in the
0,80
HDUs located in the northwest portion of the Curitiba MR, concentrated in the municipalities of
0,70
Rio Branco do Sul, Cerro Azul and Doutor Ulisses.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Curitiba MR. In the 0,50
period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or Very 0,40
Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number of HDUs 0,30
with High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs performance in the Curitiba MR Vicinities Curitiba Vicinities Curitiba
improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
120 when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.606 and 0,797. In 2010, the MHDI varied
between 0.623 and 0.956, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of
100
80
total data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI. In the case of the remaining
Frequency
60 municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between 0.534 and 0.654. In 2010,
40 this interval was between 0.664 and 0.758. In these municipalities, in 2000 the MHDI varied
20
between 0.377 and 0.915, while in 2010 it varied between 0.546 and 0.954. One can note,
in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated with an increase of the
0
MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
2000 2010
The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
occurred in the São dos Rauen (Seminário / Vila Paraná / Center / Est. Nova) (Rio Negro/PR)
HDU with amplitude of 0.185, while to the nucleus-municipality the Cajuru / Uberaba: Apa
do Iguaçu HDU presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.161. The average MHDI
Inequality in the Curitiba MR values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.080. Even though beginning with
a lower standard in 2000, the average for the surrounding area presented greater evolution
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Curitiba MR, in absolute
than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.116. The amplitude for the set of
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was
HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the
0.554, which fell to 0.410 in 2010.
39
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Curitiba MR (2010)
UDH IDHM UDH IDHM-E
Água Verde 0,956 Centro / Rebouças 0,954

MHDI
DOUTOR ULYSSES Cabral / Hugo Lange / Jardim Social 0,954 HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,672
Campo Comprido: Eduardo Sprada 0,954 UDH IDHM-E
2nd Quintile • 0,673 - 0,709
Vista Alegre: Jardim Schaffer 0,954 Doutor Ulysses 0,362
3rd Quintile • 0,710 - 0,758 ADRIANÓPOLIS
Alphaville Graciosa 0,954 HDUs with highest Income MHDI

4th Quintile • 0,759 - 0,825
Recanto (Urbano) 0,954 UDH IDHM-R
5th Quintile • 0,826 - 1,000
CERRO AZUL
TUNAS DO PARANÁ
HDUs with lowest MHDI Água Verde 1,000
UDH IDHM Alphaville Graciosa 1,000
Doutor Ulysses 0,546 Batel / Bigorrilho 1,000

CAMPINA GRANDE DO SUL
ITAPERUÇU
RIO BRANCO DO SUL
BOCAIÚVA DO SUL Cerro Azul 0,573 Cabral / Hugo Lange / Jardim Social 1,000
Campina dos Pintos 0,596 Campo Comprido: Eduardo Sprada 1,000
Jardim Itacuri / Nossa Senhora Fátima 0,596 Recanto (Urbano) 1,000

CAMPO MAGRO
CAMPO LARGO ALMIRANTE
TAMANDARÉ COLOMBO
Planta Francisco Nodari / Jardim do Rocio 0,596 Vista Alegre: Jardim Schaffer 1,000
Tacaniça 0,596 HDUs with highest Income MHDI

QUATRO BARRAS
CURITIBA
PINHAIS HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI UDH IDHM-R
PIRAQUARA UDH IDHM-L Doutor Ulysses 0,570
BALSA NOVA Água Verde 0,941
ARAUCÁRIA
Alphaville Graciosa 0,941
SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS Cabral / Hugo Lange / Jardim Social 0,941
FAZENDA
RIO GRANDE
Campo Comprido: Eduardo Sprada 0,941
CONTENDA
LAPA
Vista Alegre: Jardim Schaffer 0,941
MANDIRITUBA Recanto (Urbano) 0,941
QUITANDINHA
TIJUCAS DO SUL HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI
CAMPO DO TENENTE
UDH IDHM-L
AGUDOS DO SUL Betara 0,736
RIO NEGRO PIÉN Baixo da Lapa / Engenho 0,736
Estados 0,736
Gralha Azul 0,736
Jardim Planalto / Jardim Valença / Botiatuba 0,736
Nações II 0,736
Vila Grécia 0,736
Volta Grande (Vila São Judas Tadeu / Emma / Hones / Fuchs ) 0,736
The quintiles refer to the pooling of data in five equal parts,

40
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Ride-DF
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 2.958.196
GDP: R$ 49,078 billion
MHDI: 0,680
ÁGUA FRIA DE GOIÁS

Longevity MHDI: 0,791 MIMOSO DE GOIÁS
VILA BOA
Income MHDI: 0,769
PLANALTINA
FORMOSA
PADRE BERNARDO
The MHDI in
BURITIS
the Ride-DF
DISTRITO
COCALZINHO DE GOIÁS FEDERAL
ÁGUAS LINDAS
Metropolitan
DE GOIÁS CABECEIRAS
BRASÍLIA
PIRENÓPOLIS
Region
CORUMBÁ DE GOIÁS
VALPARAÍZO CABECEIRA GRANDE

ALEXÂNIA DE GOIÁS
CIDADE
NOVO
SANTO ANTÔNIO OCIDENTAL
GAMA
DO DESCOBERTO
ABADIÂNIA
UNAÍ
LUZIÂNIA
CRISTALINA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
42
2010
Population: 3.724.181
GDP: R$160,213 billion
MHDI: 0,792
ÁGUA FRIA DE GOIÁS

MIMOSO DE GOIÁS
VILA BOA
Income MHDI: 0,826
PLANALTINA
FORMOSA
PADRE BERNARDO
The MHDI in
BURITIS
the Ride-DF
DISTRITO
ÁGUAS LINDAS
Metropolitan
BRASÍLIA
PIRENÓPOLIS
Region
CORUMBÁ DE GOIÁS
VALPARAÍZO CABECEIRA GRANDE

ALEXÂNIA DE GOIÁS
CIDADE
NOVO
SANTO ANTÔNIO OCIDENTAL
GAMA
DO DESCOBERTO
ABADIÂNIA
UNAÍ
LUZIÂNIA
CRISTALINA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
43
Ride-DF Evolution of the MHDI in the Ride-DF

Created in 1998 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 94/98, the Integrated Region of In 2000, 10% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Ride-DF were in the Very
Development of the Federal District and Vicinities (Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento do High Human Development range, while 20% were in the High Human Development range.
Distrito Federal e Entorno - Ride-DF) is composed of 22 municipalities and the Federal District In 2010 these proportions corresponded, respectively, to 35% and 39%. In that same
and covers an area of 56,434 km². period the percentage of HDUs in the Low and Very Low Human Development ranges fell
In 2010, the Ride-DF had a degree of urbanization of 94.1%. In 2010, the Ride municipality
answered for 69% of the population in the region. The rate of population growth for the
Ride-DF between 2000 and 2010 was 2.33% per year. Graph 2: distribution of the HDUs according to the 2000/2010 MHDI range
2000 2010
The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) in the Ride-DF 33% 39%
In 2000, the Ride-DF presented a Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) of 0.680 29%
20%
35%
and was situated in the Medium Human Development range. However, in 2010, the Ride-DF 26%
10%
presented a MHDI of 0.792, moving up to the High Human Development range. 9%

was 0.791 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.857. The Income MHDI was 0.769 and increased
to 0.826. Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Ride-DF for 2000 and 2010. The
attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
2000 2010

1,000
29%
25% 35%
37% 0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
0,600
36%
38% 0,500
0,400
0,300
Longevity Education Income 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
HDU
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 2000 2010
44
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and concentration
of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Ride-DF, Brasilia, and other metropolitan
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Ride-DF, one can note that a large
municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the Ride-DF, while
the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the north portion. The HDUs Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
correspondent to the lowest human development ranges are concentrated in the municipalities 2000 2010
of Vila Boa, Padre Bernardo, Mimoso de Goiás and Água Fria de Goiás. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in the
0,80
vicinities nearest to the Ride-DF. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located in the
0,70
outskirts of the Ride-DF distributed over several municipalities.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Ride-DF. In the 0,50
period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or 0,40
Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number 0,30
Vicinities Brasilia Vicinities Brasilia
of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs performance in the
Ride-DF improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
160
140
120
100 data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
Frequency
80
60
40
20 in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.433 and 0.777, while in 2010 it varied between 0.619 and
Very low Low Medium High Very high with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
occurred in the Setor Oeste / Setor Sul / Setor das Mansões (Planaltina/GO) HDU with amplitude
of 0.222, while to the nucleus-municipality the Gama: Vila DVO presented the greatest growth
with an increase of 0.210. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an
MHDI – Human Development Ranges evolution of 0.125. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for
the vicinities presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Ride-DF, in absolute terms,
to 0.141. The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding
one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.489, which
municipalities than among the HDUs for the nucleus-municipality of the Ride-DF.
fell to 0.341 in 2010.
1. Although Brasilia is not a municipality, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE),
when disseminating the municipal census data, publishes the results for the Federal District as
equivalent to those of the “municipality” of Brasilia.
45
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Ride-DF MR (2010)
HDUs with highest MHDI HDUs with highest Income MHDI

UDH IDHM UDH IDHM-R
Brasília: Asa Norte 0,957 Águas Claras 1,000
Brasília: Asa Norte 1,000
Sudoeste / Octogonal 0,957
Brasília: Asa Sul / Cemitério Campo da Esperança /
Águas Claras 0,956 1,000
ÁGUA FRIA DE GOIÁS Parque da Cidade
Brasília: Ilhas do Lago / Bay Park / Concha Acústica 0,955 Brasília: Ilhas do Lago / Bay Park / Concha Acústica 1,000
VILA BOA
MIMOSO DE GOIÁS
Brasília: Noroeste 0,955 Brasília: Lago Paranoá / Setor de Embaixadas Sul e
Norte / Setor de Clubes Sul e Norte / UNB / SMU /
Brasília: Torre de TV / Setor Hospitalar Sul / Setor SAM / Setor Comercial Norte / Setor Policial Sul / Setor
Comercial Sul / Setor de Diversões Sul / Setor Hoteleiro 0,955 1,000
de Autarquias Sul e Norte / Estádio Nacional Mané
Sul e Norte / Rodoviária Central Garrincha / Ginásio Nilson Nelson / Esplanada dos
PLANALTINA
Lago Sul 0,955 Ministérios / Praça dos Três Poderes
FORMOSA
Brasília: Noroeste 1,000
PADRE BERNARDO HDUs with lowest MHDI
Brasília: Torre de TV / Setor Hospitalar Sul / Setor
UDH IDHM
BURITIS Comercial Sul / Setor de Diversões Sul / Setor Hoteleiro 1,000
Recanto das Emas: Q508 / Q510 / Q511 0,616 Sul e Norte / Rodoviária Central
Samambaia: QR629 0,616 Jardim Botânico: Altiplano Leste / Condomínio Mansões
1,000
DISTRITO São Sebastião: Bairro São Bartolomeu 0,616 Itaipú / Condomínio Quintas da Alvorada
São Sebastião: Bairro Tradicional Rua 26 / Bairro Jardim Botânico: Altiplano Leste Condomínio Privê
0,616 1,000
ÁGUAS LINDAS Tradicional Rua 27 Morada Sul
PIRENÓPOLIS
BRASÍLIA SCIA: Vila Estrutural / Aterro do Lixão 0,616 Jardim Botânico: Condomínio Solar de Brasília /
Sobradinho II: Vila Rabelo 0,616 Condomínio Estância Jardim Botânico / Condomínio
1,000
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI Quintas do Sol / Condomínio Jardins do Lago /
CORUMBÁ DE GOIÁS
Condomínio Ecológico Vilage / Fazenda Taboquinha
UDH IDHM-L
Jardim Botânico: Condomínio Ville Montagne /
Brasília: Ilhas do Lago / Bay Park / Concha Acústica 0,953 1,000
ALEXÂNIA
VALPARAÍZO
DE GOIÁS
CABECEIRA GRANDE Condomínio Solar de Brasília
CIDADE Brasília: Noroeste 0,953
SANTO ANTÔNIO
NOVO
GAMA
OCIDENTAL Jardim Botânico: Setor Habitacional Estrada do Sol 1,000
DO DESCOBERTO
Brasília: Torre de TV / Setor Hospitalar Sul / Setor
ABADIÂNIA Jardim Botânico: Setor Habitacional Estrada do Sol
Comercial Sul / Setor de Diversões Sul / Setor Hoteleiro 0,953
Condomínio Solar da Serra / Setor Habitacional São 1,000
Sul e Norte / Rodoviária Central
Bartolomeu
Lago Sul 0,953
UNAÍ
Lago Norte 1,000
Lago Sul 1,000
UDH IDHM-L
LUZIÂNIA Park Way: SMPW Trecho 1 / SMPW Trecho 2 1,000
SCIA: Vila Estrutural / Aterro do Lixão 0,756
Park Way: SMPW Trecho 3 / Placa das Mercedes 1,000
Samambaia: QR629 0,756
Park Way: SMPW Trecho 3, Quadra 5 1,000
Sobradinho II: Vila Rabelo 0,756
CRISTALINA
Santa Maria: Condomínio San Francisco 1,000
São Sebastião: Bairro São Bartolomeu 0,756
Sobradinho II: Setor Habitacional Grande Colorado
São Sebastião: Bairro Tradicional Rua 26 / Bairro Condomínio Vivendas Colorado / Setor Habitacional
0,756
Tradicional Rua 27 Grande Colorado Condomínio Solar de Atenas / Setor
1,000
Recanto das Emas: Q508 / Q510 / Q511 0,756 Habitacional Grande Colorado Condomínio Vivendas
HDUs with highest Education MHDI Bela Vista / Setor Habitacional Grande Colorado
Condomínio Vivendas Friburgo
UDH IDHM-E
Sudoeste / Octogonal 1,000
Águas Claras 0,936
MHDI HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
UDH IDHM-R
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,669 UDH IDHM-E
Beneditina / Loteamento Santa Mônica / Setor Industrial 0,596
Jardim Paquetá I e II / Jardim das Paineiras / Parque
2nd Quintile • 0,670 - 0,735 Asa Branca / Parque da Gávea Parque Itapuã I e II / 0,481 Rural: São Judas Tadeu / Boa Vista / Strass Burger /
0,596
Brasilinha 14, 16, 17-A e 17-B Santa Rosa / Boa Esperança / Pedra Preta
3rd Quintile • 0,736 - 0,786
Rural: Córrego Rico Sul 0,481
4th Quintile • 0,787 - 0,853 Rural: São Gabriel de Goiás 0,481
5th Quintile • 0,854 - 1,000

46
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Fortaleza
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
for the state)
MHDI: 0,622
Education MHDI: 0,488 SÃO GONÇALO DO AMARANTE

Income MHDI: 0,663
The MHDI in CAUCAIA FORTALEZA
the Fortaleza
Metropolitan
MARACANAÚ EUSÉBIO
Region PACATUBA
AQUIRAZ
ITAITINGA
MARANGUAPE
PINDORETAMA
GUAIÚBA HORIZONTE
PACAJUS
CASCAVEL
MHDI
Very High CHOROZINHO
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
48
2010
for the state)
the state)
MHDI: 0,732
SÃO GONÇALO DO AMARANTE

Income MHDI: 0,716
CAUCAIA FORTALEZA The MHDI in

the Fortaleza
Metropolitan
MARACANAÚ EUSÉBIO
PACATUBA
ITAITINGA
AQUIRAZ Region
MARANGUAPE
PINDORETAMA
GUAIÚBA HORIZONTE
PACAJUS
CASCAVEL
MHDI
CHOROZINHO
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
49
Fortaleza MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Fortaleza MR

Created in 1973 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 14/73, the Metropolitan Region (MR) of In 2000, 4% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Fortaleza MR were in the Very
Fortaleza is composed of 15 municipalities and occupies an area of 5,795 km². High Human Development range, while 18% were in the High Human Development range.
In 2010, the Fortaleza MR had a degree of urbanization of 96%. Nearly 43% of the state
the percentage of HDUs in the Low Human Development range fell from 35% to 9% and the
percentage of HDUs in the Very Low Human Development range fell from 21% to 0%, as
metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Fortaleza MR between 2000
shown in Graph 2.
and 2010 was 1.69% per year.
In 2000, the Fortaleza MR presented a MHDI of 0.622 and was situated in the Medium Human 35%
21% 29%
40%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.732, moving up to the
18%
High Human Development range. 21% 22%
4% 9%
was 0.743 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.814. The Income MHDI was 0.663 and increased
to 0.716.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Fortaleza MR for 2000 and 2010. The
2000 2010

26%
32% 31%
35% 1,000
0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
0,600
39%
37% 0,500
0,400
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
2000 2010
50
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and concentration
of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Fortaleza MR and other metropolitan municipalities
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Fortaleza MR, one can note that a
identified on the graph as vicinities.
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR urban
nuclei, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the vicinities of the Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
Metropolitan Region.
2000 2010
1,00
0,90
the nucleus-municipality of the MR, with slight expansion to the vicinities. The lowest MHDI
0,80
values, in turn, are in the HDUs in different parts of the Fortaleza MR concentrated in the
0,70
municipalities of Caucaia, Aquiraz, Maranguape, Pacajus and Cascavel.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Fortaleza MR. 0,50
In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with 0,40
a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase 0,30
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs Vicinities Fortaleza Vicinities Fortaleza
performance in the Fortaleza MR improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
180 when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.550 and 0.742. In 2010, the MHDI
160 varied between 0.567 and 0.945, in other words, amplitude was smaller in 2000, and half of
140
120
Frequency
100
80
60
40
20 in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.385 and 0.729, which in 2010 varied between 0.568 and
2000 2010
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. occurred in the Antonio Marques / Rural Area and Tanques: Rural Area (Maranguape/CE)
HDUs with amplitude of 0.195 while to the nucleus-municipality the Livreiro Gualter / Vila
União HDU presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.174. The average MHDI
Inequality in the Fortaleza MR
values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.126. Even though beginning with
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Fortaleza MR, in absolute terms, a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities presented greater evolution than
one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.509, which fell that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.143. The amplitude for the set of HDUs
to 0.378 in 2010. expanded more in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the
51
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Fortaleza MR (2010)
HDUs with highest MHDI HDUs with lowest MHDI

UDH IDHM UDH IDHM
Aldeota I 0,945 Bom Princípio 0,569
Meireles I 0,937 Catuana: Área Sul 0,569
Região do Alphaville Eusébio 0,937 São Miguel / Parque das Nações 0,569
Cocó I 0,921 Sítios Novos: Zona Rural 0,569
Aldeota II / Meireles II / Praia de Iracema I 0,915 Tucunduba 0,569
Castro Monte / Pereira Valente / Varjota 0,915 Itaipaba e Pascoal 0,568

Condomínio Cruzeiro do Sul / Parque Iracema 0,915 Sede de Pacajus: Entorno 2 0,568
De Lourdes I 0,915 Conjunto Palmeiras I 0,567
Engenheiro Luciano Cavalcante I 0,915 HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI
Guarapes I 0,915 UDH IDHM-L
Meireles I 0,938
MHDI Região do Alphaville Eusébio 0,938
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,632 CAUCAIA FORTALEZA HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI
2nd Quintile • 0,633 - 0,675 UDH IDHM-L
3rd Quintile • 0,676 - 0,734 Amanari: Zona Rural 0,708
4th Quintile • 0,735 - 0,811 Antonio Marques / Zona Rural 0,708

MARACANAÚ EUSÉBIO
Itapebussu: Zona Rural 0,708
5th Quintile • 0,812 - 1,000
Lagoa do Juvenal 0,708
Manoel Guedes 0,708
PACATUBA Papara 0,708

AQUIRAZ Tanques: Zona Rural 0,708
ITAITINGA Vertentes do Lagedo 0,708
MARANGUAPE HDUs with highest Education MHDI
PINDORETAMA
UDH IDHM-E
Aldeota I 0,901
HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
GUAIÚBA HORIZONTE
UDH IDHM-E
Conjunto Palmeiras I 0,451
PACAJUS UDH IDHM-R
Aldeota I 1,000
CASCAVEL Meireles I 1,000
Região do Alphaville Eusébio 1,000
CHOROZINHO
UDH IDHM-R
Amanari: Zona Rural 0,507
Antonio Marques / Zona Rural 0,507
Itapebussu: Zona Rural 0,507
Lagoa do Juvenal 0,507
so that each sampling comprises 20% of the data. Manoel Guedes 0,507
Papara 0,507
Tanques: Zona Rural 0,507
Vertentes do Lagedo 0,507
52
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Goiania
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
for the state)
Population density: 238,31 inhabit. /km² INHUMAS
MHDI: 0,667
NOVA VENEZA
BRAZABRANTES
Income MHDI: 0,735 NERÓPOLIS
TEREZÓPOLIS DE GOIÁS
CATURAÍ
GOIANIRA SANTO ANTÔ

‘ NIO DE GOIÁS
The MHDI in GOIANÓPOLIS
the Goiania BONFINÓPOLIS
Metropolitan TRINDADE
GOIÂNIA
Region SENADOR CANEDO
CALDAZINHA
ABADIA DE GOIÁS
APARECIDA DE GOIÂNIA
GUAPÓ
ARAGOIÂNIA
BELA VISTA DE GOIÁS
MHDI
HIDROLÂNDIA
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
54
2010
for the state)
GDP: R$35,970 billion (36,8% of the total
for the state)
INHUMAS
MHDI: 0,769
NOVA VENEZA
BRAZABRANTES
NERÓPOLIS Income MHDI: 0,786
CATURAÍ

‘ NIO DE GOIÁS
GOIANÓPOLIS
The MHDI in
BONFINÓPOLIS
the Goiania
TRINDADE
GOIÂNIA
Metropolitan
SENADOR CANEDO
Region
CALDAZINHA
ABADIA DE GOIÁS
APARECIDA DE GOIÂNIA
GUAPÓ
ARAGOIÂNIA
BELA VISTA DE GOIÁS
MHDI
HIDROLÂNDIA
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
55
Goiania MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Goiania MR

Created in 1999 by the State Complementary Law Nº 27/99, the Goiania Metropolitan Region In 2000, 15% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Goiania MR were in the Very
In 2010 these proportions corresponded, respectively, to 42% and 31%. In that same
In 2010, the Goiania MR had a degree of urbanization of 98%. Nearly 1/3 of the state
period the percentage of HDUs in the Low and Very Low Human Development ranges fell
population resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, Goiania, answered for
60% of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Goiania MR
In 2000, the Goiania MR presented a MHDI of 0.667 and was situated in the Medium Human 24% 31%
30%
24%
27%
High Human Development range.
7% 15%
increased to 0.786.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Goiania MR for 2000 and 2010. The
2000 2010

30%
26% 34%
36% 1,000
0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
36%
0,600
38%
0,500
0,400
0 50 100 150 200 250
2000 2010
56
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of Goiania MR, and other metropolitan
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Goiania MR, one can note that a
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR, while
the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the western portion of the MR. Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human Development ranges are in the municipalities of
2000 2010
Trindade and Aparecida de Goiania. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI values expand to
0,80
the north and south portions of the MR. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located
0,70
in the eastern portion of the Goiania MR distributed over several municipalities.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Goiania MR. In the 0,50
Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number of HDUs 0,30
with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU performance in the Goiania MR Vicinities Goiânia Vicinities Goiânia
improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
120 when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.653 and 0.786. In 2010, the MHDI varied
100
80
Frequency
60
40
20
2000 2010
occurred in the Jardim Canedo / Vila Santa Rosa / Bom Sucesso / Vale das Brisas, Jardim Veneza /
Residencial Flor do Ipê / Boa Vista 2 / Parque dos Buritis and Estância Vargem Bonita / Solar das
Inequality in the Goiania MR Auroras HDUs (Senador Canedo/GO) with amplitude of 0.208 while to the nucleus-municipality
the Unidade Territorial de Planejamento São Domingos HDU presented the greatest growth with
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Goiania MR, in absolute an increase of 0.155. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.475, of 0.092. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities
which fell to 0.341 in 2010. presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.143.
The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
than among the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
57
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Goiania MR (2010)
MHDI HDUs with highest MHDI HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,683 UDH IDHM UDH IDHM-L
2nd Quintile • 0,684 - 0,754 Aldeia do Vale / Monte Verde 0,953 Região Central: Jardim das Acácias / Ana Rosa / INT
0,734
Parque / ALV Sul
3rd Quintile • 0,755 - 0,802 Alphaville Flamboyant / Jardim Munique / Portal do Sol 0,953
Região Tiradentes: Maranata / Jardim Dom Bosco / Ipê /
4th Quintile • 0,803 - 0,861 Bueno: Av. T-63 / Parque Vaca Brava 0,953 Madre Germana
0,734
INHUMAS
5th Quintile • 0,862 - 1,000 Jardim Europa / Jardins Florença 0,953 HDUs with highest Education MHDI
Jardim Milão / Paris / Atenas / Verona 0,953 UDH IDHM-E
NOVA VENEZA
Marista: Av. 136 0,953 Bela Vista (Av. T-63) / Bueno (Rua S-1) 0,933
BRAZABRANTES
Região Garavelo / Condomínio Jardim Viena / Jardim Bela Vista: Estádio Serrinha / Pedro Ludovico: Parque
0,953 0,933
Mônaco Areião / Terminal Izidória
NERÓPOLIS
CATURAÍ
HDUs with lowest MHDI Bueno: Faculdade Objetivo / Oeste / Av. Perimetral 0,933
‘ NIO DE GOIÁS
UDH IDHM HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
GOIANÓPOLIS Região Central: Jardim das Acácias / Ana Rosa / INT UDH IDHM-E
0,612
Parque / ALV Sul
Região Central: Jardim das Acácias / Ana Rosa / INT
Região Tiradentes: Maranata / Jardim Dom Bosco / Ipê / 0,499
0,612 Parque / ALV Sul
Madre Germana
BONFINÓPOLIS Região Tiradentes: Maranata / Jardim Dom Bosco / Ipê /
Samarah / Jardim Decolores / Clube do Lago / Setor Bela Vista 0,619 0,499
Madre Germana
GOIÂNIA
TRINDADE
Condomínio Imperial / Chácara Pontakayana / Setor dos HDUs with highest Income MHDI
0,619
Bandeirantes
UDH IDHM-R
Residencial Santa Fé / Setor Laguna Park / Setor Vida
SENADOR CANEDO 0,619
Nova Aldeia do Vale / Monte Verde 1,000
CALDAZINHA HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI Alphaville Flamboyant / Jardim Munique / Portal do Sol 1,000
ABADIA DE GOIÁS
UDH IDHM-L Bueno: Av. T-63 / Parque Vaca Brava 1,000
APARECIDA DE GOIÂNIA Aldeia do Vale / Monte Verde 0,940 Jardim Europa / Jardins Florença 1,000
Alphaville Flamboyant / Jardim Munique / Portal do Sol 0,940 Jardim Milão / Paris / Atenas / Verona 1,000
Bueno: Av. T-63 / Parque Vaca Brava 0,940 Marista: Av. 136 1,000
Jardim Europa / Jardins Florença 0,940 Região Garavelo / Condomínio Jardim Viena / Jardim
GUAPÓ
1,000
Mônaco
Jardim Milão / Paris / Atenas / Verona 0,940
ARAGOIÂNIA
BELA VISTA DE GOIÁS Oeste: Praças Tamandaré / Marista: Shopping
Marista: Av. 136 0,940 1,000
Bougainville
Região Garavelo / Condomínio Jardim Viena / Jardim HDUs with highest Income MHDI
HIDROLÂNDIA 0,940
Mônaco
UDH IDHM-R
Dourados 0,623
Residencial Buena Vista 0,623
Residencial Jardins do Cerrado / Residencial Mundo

0,623
Novo
Unidade Territorial de Planejamento São Domingos 0,623

58
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Manaus
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
the state)
MHDI: 0,585
MANAUS
Income MHDI: 0,661
The MHDI in CAREIRO DA VÁRZEA
the Manaus 0 5
IRANDUBA
Km
10
Metropolitan
Region
PRESIDENTE FIGUEIREDO
NOVO AIRÃO
RIO PRETO DA EVA
MANAUS
IRANDUBA
MHDI ITACOATIARA
Very High CAREIRO DA VÁRZEA

MANACAPURU
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
60
2010
for the state)
the state)
MHDI: 0,720
MANAUS
Income MHDI: 0,724
CAREIRO DA VÁRZEA
The MHDI in
0 5
IRANDUBA
10
Km
the Manaus
Metropolitan
Region
PRESIDENTE FIGUEIREDO
NOVO AIRÃO
RIO PRETO DA EVA
MANAUS
IRANDUBA
ITACOATIARA
MHDI
CAREIRO DA VÁRZEA Very High
MANACAPURU
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
61
Manaus MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Manaus MR

Created in 2007 by the State Complementary Law Nº 52/07, the Manaus Metropolitan Region In 2000, 12% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Manaus MR were in the Very
(MR) is composed of eight municipalities and covers an area of 101,475 km². High Human Development range, while 13% were in the High Human Development range.
In 2010, the Manaus MR had a degree of urbanization of 94%. Nearly 60% of the state population
the percentage of HDUs in the Low Human Development range fell from 27% to 17% and
resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, Manaus, answered for 85% of the
the percentage of HDUs in the Very Low Human Development range fell from 27% to 0%,
metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Manaus MR between 2000 and
2010 was 2.5% per year.
In 2000, the Manaus MR presented a MHDI of 0.585 and was situated in the Low Human
27% 26%
26%

31%
17%
12%
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Education Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest human
dimension, which registered an increase of 0.222. Below is the contribution of the different development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that presented
dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Manaus MR for 2000 and 2010. The
2000 2010 attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
23%
33%
37%
1,000
0,900
0,800
38% 0,700
MHDI
40%
0,600
0,500
0,300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0 50 100 150 200 250
HDU
2000 2010
62
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
2000 2010
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Manaus MR, one can note that a
1,00
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the MR urban nuclei, while the
0,90
largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is spread all over the Metropolitan Region. In
0,80
relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in the
0,70
nucleus-municipality of the MR. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located in the
MHDI
0,60
different portions of the Manaus MR distributed over several municipalities.
0,50
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Manaus MR. In the 0,40
Vicinities Manaus Vicinities Manaus
Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number of HDUs
with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs performance in the Manaus Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
MR improved during that period.

between 0.576 and 0.930, in other words, amplitude was smaller in 2000, and half of the HDUs
90
80 presented indexes between 0.673 and 0.856. There was, thus, a reduction in the total data
70 amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
60
Frequency
50
40
0.430 and 0.529. In 2010, this interval was between 0.574 and 0,667. In these municipalities,
30
20
10 0.782. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated with
0 an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
2000 2010
occurred in the Bairro Alto and Iranduba Rural Area (Iranduba/AM) HDUs with amplitude of
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0.247, while to the nucleus-municipality the Japiim: Rua Felicidade / Rua Paz / Rua Principal HDU
presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.236. The average MHDI values verified
in the capital presented an evolution of 0.111. Even though beginning with a lower standard
Inequality in the Manaus MR
in 2000, the average for the surrounding area presented greater evolution than that verified
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Manaus MR, in absolute for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.103. The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced more
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.565, in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the metropolitan
which fell to 0.429 in 2010. nucleus-municipality.
In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and concentration
of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Manaus MR and other metropolitan municipalities
identified on the graph as the vicinities.
63
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Manaus MR (2010)
HDUs with highest MHDI
UDH IDHM
Adrianópolis / Nossa Senhora das Graças (Vieiralves /

MHDI Amazonense / Maceió)
0,930
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,624

Aleixo 0,930
MANAUS 2nd Quintile • 0,625 - 0,675
Condomínio Efigênio Sales 0,930
3rd Quintile • 0,676 - 0,762
Condomínio Residencial Houseville / Condomínio
0,930
4th Quintile • 0,763 - 0,855 Abrahan Pazzuelo / Condomínio dos Advogados
5th Quintile • 0,856 - 1,000 Condomínio Residencial Torres de AndaLuzi /

0,930
Residencial Portugal
Conjunto Mucuripe II 0,930
CAREIRO DA VÁRZEA Edifício Maison Vivaldi / Edifício Residencial Palácio

Adrianópolis / Edifício Mansão Adrianópolis / Residencial
Jardim Adrianópolis / Condomínio Happy Days / 0,930
IRANDUBA
Residencial Upperside / Residencial Uniqui / Condomínio
Km Residencial Adrianópolis
0 5 10
Morada do Parque / Alpha Garden 0,930
Morada do Sol 0,930
PRESIDENTE FIGUEIREDO Parque Dez de Novembro (Condomínio Jardim Califórnia

/ Residencial Riviera Francesa / Edifício Ópera Prima /
0,930
Condomínio Parque dos Rios I / Condomínio Parque dos
Rios IV / Edifício Genev / Edifício Nau Capitania)
Parque Dez de Novembro (Residencial Vila da Barra

/ Conjunto Murici / Residencial Maron / Condomínio
0,930
Giardino di Milano / Conjunto Tropical / Conjunto Belo
Horizonte / Conjunto Castelo Branco)
Ponta Negra / Tarumã (Condomínio Alphaville Manaus

/ Residencial Ponta Negra / Jardim das Américas / 0,930
Residencial Itaporanga)
NOVO AIRÃO
Residencial Boa Vista 0,930
Residencial Eldorado Park 0,930

RIO PRETO DA EVA
MANAUS HDUs with lowest MHDI
UDH IDHM
AgroVila do Paraná do Castanho 0,528
IRANDUBA
Comunidade do Jacaré 0,528
ITACOATIARA Comunidade do Tuiué / Vila Rica 0,528

CAREIRO DA VÁRZEA
Comunidade Sacambú 0,528
MANACAPURU
Zona Rural Manacapuru 0,528
Zona Rural Itacoatiara 0,501

64
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI HDUs with highest Education MHDI Conjunto Mucuripe II 1,000
UDH IDHM-L UDH IDHM-E Edifício Maison Vivaldi / Edifício Residencial Palácio
Adrianópolis / Edifício Mansão Adrianópolis / Residencial
Adrianópolis / Nossa Senhora das Graças (Vieiralves / Aleixo (Conjunto Vila Câmara / Conjunto Habitacional Jardim Adrianópolis / Condomínio Happy Days / 1,000
0,942
Amazonense / Maceió) Tiradentes / Conjunto Habitacional Petro de Manaus / 0,892 Residencial Upperside / Residencial Uniqui / Condomínio
Condomínio Joaquim Ribeiro) Residencial Adrianópolis
Aleixo 0,942
Chapada / Dom Pedro I (Residencial Solar dos Franceses Morada do Parque / Alpha Garden 1,000
Condomínio Efigênio Sales 0,942 / Residencial Parque dos Franceses / Conjunto Tocantins /
Conjunto Bosque dos Ingleses / Residencial Renaissance Morada do Sol 1,000
Condomínio Residencial Houseville / Condomínio 0,892
0,942 / Kissia II / Parque Aripuanã / Condomínio Vila do Sol
Abrahan Pazzuelo / Condomínio dos Advogados Maior / Condomínio Bevelly Hills / Vila Militar Bafururu / Parque Dez de Novembro (Condomínio Jardim Califórnia
Condomínio Cidade Jardim) / Residencial Riviera Francesa / Edifício Ópera Prima /
Condomínio Residencial Torres de AndaLuzia / 1,000
0,942 Condomínio Parque dos Rios I / Condomínio Parque dos
Residencial Portugal Colônia Oliveira Machado / Vila Buriti (Vila Humaitá – Rios IV / Edifício Genev / Edifício Nau Capitania)
0,892
Marinha / Vila Rio Negro)
Conjunto Mucuripe II 0,942 Parque Dez de Novembro (Residencial Vila da Barra
Condomínio Atlantis / Condomínio Bosque Copenhagen / Conjunto Murici / Residencial Maron / Condomínio
Edifício Maison Vivaldi / Edifício Residencial Palácio 0,892 1,000
/ Conjunto Dallas / Condomínio Juliana Giardino di Milano / Conjunto Tropical / Conjunto Belo
Adrianópolis / Edifício Mansão Adrianópolis / Residencial Horizonte / Conjunto Castelo Branco)
Jardim Adrianópolis / Condomínio Happy Days / 0,942 Condomínio Bougainville / Conjunto Vila do Rei /
Residencial Upperside / Residencial Uniqui / Condomínio 0,892
Condomínio Edifício Parque Imperial Ponta Negra / Tarumã (Condomínio Alphaville Manaus
Residencial Adrianópolis / Residencial Ponta Negra / Jardim das Américas / 1,000
Condomínio Três Marias 0,892 Residencial Itaporanga)
Morada do Parque / Alpha Garden 0,942
Conjunto Parque Solimões 0,892 Residencial Boa Vista 1,000
Morada do Sol 0,942
Conjunto Residencial Kyssia I / Conjunto Deborah 0,892 Residencial Eldorado Park 1,000
Parque Dez de Novembro (Condomínio Jardim Califórnia
/ Residencial Riviera Francesa / Edifício Ópera Prima / Flores 0,892 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
0,942
Condomínio Parque dos Rios I / Condomínio Parque dos
Rios IV / Edifício Genev / Edifício Nau Capitania) Flores (Arezzo / Espaço Verde) 0,892 UDH IDHM-R
Parque Dez de Novembro (Residencial Vila da Barra Residencial Ibiza / Residencial Parque dos Rios / Zona Rural Itacoatiara 0,490
/ Conjunto Murici / Residencial Maron / Condomínio Residencial Mundi Resort / Condomínio Maison
0,942 0,892
Giardino di Milano / Conjunto Tropical / Conjunto Belo Ephigênio Sales / Conjunto Jardim Espanha III / Parque
Horizonte / Conjunto Castelo Branco) Residencial Monte Líbano
Ponta Negra / Tarumã (Condomínio Alphaville Manaus Residencial Paraíso Girassol / Residencial Tapajós 0,892
/ Residencial Ponta Negra / Jardim das Américas / 0,942
Residencial Itaporanga) HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
Residencial Boa Vista 0,942 UDH IDHM-E
Residencial Eldorado Park 0,942 Zona Rural Itacoatiara 0,363
HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI HDUs with highest Income MHDI
UDH IDHM-L UDH IDHM-R
AgroVila do Paraná do Castanho 0,712 Adrianópolis / Nossa Senhora das Graças (Vieiralves /
1,000
Amazonense / Maceió)
Comunidade do Jacaré 0,712
Aleixo 1,000
Comunidade do Tuiué / Vila Rica 0,712
Condomínio Efigênio Sales 1,000
Comunidade Sacambú 0,712
Condomínio Residencial Houseville / Condomínio
1,000
Zona Rural Manacapuru 0,712 Abrahan Pazzuelo / Condomínio dos Advogados
Zona Rural Itacoatiara 0,709 Condomínio Residencial Torres de AndaLuzia /

1,000
Residencial Portugal
65
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Natal
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
GDP: R$ 4,96 billion (53,4% of the total for MAXARANGUAPE
the state)
MHDI: 0,625
Income MHDI: 0,676 CEARÁ-MIRIM
The MHDI EXTREMOZ
in the Natal
Metropolitan SÃO GONÇALO DO AMARANTE
Region NATAL
PARNAMIRIM
MACAÍBA
VERA CRUZ
MHDI
NÍSIA FLORESTA
SÃO JOSÉ DE MIPIBU
Very High
High
MONTE ALEGRE
Medium
Low
Very Low
68
2010
for the state)
MAXARANGUAPE GDP: R$ 16,7 billion (52,2% of the total for
the state)
MHDI: 0,733
CEARÁ-MIRIM Income MHDI: 0,736
EXTREMOZ
The MHDI
in the Natal
Metropolitan
Region
NATAL
PARNAMIRIM
MACAÍBA
VERA CRUZ
MHDI
NÍSIA FLORESTA
SÃO JOSÉ DE MIPIBU
Very High
High
MONTE ALEGRE
Medium
Low
Very Low
69
Natal MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Natal MR

Created in 1997 by the State Complementary Law Nº 152/97, the Natal Metropolitan Region In 2000, 8% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Natal MR were in the Very
(MR) is composed of ten municipalities and covers an area of 2,808 km². High Human Development range, while 12% were in the High Human Development range.
In 2010, the Natal MR had a degree of urbanization of 90%. Nearly 43% of the state
the percentage of HDUs in the Low Human Development range fell from 32% to 19% and
population resided in the MR. The MR nucleus-municipality, Natal, answered for, in 2010, 63%
the percentage of HDUs in the Very Low Human Development range fell from 36% to 0%,
of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Natal MR between 2000
and 2010 was 1.86% per year.
In 2000, the Natal MR presented a MHDI of 0.625 and was situated in the Medium Human
32% 36%
11%
12%
19% 17%
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.171. Below is the contribution of the human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Natal MR for 2000 and 2010. The
26%
33%
35%
1,000
0,900
0,800
37% 0,700
MHDI
39%
0,600
0,500
0,300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
HDU
2000 2010
70
2000 2010
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Natal MR, one can note that a large
1,00
part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the MR urban nuclei and in Parnamirim,
0,90
while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is spread all over the Metropolitan Region
0,80
municipalities.
0,70
MHDI
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in the 0,60
nucleus-municipality of the MR and in the municipality of Parnamirim. The lowest MHDI values, in 0,50
turn, are in the HDUs located in the outskirts of the Natal MR distributed over several municipalities. 0,40
0,30
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Natal MR. In the period Vicinities Natal Vicinities Natal
between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or Very Low Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number of HDUs with a
High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU performance in the Natal MR improved In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.458 and 0.876,
during that period. when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.518 and 0.755. In 2010, the MHDI varied
between 0.605 and 0.948, in other words, amplitude was smaller in 2000, and half of the
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges HDUs presented indexes between 0.620 and 0.842. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
60
In the case of other municipalities, in turn, in 2000 half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI
50
between 0.445 and 0.566. In 2010 the interval was from 0.572 to 0.723. In those
Frequency
40
municipalities, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.405 and 0.806, while in 2010 it varied
30
between 0.525 and 0.890. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the
20
data, associated with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
10
0 The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
occurred in the Monte Castelo, Pium, Nova Parnamirim: Toca da Raposa (Parnamirim / RN) HDU
and the HDU corresponding to the municipality of Maxaranguape/RN with amplitude of 0.173,
2000 2010
while for the nucleus municipalities the Mãe Luiza and Guararapes/Planalto HDUs presented
greatest growth with an increase of 0.161. The average MHDI values verified in the capital
presented an evolution of 0.125. The average for the surrounding area presented the same
Inequality in the Natal MR evolution lower than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.122. The amplitude
for the set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Natal MR, in absolute terms,
HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.471, which
fell to 0.423 in 2010.
In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Natal MR and other metropolitan
71
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Natal MR (2010)

MAXARANGUAPE
UDH IDHM UDH IDHM-E
Candelária / Lagoa Nova 0,948 0,912
Candelária / Lagoa Nova
Cidade da Esperança: Condomínios / Rodoviária 0,948
MHDI 0,912
Praia do Meio: Rua do Motor / Onofre Lopes / Av. Cidade Verde da Esperança: Condomínios / Rodoviária
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,604 0,948
Getúlio Vargas
Praia do Meio: Rua do Motor / Onofre Lopes / Av. 0,912
2nd Quintile • 0,605 - 0,626 Tirol / Petrópolis / Areia Preta 0,948
Getúlio Vargas
3rd Quintile • 0,627 - 0,721 Capim Macio / Ponta Negra / Neópolis / Lagoa Nova /
0,909 0,912
Parque das Dunas / Campus UFRN Tirol / Petrópolis / Areia Preta
4th Quintile • 0,722 - 0,792 CEARÁ-MIRIM
5th Quintile • 0,793 - 1,000 UDH IDHM
UDH IDHM-E
Capela / Carnaubal / São João / Gameleira 0,525
Pitangui / Boa Esperança / Aningas / Maturaia de Baixo 0,394
Cosmo / São Pedro / Tamanduá / Santa Maria / Santo
0,525 Jacoca / Catolé / Cavalcante / Poço Comprido / Jorge /
Antônio / Bom Jesus / Maturaia de Cima 0,394
Massagana
EXTREMOZ
Jacoca / Catolé / Cavalcante / Poço Comprido / Jorge /
0,525 Capela / Carnaubal / São João / Gameleira 0,394
Massagana
Cosmo / São Pedro / Tamanduá / Santa Maria / Santo
Pitangui / Boa Esperança / Aningas / Maturaia de Baixo 0,525 0,394
Antônio / Bom Jesus / Maturaia de Cima
Alvorada 0,544
Arenã 0,544
UDH IDHM-R
Jardim / Bananeira / Cobé 0,544
Tirol / Petrópolis / Areia Preta 1,000
Laranjeiras do Abdias / Sete Buracos / Ribeiro / Péri-Péri 0,544
Candelária / Lagoa Nova 1,000
Manibu / Pelo Sinal 0,544
Praia do Meio: Rua do Motor / Onofre Lopes / Av.
1,000
NATAL Passagem dos Cavalos / Areia Branca 0,544 Getúlio Vargas
Primavera 0,544 Cidade da Esperança: Condomínios / Rodoviária 1,000
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI HDUs with highest Income MHDI
PARNAMIRIM Candelária / Lagoa 0,948 Pitangui / Boa Esperança / Aningas / Maturaia de Baixo 0,520
MACAÍBA
Cidade da Esperança: Condomínios / Rodoviária 0,948 Jacoca / Catolé / Cavalcante / Poço Comprido / Jorge /
0,520
Massagana
Praia do Meio: Rua do Motor / Onofre Lopes / Av.
0,948
Getúlio Vargas Capela / Carnaubal / São João / Gameleira 0,520
Tirol / Petrópolis / Areia Preta 0,948 Cosmo / São Pedro / Tamanduá / Santa Maria / Santo
0,520
UDH IDHM-L
VERA CRUZ Capela / Carnaubal / São João / Gameleira 0,707
SÃO JOSÉ DE MIPIBU NÍSIA FLORESTA Cosmo / São Pedro / Tamanduá / Santa Maria / Santo
0,707
Jacoca / Catolé / Cavalcante / Poço Comprido / Jorge /
MONTE ALEGRE 0,707
Massagana
Pitangui / Boa Esperança / Aningas / Maturaia de Baixo 0,707

72
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Porto Alegre
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
for the state)
MHDI: 0,685
Education MHDI: 0,524 IGREJINHA
SÃO
Longevity MHDI: 0,809 SEBASTIÃO

DO CAÍ
IVOTI DOIS
IRMÃOS SAPIRANGA
NOVA HARTZ
Income MHDI: 0,758 ESTÂNCIA

VELHA
ARARICÁ
ROLANTE
PAROBÉ
CAMPO TAQUARA
MONTENEGRO PORTÃO BOM
CAPELA DE SANTANA
NOVO HAMBURGO
The MHDI in the

SÃO LEOPOLDO
SAPUCAIA
DO SUL
Porto Alegre
NOVA SANTA RITA
ESTEIO
TRIUNFO
SANTO ANTÔ
‘ NIO DA PATRULHA
GRAVATAÍ GLORINHA
CANOAS
CACHOEIRINHA
Metropolitan CHARQUEADAS ALVORADA
Region ELDORADO DO SUL
PORTO
ALEGRE
VIAMÃO
GUAÍBA
ARROIO DOS RATOS
SÃO JERÔNIMO
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU Km
0 10 20
74
2010
for the state)
GDP: R$112,08 billion (44,4% of the total
for the state)
MHDI: 0,762
IGREJINHA
SÃO
SEBASTIÃO
DO CAÍ
IVOTI DOIS
IRMÃOS SAPIRANGA
NOVA HARTZ
ESTÂNCIA
VELHA
ARARICÁ
ROLANTE
Income MHDI: 0,797
PAROBÉ
CAMPO TAQUARA
MONTENEGRO PORTÃO BOM
CAPELA DE SANTANA
NOVO HAMBURGO
The MHDI in the

SÃO LEOPOLDO
SAPUCAIA
DO SUL
Porto Alegre
NOVA SANTA RITA
ESTEIO
TRIUNFO
SANTO ANTÔ
‘ NIO DA PATRULHA
GRAVATAÍ GLORINHA
CANOAS
CACHOEIRINHA
CHARQUEADAS ALVORADA Metropolitan

ELDORADO DO SUL
PORTO
Region
ALEGRE
VIAMÃO
GUAÍBA
ARROIO DOS RATOS
SÃO JERÔNIMO
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
Km No information about the HDU
0 10 20
75
Porto Alegre MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Porto Alegre MR

Created in 1973 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 14/73, the Porto Alegre Metropolitan In 2000, 14% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Porto Alegre MR were in the
Region (MR) is composed of 34 municipalities and covers an area of 10,346 km². Very High Human Development range, while 14% were in the High Human Development
range. In 2010 these proportions corresponded, respectively, to 28% and 33%. In the same
In 2010, the Porto Alegre MR had a degree of urbanization of 97%. Nearly 37% of the state
period, the percentage of HDUs in the Low Human Development range fell from 34% to 4%
and the percentage of HDUs in the Very Low Human Development range fell from 7% to 0%,
metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Porto Alegre MR between
2000 and 2010 was 0.64% per year.
In 2000, the Porto Alegre MR presented a MHDI of 0.685 and was situated in the Medium Human
31% 33%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.762, moving up to the High
34%
Human Development range. 14% 36%
28%
14%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.524 and increased to 0.649 in 2010. The Longevity MHDI was 7% 4%
0.809 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.855. The Income MHDI was 0.758 and increased to 0.797. Very low Low Medium High Very high

Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Education
dimension, which registered an increase of 0.125. Below is the contribution of the different Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs
that presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
2000 2010 Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Porto Alegre MR for 2000 and 2010.
The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of
the retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
30%
25% 33%
36%
1,000
0,900
37%
0,800
39%
0,700
MHDI
0,600
0,400
0,300
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
HDU
2000 2010
76
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the MR, Porto Alegre, and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Porto Alegre MR, one can note
that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the
MR central portion, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
vicinities of the nucleus-municipality of the MR. The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human
2000 2010
Development ranges are in the municipalities of Alvorada, Guaíba and Nova Hamburgo. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value
0,80
expand to the north portion of the MR. The lowest MHDI values are in the HDUs in the
central portion of the Porto Alegre MR, concentrated in the municipalities of Canoas, 0,70
MHDI
Nova Hamburgo and Porto Alegre. 0,60
0,50
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Porto Alegre 0,40
MR. In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs
0,30
with a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase Vicinities Porto Alegre Vicinities Porto Alegre
performance in the Porto Alegre MR improved during that period.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.539 and 0.806. In 2010, the MHDI
300 varied between 0.593 and 0.958, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and
250 half of the HDUs presented indexes between 0.654 and 0.862. There was, thus, a reduction
in the total data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
200
Frequency
150 In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI
100 between 0.542 and 0.664. In 2010, this interval was between 0.653 and 0.763. In these
50
municipalities, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.453 and 0.863, which in 2010 varied
between 0.594 and 0,938. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of
0

the data, associated with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
2000 2010
occurred in the Bela Vista / Cocão / Formosa / Maria Regina (Alvorada/RS) HDU with amplitude
of 0.214, while to the nucleus-municipality the Mario Quintana: Safira Noval HDU presented
the greatest growth with an increase of 0.209. The average MHDI values verified in the
Inequality in the Porto Alegre MR capital presented an evolution of 0.069. Even though beginning with a lower standard in
2000, the average for the surrounding area presented greater evolution than that verified
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Porto Alegre MR, in absolute
for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.110. The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced less
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was
in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the metropolitan
0.481, which fell to 0.365 in 2010.
nucleus-municipality.
77
Map of Quintiles (2010) IGREJINHA

São João: Vila Dique I
São Sebastião: Vila Nazaré
0,593
0,593
SÃO
SEBASTIÃO IVOTI
DO CAÍ
DOIS NOVA HARTZ Sarandi: Vila Amazônia 0,593
IRMÃOS SAPIRANGA
ROLANTE
Sarandi: Vila Santíssima Trindade 0,593
ARARICÁ
ESTÂNCIA
VELHA
PAROBÉ
Vila Nova: Condomínio Cristal / Socioambiental 0,593
CAMPO TAQUARA
MHDI MONTENEGRO PORTÃO BOM Vila Nova: Cristiano Kraemer / Cinco Mil Cento e Vinte 0,593
CAPELA DE SANTANA
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,644 NOVO HAMBURGO
Vila Nova: Kanazawa I e II 0,593
2nd Quintile • 0,645 - 0,704 SÃO LEOPOLDO
UDH IDHM-L
3rd Quintile • 0,705 - 0,739 Bela Vista 0,952
SAPUCAIA
4th Quintile • 0,740 - 0,828 DO SUL Belem Novo: Mário Carvalho 0,952
NOVA SANTA RITA
ESTEIO
TRIUNFO Independência: André Puente 0,952
5th Quintile • 0,829 - 1,000 SANTO ANTÔ
‘ NIO DA PATRULHA
GRAVATAÍ GLORINHA Menino Deus: Ganzo / Visconde do Herval 0,952
CANOAS
CACHOEIRINHA Moinhos de Vento 0,952
Rio Branco: IPA 0,952
ALVORADA
Três Figueiras 0,952
CHARQUEADAS
Vila Ipiranga: Iguatemi / Germânia 0,952
ELDORADO DO SUL
UDH IDHM-L
Guajuviras A 0,754
PORTO
ALEGRE Harmonia / Centro 0,754
São Luiz 0,754
VIAMÃO
GUAÍBA HDUs with highest Education MHDI
ARROIO DOS RATOS
UDH IDHM-E
Cidade Baixa 0,947
SÃO JERÔNIMO UDH IDHM-E
Mathias Velho / Harmonia 0,424
Rondônia A 0,424
Industrial 0,424
Rincão 0,424
Diehl / São José 0,424
Rincão / Rondônia 0,424
Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Porto Alegre MR (2010) HDUs with highest Income MHDI
UDH IDHM-R
Bela Vista 1,000
Belem Novo: Mário Carvalho 1,000
UDH IDHM UDH IDHM
Boa Vista (bairro) 1,000
Bela Vista 0,958 Arquipélago: Ilha Grande dos Marinheiros 0,593 Chácara das Pedras 1,000
Belem Novo: Mário Carvalho 0,958 Arquipélago: Ilhas do Pavão e dos Marinheiros 0,593 Independência: André Puente 1,000
Boa Vista (bairro) 0,958 Belem Novo: Vila Esperança 0,593 Ipanema: Dea Coufal / Parque Residencial Knorr / Jardim
1,000
do Sol
Chácara das Pedras 0,958 Floresta: Loteamento Santa Terezinha / Vila Central 0,593
Jardim Isabel 1,000
Independência: André Puente 0,958 Humaitá: Vila Santo André / Adubos Trevo 0,593
Menino Deus: Ganzo / Visconde do Herval 1,000
Km Ipanema: Dea Coufal / Parque Residencial Knorr / Jardim Mário Quintana: Chico Mendes 0,593
0,958 Moinhos de Vento 1,000
0 10 20 do Sol
Mário Quintana: Recanto do Sabiá 0,593 Mont´Serrat 1,000
Jardim Isabel 0,958
Mário Quintana: Vila Jardim Protásio Alves 0,593 Rio Branco: IPA 1,000
Menino Deus: Ganzo / Visconde do Herval 0,958
Praia de Belas: Vila Chocolatão / Vila Aldeia 0,593 Três Figueiras 1,000
Moinhos de Vento 0,958
Restinga: Quinta Unidade 0,593 Vila Ipiranga: Iguatemi / Germânia 1,000
Mont´Serrat 0,958 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
The quintiles refer to the pooling of Restinga: Vale do Salso 0,593
Rio Branco: IPA 0,958 UDH IDHM-R
Restinga: Vila Castelo 0,593
data in five equal parts, so that each Três Figueiras 0,958 Guajuviras A 0,618
Rubem Berta: Vila Amazônia 0,593 Harmonia / Centro 0,618
sampling comprises 20% of the data. Vila Ipiranga: Iguatemi / Germânia 0,958
Santa Tereza: Vila Ecológica 0,593 São Luiz 0,618
78
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Recife
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state) ITAPISSUMA
ILHA DE
ITAMARACÁ
the state) ARAÇOIABA
Population density: 1.203,26 inhabit. /km² IGARASSU
MHDI: 0,627 ABREU E LIMA

Income MHDI: 0,683 PAULISTA
The MHDI in
CAMARAGIBE
OLINDA
SÃO LOURENÇO DA MATA
the Recife RECIFE
Metropolitan
Region
MORENO
JABOATÃO DOS GUARARAPES
CABO DE SANTO AGOSTINHO
MHDI
Very High IPOJUCA
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
80
2010
ITAPISSUMA
ILHA DE
for the state)
ITAMARACÁ
ARAÇOIABA
the state)
IGARASSU
Population density: 1.330,52 inhabit. /km²
ABREU E LIMA
MHDI: 0,734
PAULISTA
Income MHDI: 0,736
The MHDI in
CAMARAGIBE
OLINDA
SÃO LOURENÇO DA MATA
RECIFE
the Recife
Metropolitan
Region
MORENO
MHDI
IPOJUCA
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
81
Recife MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Recife MR

Created in 1973 by the State Complementary Law Nº 14/73, the Recife Metropolitan Region In 2000, 8% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Recife MR were in the Very
In 2010, the Recife MR had a degree of urbanization of 97%. Nearly 42% of the state
population resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, Recife, answered for 42%
of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Recife MR between
2000 and 2010 was 1.01% per year.
In 2000, the Recife MR presented a MHDI of 0.627 and was situated in the Medium Human
26% 38%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.734, moving up to the
34%
21%
11% 8%
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0,172. Below is the contribution of the human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Recife MR for 2000 and 2010. The
26%
33%
36%
1,000
0,900
0,800
37% 0,700
MHDI
38%
0,600
0,500
0,300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0 100 200 300 400
HDU
2000 2010
82
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Recife MR and other metropolitan
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Recife MR, one can note that a
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the MR urban nuclei and coastal
zone of the surrounding municipalities, like Jaboatão dos Guararapes and Olinda, while the Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is spread in the outskirts of the Metropolitan
2000 2010
Region toward the inlands. In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with 1,00
highest MHDI value are in the coastal area of several municipalities and in the central portion 0,90
of Recife and Camaragibe. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located in the 0,80
outskirts of the Recife MR distributed over several municipalities. 0,70
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Recife MR. In the
0,50
period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or
0,40
Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number
of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU performance in the 0,30
Vicinities Recife Vicinities Recife
Recife MR improved during that period.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges

200
180
160 between 0.608 and 0.955, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of the
140
120
Frequency
100
80
60 In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI
40
between 0.515 and 0.663. In 2010, this interval was between 0.638 and 0.772. In these
20
0 municipalities, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.349 and 0.908, while in 2010 it varied
Very low Low Medium High Very high between 0.523 and 0.951. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of
MHDI – Human Development Ranges the data, associated with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
2000 2010
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
occurred in the Vilas do Cabo (Cabo de Santo Agostinho/PE) HDU with amplitude of 0.198,
while to the nucleus-municipality the Apipucos /Macaxeira: Fábrica da Macaxeira / Açude
Inequality in the Recife MR Apipucos / Zeis Apipucos / Zeis Vila São João HDU presented the greatest growth with an
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Recife MR, in absolute increase of 0.154. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was of 0.123. The average for the surrounding area presented lower evolution than that
0.560, which fell to 0.432 in 2010. verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.119. The amplitude for the set of HDUs
reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the
83
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Recife MR (2010)

ITAPISSUMA
ILHA DE
ITAMARACÁ
UDH IDHM UDH IDHM-E
MHDI Espinheiro 0,955 Espinheiro 0,939

ARAÇOIABA
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,638 Jaqueira / Tamarineira / Casa Amarela: Estrada do Jaqueira / Tamarineira / Casa Amarela: Estrada do
0,955 0,939
IGARASSU Arraial / Zeis Tamarineira Arraial / Zeis Tamarineira
2nd Quintile • 0,639 - 0,695
Graças / Aflitos 0,952 HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
3rd Quintile • 0,696 - 0,758 ABREU E LIMA
Boa Viagem / Pina: Orla 0,951 UDH IDHM-E

4th Quintile • 0,759 - 0,828
Piedade: Orla / Av. Barreto de Menezes 0,951 Área Rural: Ipojuca / Nossa Senhora do Ó / Camela 0,368
5th Quintile • 0,829 - 1,000
Piedade: Orla / Hotel Dorisol 0,951 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
PAULISTA
São Francisco: Sapucaia / Rua da Olaria 0,951 UDH IDHM-R
HDUs with lowest MHDI Boa Viagem / Pina: Orla 1,000

CAMARAGIBE
OLINDA UDH IDHM Graças / Aflitos 1,000
SÃO LOURENÇO DA MATA Área Rural: Ipojuca / Nossa Senhora do Ó / Camela 0,523 Jaqueira / Parnamirim / Santana / Casa Forte / Poço /
Monteiro: Zeis Poço da Panela, Esperança / Cabocó / 1,000
Área Rural: Barragem Tapacura / Goitá 0,550 Inaldo Martins
RECIFE
Matriz da Luz 0,550 Piedade: Orla / Av. Barreto de Menezes 1,000
Penedo / Parque Capibaribe (Penedo / Beira Rio) 0,550 Piedade: Orla / Hotel Dorisol 1,000
Área Rural: Barragens Gurjaú / Pirapama / Bita-Utinga 0,559 Rosarinho / Encruzilhada: Av. Santos Dumont 1,000
MORENO
DIPER / DI Santo Estevão 0,559 São Francisco: Sapucaia / Rua da Olaria 1,000
Distrito Industrial de Suape / Engenho Tiriri 0,559 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Juçaral 0,559 UDH IDHM-R
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI Área Rural: Barragem Tapacura / Goitá 0,532
UDH IDHM-L Matriz da Luz 0,532
Boa Viagem / Pina: Orla 0,951 Penedo / Parque Capibaribe (Penedo / Beira Rio) 0,532
Piedade: Orla / Av. Barreto de Menezes 0,951
Piedade: Orla / Hotel Dorisol 0,951
São Francisco: Sapucaia / Rua da Olaria 0,951
UDH IDHM-L
Área Rural: Barragem Tapacura / Goitá 0,714

IPOJUCA
Matriz da Luz 0,714
Penedo / Parque Capibaribe (Penedo / Beira Rio) 0,714

84
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Rio de Janeiro
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
for the state)
MHDI: 0,686
Income MHDI: 0,759
The MHDI in the CACHOEIRAS DE MACACU
Rio de Janeiro
GUAPIMIRIM
MAGÉ
PARACAMBI
DUQUE DE CAXIAS
Metropolitan
JAPERI
NOVA IGUAÇU
Region
QUEIMADOS
BELFORD ROXO
RIO BONITO
ITABORAÍ
SEROPÉDICA
SÃO JOÃ O TANGUÁ
DE MERITI
MESQUITA
NILÓPOLIS SÃO GONÇALO
ITAGUAÍ
NITERÓI MARICÁ
RIO DE JANEIRO
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
86
2010
for the state)
the state)
MHDI: 0,771
Income MHDI: 0,796
CACHOEIRAS DE MACACU
The MHDI in the

Rio de Janeiro
GUAPIMIRIM
MAGÉ
PARACAMBI
DUQUE DE CAXIAS
Metropolitan
JAPERI
NOVA IGUAÇU
Region
QUEIMADOS
BELFORD ROXO
RIO BONITO
ITABORAÍ
SEROPÉDICA
SÃO JOÃ O TANGUÁ
DE MERITI
MESQUITA
NILÓPOLIS SÃO GONÇALO
ITAGUAÍ
NITERÓI MARICÁ
RIO DE JANEIRO
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
87
Rio de Janeiro MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Rio de Janeiro MR

Created in 1974 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 20/74, the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan In 2000, 9% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Rio de Janeiro MR were in the
Region (MR) is composed of 21 municipalities and covers an area of 6,737 km². Very High Human Development range, while 22% were in the High Human Development
In 2010, the Rio de Janeiro MR had a degree of urbanization of 99%. Nearly 75% of the state
and the percentage of HDUs in the Very Low Human Development range fell from 4% to
metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Rio de Janeiro MR between
0%, as shown in Graph 2.
2000 and 2010 was 0.86% per year.
In 2000, the Rio de Janeiro MR presented a MHDI of 0.686 and was situated in the Medium
28% 37%
Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.771, moving
37%
up to the High Human Development range. 22% 37%
26%
9%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.548 and increased to 0.686 in 2010. The Longevity 4% 1%
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.138. Below is the contribution of human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
the different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Rio de Janeiro MR for 2000 and 2010.
2000 2010 The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
26%
34%
37%
1,000
0,900
0,800
36% 0,700
MHDI
37%
0,600
0,500
0,300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0 500 1000 1500 2000
HDU
2000 2010
88
2000 2010
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Rio de Janeiro MR, one can note
1,00
that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR,
0,90
while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the vicinities of the MR.
0,80
Regarding the MHDI for 2010 one can observe that a large part of the HDUs of higher MHDI is 0,70
MHDI
in the municipalities of Niterói and Rio de Janeiro. On the other hand, the lowest MHDI values 0,60
are in the HDUs in the vicinities of the Rio de Janeiro MR, concentrated in the municipalities of 0,50
Itaboraí, Queimados and Japeri. In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI 0,40
values for the Rio de Janeiro MR. 0,30

Vicinities Rio de Janeiro Vicinities Rio de Janeiro
In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.469 and 0.927,
performance in the Rio de Janeiro MR improved during that period. when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.586 and 0.762. In 2010, the MHDI varied
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges HDUs presented indexes between 0.687 and 0.834. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
800
700 In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had an MHDI between
600 0.542 and 0.665. In 2010, this interval was between 0.661 and 0.763. In these municipalities,
Frequency
500
400
100
0 The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs in surrounding municipalities
occurred in the Itaguai (Itaguai/RJ), Charitas, Morro do Rato Molhado / Rua Santo Amaro,
Largo da Batalha, Pé Pequeno and Ingá (Niterói/RJ) HDUs with amplitude of 0.185, while to
2000 2010
the nucleus-municipality the São Cristóvão / Estação Leopoldina, Parque Estadual do Grajaú,
Formiga / Beco da Coruja, Salgueiro / Liberdade / Chacrinha, Morro do Andaraí, Morro do Cruz,
Macacos / Senador Nabuco e Vila Proletária da Penha (part) / Rua São Jorge / Rua São Januário /
Inequality in the Rio de Janeiro MR Rua Nossa Senhora Aparecida / Rua Jacques Maritain HDUs presented the greatest growth with
an increase of 0.174. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Rio de Janeiro MR, in
of 0.070. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities
absolute terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it
presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.115.
The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and than among the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Rio de Janeiro MR and other
89
Map of Quintiles (2010) HDUs with highest Income MHDI

UDH IDHM-R
Joá / Joatinga / Jardim Oceânico 1,000
Maramar 1,000
Jardim Imbuí / Charitas / São Francisco 1,000
CACHOEIRAS DE MACACU
Jacaré - Niterói 1,000
Praia de Copacabana 1,000
Ipanema 1,000
GUAPIMIRIM
Avenida Princesa Isabel 1,000
Laranjeiras / Paissandu 1,000
MAGÉ
PARACAMBI Botafogo / Cemitério São João Batista 1,000
DUQUE DE CAXIAS Leblon 1,000
JAPERI
Sernambetiba – Rio de Janeiro 1,000
NOVA IGUAÇU Recreio 1,000
Rio II / Cidade Jardim 1,000
QUEIMADOS
BELFORD ROXO
RIO BONITO Gávea 1,000
ITABORAÍ
SEROPÉDICA Leme 1,000
SÃO JOÃ O
DE MERITI
TANGUÁ Praia de Botafogo / Praça Nicarágua 1,000
MESQUITA Parque Guinle 1,000
NILÓPOLIS SÃO GONÇALO Riachuelo 130 / 134 1,000
ITAGUAÍ Cosme Velho 1,000
Quartier Carioca 1,000
Cardeal Arcoverde 1,000
NITERÓI MARICÁ Jardim Laranjeiras 1,000
RIO DE JANEIRO Itanhangá 1,000
Praias de Ipanema 1,000
Lagoa 1,000
Praia de São Conrado 1,000
Desembargador Izidro 1,000
Rua Itacuruçá 1,000
Américas / Restinga de Jacarepaguá 1,000
Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Rio de Janeiro MR (2010) Condomínio Ubá II 1,000
Boa Viagem / Ingá 1,000
HDUs with highest MHDI HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI Icaraí / Rua Jaquim Távora / Avenida Almirante Ary
1,000
Parreiras
UDH IDHM UDH IDHM-L
São Francisco Praia 1,000
Icaraí / Praia 0,962 Comunidade Rato Molhado 0,731
Quarteirão Prezunic Icaraí 1,000
MHDI Jardim Botânico / Parque Lage 0,959 Grande Rio 0,731
Itacoatiara 1,000
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,666 São Conrado 0,959 Escola Municipal Auto Rodrigues de Freitas (distrito de
0,731 Praia de Botafogo / Flamengo 1,000
Pasmado 0,959 Manilha) e adjacências
2nd Quintile • 0,667 - 0,708 Rio Vargem / Estrada do Cabuçu 0,731 Humaitá 1,000
Praia do Flamengo / Morro da Viúva 0,959
Jardim Vila Nova / Parque Aurora 0,731 Laranjeiras 1,000
3rd Quintile • 0,709 - 0,761 HDUs with lowest MHDI
Itambi 0,731 Américas / Marapendi 1,000
UDH IDHM
4th Quintile • 0,762 - 0,823 Vila Gabriela 0,731 José Higino 1,000
Loteamento Agro-Brasil 0,597
Santo Antônio 0,731 Aldeia Campista 1,000
5th Quintile • 0,824 - 1,000 Village do Sol / Jardim Itamarati 0,597
Campo Lindo / Sossego 0,731 Gávea Pequena / Alto da Boa Vista 1,000
Itaville 0,597
Colinas 0,731 Jardim Botânico / Parque Lage 1,000
Sambaetiba / Fazenda Fiorella 0,597
Santo Antonio 0,731 São Conrado 1,000
Pachecos 0,597
Santa Amélia / Parque dos Dinossauros 0,731 Pasmado 1,000
Cidade Gebara 0,597
Complexo Penitenciário de Japeri 0,731 Praia do Flamengo / Morro da Viúva 1,000
Marambaia / Vila Brasil 0,597
HDUs with highest Education MHDI Icaraí / Santa Rosa 1,000
Colinas 0,591
The quintiles refer to the pooling of UDH IDHM-E Icaraí / Praia 1,000
Santo Antonio 0,591
Santa Rosa / Vital Brazil 0,947 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Santa Amélia / Parque dos Dinossauros 0,591
data in five equal parts, so that each Complexo Penitenciário de Japeri 0,591 HDUs with lowest Education MHDI UDH IDHM-R
UDH IDHM-E Colinas 0,598
sampling comprises 20% of the data. HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI
Complexo do Rio das Pedras / Arenal II 0,450 Santo Antonio 0,598
UDH IDHM-L
Santa Amélia / Parque dos Dinossauros 0,598
Praias de Ipanema 0,953
Complexo Penitenciário de Japeri 0,598
Lagoa 0,953
Praia de São Conrado 0,953
90
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Salvador
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
the state) POJUCA

MHDI: 0,636
Education MHDI: 0,497 MATA DE SÃO JOÃO

Income MHDI: 0,698
SÃO SEBASTIÃO DO PASSÉ
The MHDI in SÃO FRANCISCO

DO CONDE
the Salvador
DIAS D'ÁVILA
Metropolitan
CAMAÇARI
CANDEIAS
Region MADRE DE
DEUS
SIMÕES FILHO
LAURO DE FREITAS
SALVADOR
ITAPARICA
MHDI VERA CRUZ
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
92
2010
for the state)
POJUCA
the state)
MHDI: 0,743
MATA DE SÃO JOÃO
Income MHDI: 0,754
SÃO FRANCISCO
DO CONDE
The MHDI in
the Salvador
DIAS D'ÁVILA
Metropolitan
CAMAÇARI
CANDEIAS
MADRE DE
DEUS
SIMÕES FILHO
Region
LAURO DE FREITAS
SALVADOR
ITAPARICA
VERA CRUZ MHDI

Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
93
Salvador MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Salvador MR

Created in 1973 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 14/73, the Salvador Metropolitan Region In 2000, 12% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Salvador MR were in the
(MR) is composed of 13 municipalities and covers an area of 4,354 km². Very High Human Development range, while 21% were in the High Human Development
In 2010, the Salvador MR had a degree of urbanization of 98%. Nearly 25% of the state
population resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, Salvador, answered for
75% of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Salvador MR
In 2000, the Salvador MR presented an MHDI of 0.636 and was situated in the Medium
28% 30%
Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.743, moving
25% 21%
up to the High Human Development range. 33% 32%
14% 12%
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of Human Development
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.164. Below is the contribution of the Units (HDUs) in the highest human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. results found between the HDUs that presented the highest levels and the HDUs that presented
the lowest indexes.
2000 2010 Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Salvador MR for 2000 and
2010. The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives
evidence of the retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
29%
26% 34%
36%
1,000
0,900
37%
0,800
38%
0,700
MHDI
0,600
0,400
0,300
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
HDU
2000 2010
94
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the MR, Salvador, and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Salvador MR, one can note that
a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the MR urban nuclei as well
as on the coastal area, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is in the center Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
of the MR. The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human Development ranges are in the
2000 2010
municipalities of Pojuca, Dias D´Avila, Candeias, Camaçari and Simões Filho. 1,00
0,90
0,80
the nucleus-municipality of the MR and on the coastal area of the surrounding municipalities.
0,70
The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs in different parts of the Salvador MR
MHDI
0,60
concentrated in the municipalities of Vera Cruz, Camaçari and São Sebastião do Passé.
0,50
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Salvador MR. 0,40
In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with 0,30
a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase Vicinities Salvador Vicinities Salvador
performance in the Salvador MR improved during that period.

140
120
100
Frequency
80
60
40
20
0.934. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated with
0 an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs in the surrounding municipalities
2000 2010
occurred in the Polo Petroquímico/ Mar e Rios / Vale da Landirana/ Barra do Jacuípe/ Sítio Boa
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. Esperança/ Várzea da Meira/ Coqueiros de Monte Gordo/ São Bento (Camaçari/BA) HDU with
amplitude of 0.162, while to the nucleus-municipality the Ilha de Maré: Santana HDU presented
the greatest growth with an increase of 0.176. The average MHDI values verified in the capital
Inequality in the Salvador MR
presented an evolution of 0.113. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Salvador MR, in absolute average for the surrounding area presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.474, municipality, equal to 0.114. The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced more in the HDUs of
which fell to 0.381 in 2010. the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
95
Map of Quintiles (2010) HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI
UDH IDHM-L
POJUCA
Brotas / Rio Vermelho: Horto Florestal 0,940
Caminho das Árvores 0,940
Itaigara 0,940
MATA DE SÃO JOÃO
Patamares 0,940
Vitória 0,940
UDH IDHM-L
Ilha de Maré 0,714
SÃO FRANCISCO Ilha dos Frades 0,714

DO CONDE
DIAS D'ÁVILA
Nova Constituinte 0,714
Highest and Lowest MHDI in the

CAMAÇARI
CANDEIAS UDH IDHM-E
Candeal: Cidade Jardim 0,940

Salvador MR (2010)
MADRE DE
Chapada do Rio Vermelho / Santa Cruz: Hospital Aliança 0,940
DEUS
HDUs with highest MHDI Ondina 0,940

SIMÕES FILHO
UDH IDHM HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
Candeal: Cidade Jardim 0,959 UDH IDHM-E
Chapada do Rio Vermelho / Santa Cruz: Hospital Aliança 0,959 Barra do Pojuca: Bom Jesus / Lagoa Seca / Tiririca /
0,467
Itapecerica / Baratas / Vila Camaçari
LAURO DE FREITAS
Ondina 0,959
SALVADOR UDH IDHM-R
ITAPARICA
Itaigara 0,952
Patamares 0,952
Candeal: Cidade Jardim 1,000
VERA CRUZ
Vitória 0,952
Chapada do Rio Vermelho / Santa Cruz: Hospital Aliança 1,000
MHDI Itaigara 1,000
UDH IDHM
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,646 Ondina 1,000
Ilha de Maré 0,578
2nd Quintile • 0,647 - 0,712 Patamares 1,000
Ilha dos Frades 0,578
3rd Quintile • 0,713 - 0,775 Pituba 1,000
Nova Constituinte 0,578
4th Quintile • 0,776 - 0,854 Vitória 1,000
Aratu / Ilha de São João: São Raimundo 0,584
5th Quintile • 0,855 - 1,000 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Coroa da Lagoa / Baixa da Jaqueira / Cia II: Riacho Doce
0,584
/ Milagre de Santa Luzia UDH IDHM-R
Cotegipe / Santa Luzia / Dambe 0,584 Ilha de Maré 0,559
Mapele 0,584 Ilha dos Frades 0,559
The quintiles refer to the pooling of data in five equal parts, Santo Antônio do Rio das Pedras 0,584 Nova Constituinte 0,559
96
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Greater São Luís

Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
the state)
MHDI: 0,642
Income MHDI: 0,647
The MHDI in
the Greater ALCÂNTARA
São Luís
Metropolitan
RAPOSA
Region PAÇO DO LUMIAR
SÃO JOSÉ DE RIBAMAR
SÃO LUIZ
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
98
2010
for the state)
the state)
MHDI: 0,755
Income MHDI: 0,721
The MHDI in
ALCÂNTARA
the Greater
São Luís
Metropolitan
RAPOSA
PAÇO DO LUMIAR
Region
SÃO JOSÉ DE RIBAMAR
SÃO LUIZ
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
99
Greater São Luís MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Greater São Luís MR
Created in 1998 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 38/98, the Greater São Luís Metropolitan In 2000, 12% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Greater São Luís MR were in
Region (MR) is composed of five municipalities and covers an area of 2,899 km². the Very High Human Development range, while 23% were in the High Human Development
In 2010, the Greater São Luís MR had a degree of urbanization of 82%. Nearly 20% of the
state population resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, São Luís, answered
and the percentage of HDUs in the Very Low Human Development range fell from 4% to
for 76% of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Greater São
0%, as shown in Graph 2.
Luís MR between 2000 and 2010 was 2% per year.
In 2000, the Greater São Luís MR presented a MHDI of 0.642 and was situated in the Medium 35% 39%
Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.755, moving up 26% 23%
40%
to the High Human Development range. 20%
4% 12%
1%
increased to 0.721.
Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest Human
Development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Greater São Luís MR for 2000 and
2010. The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence
2000 2010

32%
29% 32%
33% 1,000
0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
36%
0,600
38%
0,500
0,400
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
2000 2010
100
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Greater São Luís MR and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Greater São Luís MR, one can note
that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the nucleus-municipality of
the MR, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the vicinities of the Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
Metropolitan Region. The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human Development ranges are
2000 2010
in the municipalities of Alcântara, São Luís and Raposa. 1,00
0,90
0,80
the nucleus-municipality of the MR. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located in
0,70
the different portions of the Greater São Luís MR concentrated in the municipality of Alcântara.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Greater São Luís 0,50
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU Vicinities São Luís Vicinities São Luís
performance in the Greater São Luís MR improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
50
40
Frequency
30
20
10
2000 2010
occurred in the Raposa HDU (Raposa/MA) with amplitude of 0.186 while to the nucleus-
municipality the Cidade Olímpica HDU presented the greatest growth with an increase of
Inequality in the Greater São Luís MR 0.192. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.093. Even
though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities presented
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Greater São Luís MR, in
greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.151. The amplitude
for the set of HDUs reduced more in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among
the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
101
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Greater São Luís MR (2010)

UDH IDHM UDH IDHM
Ponta D'areia / Ponta do Farol / Conjunto São Marcos Alcântara 0,573
/ São Marcos / Renascença: Renascença II / Calhau:
The quintiles refer to the pooling of Quintas do Calhau / Shopping do Automóvel / Olho 0,948
Tibiri / Tajaçuaba / Santa Rosa / Tinair / Ribeira /
Residencial 2000 / Maracujá / Quebra Pote / Tapari / 0,602
D'água: Av. Mário Andreazza / Rua Congonhas / Sesc /
data in five equal parts, so that each Cohajap II / Cohajap / Bela Vista: Geoalfa
Anajatuba / Santa Helena / Igaraú
Parque Estadual do Bacanga / Sítio do Físico / Ferventa
sampling comprises 20% of the data. Praia do Meio / Araçagy: Praia 0,905
/ Pedreiras / Alegria / Vila Maranhão / Porto Grande / 0,602
Recanto dos Nobres / Residencial Planalto Vinhais I / Cajueiro / Tahim / Coqueiro / Inhauma
Vinhais Vi / Planalto Vinhais II / Vila Menino Jesus de Praga
Jaracaty (Jaracati) 0,602
/ Planalto do Calhau / Vinhais V / Parque Atenas / Jardim 0,905
Coelho Neto / Cohaserma / Bela Vista: Frutaria Maça Raposa 0,626
Verde / Jardim das Oliveiras (Cohajoli) / Turu: Bambuzal
Anil: Antiga Lusitana / Av. Santos Dumont / Conjunto
0,897 UDH IDHM-L
Santos Dumont
Ponta D'areia / Ponta do Farol / Conjunto São Marcos
Jardim Atlântico / Conjunto Habitacional Turu / Chácara
0,897 / São Marcos / Renascença: Renascença II / Calhau:
Brasil / Vivendas do Turu
Quintas do Calhau / Shopping do Automóvel / Olho 0,932
João Paulo: Rua Vicente de Paula 0,897 D'água: Av. Mário Andreazza / Rua Congonhas / Sesc /
Cohajap II / Cohajap / Bela Vista: Geoalfa
Maranhão Novo / Ipase: Ipase de Baixo / Ipase de Cima 0,897
Parque Amazonas 0,897
UDH IDHM-L
Portal do Vinhais / Belo Horizonte / Recanto dos Vinhais /
Conjunto dos Ipês / 25 de Maio / Vinhais III / Loteamento 0,897 Jaracaty (Jaracati) 0,713
Vinhais / Residencial Vinhais III / Parque Ângela
Parque Estadual do Bacanga / Sítio do Físico / Ferventa
Renascença: Jardim Renascença / Renascença I / São / Pedreiras / Alegria / Vila Maranhão / Porto Grande / 0,713
0,897
ALCÂNTARA Francisco: Igreja do São Francisco / Conjunto Basa Cajueiro / Tahim / Coqueiro / Inhauma
Sítio Leal 0,897 Tibiri / Tajaçuaba / Santa Rosa / Tinair / Ribeira /
Residencial 2000 / Maracujá / Quebra Pote / Tapari / 0,713
Anajatuba / Santa Helena / Igaraú
RAPOSA
UDH IDHM-E
Ponta D'areia / Ponta do Farol / Conjunto São Marcos
PAÇO DO LUMIAR
UDH IDHM-E
Alcântara 0,475
SÃO JOSÉ DE RIBAMAR HDUs with highest Income MHDI
UDH IDHM-R
SÃO LUIZ Ponta D'areia / Ponta do Farol / Conjunto São Marcos
MHDI HDUs with highest Income MHDI
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,687 UDH IDHM-R
2nd Quintile • 0,688 - 0,749 Alcântara 0,525
3rd Quintile • 0,750 - 0,804
4th Quintile • 0,805 - 0,846
5th Quintile • 0,847 - 1,000
102
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
São Paulo
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
for the state)
MHDI: 0,714 FRANCISCO

MORATO
SANTA ISABEL
Longevity MHDI: 0,790 FRANCO DA ROCHA MAIRIPORÃ
CAJAMAR
Income MHDI: 0,779 PIRAPORA DO

BOM JESUS CAIEIRAS
ARUJÁ
GUARULHOS
GUARAREMA
The MHDI in
SANTANA DE PARNAÍBA
ITAQUAQUECETUBA
BARUERI
the São Paulo

OSASCO POÁ
JANDIRA
ITAPEVI CARAPICUÍBA FERRAZ DE
VASCONCELOS SALESÓPOLIS
MOGI DAS CRUZES
SÃO PAULO
Metropolitan
VARGEM SUZANO
GRANDE TABOÃ O S.C.
BIRITIBA-MIRIM
PAULISTA DA SERRA DO SUL
EMBU
MAUÍ
Region
DIADEMA
COTIA
RIBEIRÃ O PIRES
RIO GRANDE
ITAPECERICA DA SERRA DA SERRA
SANTO ANDRÉ
SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO
EMBU-GUAÇU
SÃO LOURENÇO DA SERRA
JUQUITIBA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
104
2010
for the state)
for the state)
FRANCISCO
MHDI: 0,794
MORATO
SANTA ISABEL
FRANCO DA ROCHA MAIRIPORÃ

CAJAMAR
PIRAPORA DO Income MHDI: 0,812

BOM JESUS CAIEIRAS
ARUJÁ
GUARULHOS
GUARAREMA
The MHDI in
ITAQUAQUECETUBA
BARUERI
the São Paulo

OSASCO POÁ
JANDIRA
ITAPEVI CARAPICUÍBA FERRAZ DE
MOGI DAS CRUZES
SÃO PAULO
Metropolitan
VARGEM SUZANO
GRANDE TABOÃ O S.C.
BIRITIBA-MIRIM
EMBU
MAUÍ
Region
DIADEMA
COTIA
RIBEIRÃ O PIRES
RIO GRANDE
SANTO ANDRÉ
SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO
EMBU-GUAÇU
SÃO LOURENÇO DA SERRA
JUQUITIBA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
105
São Paulo MR Evolution of the MHDI in the São Paulo MR

Created in 1973 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 14/73, the São Paulo Metropolitan Region In 2000, 12% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the São Paulo MR were in the Very High
(MR) is composed of 39 municipalities and covers an area of 7,947 km². Human Development range, while 25% were in the High Human Development range. In 2010 these
proportions corresponded, respectively, to 34% and 40%. In that same period the percentage of
In 2010, the São Paulo MR had a degree of urbanization of 99%. Nearly 48% of the state
HDUs in the Low and Very Low Human Development ranges fell from 29% and 0.3%, respectively,
population resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, São Paulo, answered for
to 0% in both cases and there was no HDU in those ranges in 2010, as shown in Graph 2.
57% of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the São Paulo MR
between 2000 and 2010 was 0.97% per year. Graph 2: distribution of the HDUs according to the 2000/2010 MHDI range
2000 2010
O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) na RM

33% 40%
In 2000, the São Paulo MR presented a MHDI of 0.714 and was situated in the High Human 25%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.794, remaining in the 29% 34%
26%
0,3%
MHDI was 0.790 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.853. The Income MHDI was 0.779 and Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
increased to 0.812.
Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest Human
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.131. Below is the contribution of the presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the São Paulo MR for 2000 and 2010. The
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
2000 2010

30% 1,000
27% 34%
36% 0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
0,600
36%
37% 0,500
0,400
0,300
Longevity Education Income 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
HDU
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 2000 2010
106
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the São Paulo MR and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the São Paulo MR, one can note that
a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the main municipality (central
portion) and in many surrounding municipalities, while the largest part of HDUs with lower Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
MHDI values is located in the surrounding areas along the MR frontier.
2000 2010
1,00
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe a notable expansion of the areas with Very High
0,90
and High MHDI values, while some Medium Human Development areas remain concentrated
0,80
northward and southward the MR, additionally to some spread around the central nucleus of
0,70
the main municipality.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the São Paulo 0,50
with a Medium, Low or Very Low MHDI. Thus, it can be noted that there was an increase 0,30
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs Vicinities São Paulo Vicinities São Paulo
performance in the São Paulo MR improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
1200
between 0.625 and 0.965, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of
1000
the HDUs presented indexes between 0.692 and 0.842. There was, however, a reduction in the
800
Frequency
600
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had an MHDI between
400
200
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.508 and 0.909, which in 2010 varied between 0.633 and
0
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. occurred in the Amoritas HDU (Santo André/SP) with amplitude of 0.191 while to the nucleus-
municipality the Líder HDU presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.183. The
average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.095. Even though
Inequality in the São Paulo MR
beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities presented greater
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the São Paulo MR, in absolute evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.111. The amplitude for the
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs
0.453, which fell to 0.340 in 2010. for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
107
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the São Paulo MR (2010)
HDUs with highest MHDI
UDH IDHM
Berrini / Vila Funchal: Estação Berrini 0,965

FRANCISCO
Jardim Paulistano: Delegacia de Polícia Participativa
MORATO 0,965
SANTA ISABEL (14ª DP)
FRANCO DA ROCHA MAIRIPORÃ
Vila Cordeiro: Escola Nat Gin Bioswin Ltda 0,965
CAJAMAR
Vila Madalena: Estação Santuário Nossa Senhora de Fátima
PIRAPORA DO 0,965
BOM JESUS CAIEIRAS (Sumaré)
ARUJÁ
GUARULHOS
GUARAREMA Vila Madalena: Estação Vila Madalena 0,965
ITAQUAQUECETUBA
UDH IDHM
BARUERI
Jardim Capela: E.E. Professora Amelia Kerr Nogueira 0.625
OSASCO POÁ
ITAPEVI
JANDIRA
CARAPICUÍBA FERRAZ DE
A. E. Carvalho 0,632
MOGI DAS CRUZES
SÃO PAULO A.E. Carvalho: Escola Municipal Antonio Duarte Almeida 0,632
VARGEM
TABOÃ O S.C.
SUZANO Cidade Líder 0,632
GRANDE BIRITIBA-MIRIM
EMBU
Gleba do Pêssego: Vila Nova Cabaré 0,632
MAUÍ
DIADEMA
Itaquera: Centro de Educação Infantil Irmã Mariana Sala 0,632
COTIA
RIBEIRÃ O PIRES
Itaquera: Lopes Supermercados 0,632
RIO GRANDE
Jardim Eliane 0,632
SANTO ANDRÉ Jardim Marabá 0,632
SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO Jardim Santa Terezinha II 0,632
EMBU-GUAÇU José Bonifácio: Escola de Educação Infantil Edukar Sc

SÃO LOURENÇO DA SERRA 0,632
Ltda Me
MHDI José Bonifácio: Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil

0,632
Ronald de Carvalho
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,680
JUQUITIBA Santa Marcelina: Rua Casa da Boavista / Residencial Veredas
2nd Quintile • 0,681 - 0,733 0,632
do Carmo
3rd Quintile • 0,734 - 0,780
Sem denominação (1355030813035) 0,632
4th Quintile • 0,781 - 0,846
Vila Muna 0,632
5th Quintile • 0,847 - 1,000
UDH IDHM-L
Morumbi: Jóquei Clube / Estádio do Morumbi 0,957
Parque Interlagos: E.E. Gil Vicente 0,957
Rio Pequeno: CEI Nossa Senhora da Assunção 0,957
Vila Maria: Rua Severa / Rua Magarinos Torres 0,957

108
HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI Bosque da Saúde 1,000 Jardim Ibirabuera / Giovani Gronchi: Condomínio Vila das Vila Andrade 1,000
1,000
Cores
UDH IDHM-L Brooklin 1,000 Vila Clementino: Estação Santa Cruz 1,000
Jardim Miriam: Condomínio Residencial Cupecê 1,000
Bandeiras: Cecilia Meireles Colégio / Escola de Educação Butantã 1,000 Vila Cordeiro: Escola Estadual Professor Ennio Voz 1,000
0,734
e Recreação Nova Era Ltda Sc Lt Santa Maria Jardim Miriam: Condomínio Residencial Cupecê II 1,000
Campo Belo 1,000 Vila Cordeiro: Escola Nat Gin Bioswin Ltda 1,000
Bel Jardim (C2) 0,734 Jardim Paulistano 1,000
Campo Belo: Hospital Dente de Leite 1,000 Vila Cordeiro: Hospital São Francisco de Assis Sc Ltda 1,000
Bonança Padroeira: Escola de Educação Infantil Sonho de Jardim Paulistano: Delegacia de Polícia Participativa /
0,734 Ceasa / Vila Leopoldina / Vila Hamburguesa 1,000 1,000 Vila Cordeiro: Universidade Anhembi Morumbi 1,000
Crianca S / C L 14ª Delegacia de Polícia
Cidade Munhoz Júnior 0,734 Chácara Itaim: Centro de Integração Empresa-Escol Jardim São Luís / Karapitangui Praia Hotel: Conjunto Vila Curuçá: Escola Estadual Engenheiro Pedro Viriato
1,000 1,000
Teatro Espaço Sociocultural (CIEE) / Cemitério Green 1,000 Residencial Parque das Nações / Rua Gregório Allegri Parigot de Souza / São Francisco Colégio
Cidade Munhoz Júnior / A Bonança 0,734 Business do Brasil Ltda / Jardim Europa
Jardim São Luís / Karapitangui Praia Hotel: Conjunto Vila Madalena: Cemitério São Paulo 1,000
Jardim Helena Maria / D I 0,734 Chácara Itaim: Parque Municipal Mario Pimenta 1,000
1,000 Residencial Parque das Nações / Rua Gregório Allegri
Camargo Vila Madalena: Escola Municipal de Ensino
Jardim Mutinga / Ba 0,734 Jardins / Trianon 1,000 Fundamental Basilio Machado / Escola Municipal de 1,000
Chácara Klabin / Santa Cruz / Vila Clementino 1,000 Escola Municipal Olavo Pezzotti
Jardim Paulista / W 0,734 Jurubatuba: Colégio Magno 1,000
Cidade Ademar: Condomínio Residencial Liberty 1,000 Vila Madalena: Estação Santuário Nossa Senhora de
Jardim São Jorge / Az 0,734 1,000
Juscelino Kubitschek: Gremio Recreativo e Cultural Escola Fátima / Sumaré
Cidade Ademar: Escola Estadual Professor Luiz Simioni de Samba Zum Z / Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil 1,000
Padroeira: Escola de Educacao Infantil Sonho de Crianca 1,000
Sobrinho Oduvaldo Vianna Filho Vila Madalena: Estação Vila Madalena 1,000
S / C L Bandeiras: Cecilia Meireles Colégio / Escola de 0,734
Educação e Recreação Nova Era Ltda Sc Lt Cidade Ademar: Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil Cora Marechal Deodoro: Estação Marechal Deodoro 1,000 Vila Maria: Rua Severa / Rua Magarinos Torres 1,000
1,000
Coralina
Santa Maria Cidade Munhoz Júnior / A 0,734 Moema: Faculdade Ítalo Brasileira 1,000 Vila Mariana 1,000
Cidade Ademar: Hospital Instituto de Psiquiatria
Vila Menck / Ck 0,734 1,000 Vila Nova Conceição / Moema / Jardim Luzitânia /
Comunitaria Morumbi: Jóquei Clube / Estádio do Morumbi 1,000 1,000
Parque Ibirapuera
HDUs with highest Education MHDI Cidade Universitária: Hospital Grupo de Socorristas Maria Museu de Arte de São Paulo (MASP) / Bela Vista 1,000
de Magdala / Hospital Vital Brasil / Hospital Instituto 1,000 Vila Olímpia 1,000
UDH IDHM-E Butanta Pacaembú / Higienópolis 1,000
Vila São Pedro / Condomínio Portal do Brooklin:
Berrini / Vila Funchal: Estação Berrini 0,948 1,000
Clínicas / Trianon 1,000 Pamplona 1,000 Av. Interlagos / Rua José Neves
Jardim Paulistano: Delegacia de Polícia Participativa (14ª Clínicas: Goethe-Institut São Paulo / Cemitério Público do Paraíso 1,000 Vila Socorro: Creche Tupa Maravilha 1,000
0,948 1,000
DP) Redentor
Parque Interlagos: Escola Estadual Gil Vicente 1,000 Vila Sônia: Escola Estadual Dona Ana Rosa de Araujo /
Vila Cordeiro: Escola Nat Gin Bioswin Ltda 0,948 1,000
Condominio Privilege 1,000 Wise Up
Parque Savoy: Condomínio Reserva do Alto 1,000
Vila Madalena: Estação Santuário Nossa Senhora de Consolação 1,000 Vila Sônia: Escola Estadual Professor Andronico de Mello 1,000
0,948
Fátima (Sumaré) Parque Savoy: Condomínio Residencial City Park 1,000
Coruruquara: Condomínio Residencial Morada dos HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Vila Madalena: Estação Vila Madalena 0,948 1,000 Perdizes 1,000
Pinheiros
UDH IDHM-R
HDUs with lowest Education MHDI Cupece / Condomínio Portal do Brooklin: Av. Interlagos 1,000 Pinheiros 1,000
Bel Jardim (C2) 0.608
UDH IDHM-E Cupece / Condomínio Portal do Brooklin: Av. Interlagos / Pinheiros: Centro Brasileiro Britânico 1,000
1,000 Bonança 0.608
Paraisópolis 0,516 Rua Engenheiro Dagoberto Salles Filho
Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC) / Cardoso de
1,000
Goiás / Barcelona: Cemitério São Caetano São Caetano Almeida Cidade Munhoz Júnior 0.608
HDUs with highest Income MHDI 1,000
do Sul
Portal do Morumbi 1,000 Jardim Helena Maria / D I 0.608
UDH IDHM-R
Granja Julieta / Chácara Santo Antônio 1,000
Portal do Morumbi: Edifício Villaggio Di Portofino 1,000 Jardim Mutinga / Ba 0.608
Aclimação 1,000
Guarapiranga: Creche Nossa Senhora do Caminho 1,000
Rio Pequeno: Centro de Educação Infantil Nossa Senhora Jardim Paulista / W 0.608
Águia de Haia: Condomínio Alfazemas II 1,000 1,000
Guarapiranga: Parque Atlético Indiano (CAI) 1,000 da Assunção
Jardim São Jorge / Az 0.608
Alphaville Santana / Chácara Das Garças 1,000 Santo Amaro / Chácara Flora 1,000
Jardim / Tamanduateí 3 1,000
Padroeira: Escola de Educação Infantil Sonho de Crianca
Alto da Lapa 1,000 0.608
Jardim Aeroporto: Escola Municipal de Ensino Sumaré 1,000 S/CL
1,000
Alto de Pinheiros 1,000 Fundamental Bernardo O' Higgins
Tamboré / Alphaville Barueri 1,000 Santa Maria 0.608
Bandeirantes 1,000 Jardim Bela Vista / Vila Bastos 1,000
Vieira de Morais: Shopping Campo Belo 1,000 Vila Menck / Ck 0.608
Berrini / Vila Funchal: Estação Berrini 1,000 Jardim Cambará: Escola de Educação Infantil Fazendinha
1,000 Vieira de Morais: União das Instituições Eduçacionais do Bandeiras: Cecilia Meireles Colégio / Escola de Educação
Encantada S / C Lt 1,000 0.608
Estado de São Paulo Unidade Brooklin (Uniesp) e Recreação Nova Era Ltda Sc Lt
Berrini / Vila Funchal: Shopping D & D Decoração e
1,000 Jardim da Glória 1,000
Design Center Vieira de Morais: União das Instituições Eduçacionais do Cidade Munhoz Júnior / A 0.608
1,000
Jardim Europa 1,000 Estado de São Paulo Unidade Brooklin (Uniesp)
Berrini / Vila Funchal: Shopping D & D Decoração e
1,000
Design Center
109
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Greater Vitória
Metropolitan Region
2000
for the state)
for the state) FUNDÃO

MHDI: 0,678
Income MHDI: 0,726
SERRA
The MHDI in the

Greater Vitória
Metropolitan CARIACICA VITÓRIA
Region
VIANA
VILA VELHA
MHDI GUARAPARI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
110
2010
for the state)
FUNDÃO for the state)
MHDI: 0,772
Income MHDI: 0,782
SERRA
The MHDI in the

Greater Vitória
CARIACICA VITÓRIA
Metropolitan
Region
VIANA
VILA VELHA
GUARAPARI MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
111
Greater Vitória MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Greater Vitória MR

Created in 1995 by the State Complementary Law Nº 58/95, the Greater Vitória Metropolitan In 2000, 15% of the HDUs in the Greater Vitória MR were in the Very High Human
Region (MR) is composed of seven municipalities and covers an area of 2,331 km². Development range, while 23% were in the High Human Development range. In 2010 these
proportions corresponded, respectively, to 31% and 35%. In the same period, the percentage
In 2010, the Greater Vitória MR had a degree of urbanization of 98%. Nearly 48% of the state
of HDUs in the Low Human Development range fell from 29% to 0% and the percentage of
population resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, Vitória, answered for
HDUs in the Very Low Human Development range fell from 7% to 0%, as shown in Graph 2.
19% of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Greater Vitória MR
between 2000 and 2010 was 1.61% per year. Graph 2: distribution of the HDUs according to the 2000/2010 MHDI range
2000 2010
The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) in the MR 26% 35%
In 2000, the Greater Vitória MR presented an MHDI of 0.678 and was situated in the Medium 29%
23%
33% 31%
Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.772, moving up
15%
to the High Human Development range. 7%

increased to 0.782. Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Greater Vitória MR for 2000 and 2010.
2000 2010

1,000
27%
34% 30% 0,900
35%
0,800
0,700
MHDI
0,600
38%
36% 0,500
0,400
0,300
0 50 100 150 200 250
Longevity Education Income
HDU
2000 2010
112
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Greater Vitória MR and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Greater Vitória MR, one can note
that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the MR urban nuclei and
coastal area, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is spread all over the MR. Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human Development ranges are in the municipalities of
2000 2010
Cariacica, Serra, Vila Velha and Guarapari. 1,00
0,90
0,80
the nucleus-municipality of the MR. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located
0,70
in the different portions of the Greater Vitória MR distributed over several municipalities.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Greater Vitória 0,50
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs Vicinities Vitória Vicinities Vitória
performance in the Greater Vitória MR improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
80 between 0.678 and 0.961, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of the
70 HDUs presented indexes between 0.752 and 0.903. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
60
Frequency
50
40
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had an MHDI between
30
20
10 in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.467 and 0.913, which in 2010 varied between 0.609 and
2000 2010
occurred in the Barramares / Ulisses Guimarães / 23 de Maio / São Conrado / Cidade da Barra
HDU (Vila Velha/ES) with amplitude of 0.167 while to the nucleus-municipality the Santos
Inequality in the Greater Vitória MR Dumont HDU presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.147. The average MHDI
values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.051. Even though beginning with
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Greater Vitória MR, in
a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities presented greater evolution than
that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.094. The amplitude for the set of HDUs
reduced more in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the
113
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Greater Vitória MR (2010)
HDUs with lowest MHDI HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
UDH IDHM UDH IDHM-E

FUNDÃO
Barro Vermelho / Santa Luíza 0,961 Adalberto Simão Nader 0,486
Mata da Praia: Orla 0,961 Baía Nova / Todos os Santos / Rio da Prata / São Félix /
The quintiles refer to the pooling of Santa Rita / Cabeça Quebrada
0,486
Mata da Praia: Pedra da Cebola 0,961
data in five equal parts, so that each Bela Vista 0,486
Praia do Canto / Ilha do Boi / Ilha do Frade / Enseada do Suá 0,958
sampling comprises 20% of the data. Camurugi 0,486
Praia da Costa: Orla 0,957
Paturá / Elza Nader 0,486
Portal 0,486
UDH IDHM
SERRA São Gabriel 0,486
Adalberto Simão Nader 0,609
São João do Jaboti / Pau D'Alho / Rio Grande / Boa Vista
Baía Nova / Todos os Santos / Rio da Prata / São Félix / 0,486
0,609 / Jaqueira / Reta Grande: Rural
Santa Rita / Cabeça Quebrada
Bela Vista 0,609
MHDI UDH IDHM-R
Camurugi 0,609
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,658
Barro Vermelho / Santa Luíza 1,000
Paturá / Elza Nader 0,609
2nd Quintile • 0,659 - 0,712
Mata da Praia: Orla 1,000
Portal 0,609
3rd Quintile • 0,713 - 0,772 CARIACICA VITÓRIA
Mata da Praia: Pedra da Cebola 1,000
São Gabriel 0,609
4th Quintile • 0,773 - 0,842
Praia da Costa: Orla 1,000
São João do Jaboti / Pau D'Alho / Rio Grande / Boa Vista
5th Quintile • 0,843 - 1,000 0,609
/ Jaqueira / Reta Grande: Rural Praia do Canto / Ilha do Boi / Ilha do Frade / Enseada do Suá 1,000
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI HDUs with highest Income MHDI

VIANA
Praia do Canto / Ilha do Boi / Ilha do Frade / Enseada do Suá 0,942 Flexal II / Nova Canaã / Pica-Pau / Porto das Pedras / Vila
0,604
Cajueiro
VILA VELHA
Mucuri / São Gonçalo 0,604
UDH IDHM-L
Central Carapina / Cantinho do Céu 0,749
UDH IDHM-E
Jardim da Penha: Av. Fernando Ferrari 0,962
GUARAPARI
114
Technical Specifications
MHDI
The MHDI is measured by the geometric average of the three sub-indexes of the dimensions
How is this indicator calculated?
that compose the index: longevity, education and income.
The suggested demographic indicators in Atlas of Human Development in Brazil - including life expectancy at birth -
cannot be obtained directly from information in Demographic Censuses - thus, indirect techniques are used.
Longevity Dimension These methods - the technique for calculating the mortality rate of children and young people, the indicators of
longevity and mortality, as well as the technique to calculate the total estimated fertility rate in total - were developed
Long and Healthy Life by William Brass (1968).
However, it should be noted that the techniques used required some adjustments for application in locations with small
In the MHDI, this dimension is measured by the life expectancy at birth.
populations, such as in many municipalities or areas within municipalities. This adaptation was made by Professor José
Alberto Magno de Carvalho, from the Center for Regional Development and Planning of (CEDEPLAR), at the Federal
University of Minas Gerais (UFMG).
Furthermore, applying the methodology requires a standard mortality function. Ideally, it would be known as the
mortality pattern of the particular population. When it is unknown, we use standard mortality tables or a mortality
What does the MHDI Longevity consist of? table for a given population, whose mortality pattern is considered similar to that of the population of the study. When
calculating the mortality rates, especially for the Brazilian municipalities and UDH’s, the output tables were used as a
The MHDI Longevity dimension considers the life expectancy at birth, in other words, the average number of that
standard for levels of aggregation for their respective states.
people are expected to live at the moment of birth, in the municipalities, Federal Units (UF), Metropolitan Regions
(RM) or Human Development Units (UDH), while maintaining the same mortality patterns observed in each period. The mortality tables for 1991 and 2000 were based on the Demographic Census of 1991 and on the National Research
by Household Sample (PNAD) of the 1990s. These mortality tables for Brazilian states, developed by CEDEPLAR, were
used as the standard. The tables that already included the results of the Demographic Census of 2010, estimated by
CEDEPLAR, were also adopted for 2010.
What does this indicator measure?

Life expectancy at birth can be considered as an indicator of longevity, as it summarizes the level and structure of
mortality within population a single number. Limitations
The main limitation of this indicator arises from the fact that the mortality standards of the municipalities are
unknown. This gap was filled by adopting the mortality pattern of the state for each municipality, as determined
by survival tables that CEDEPLAR/UFMG has developed for each federative unit of the country. It is recognized that
this is a non-trivial assumption. The same disparities indicated by the survival tables must occur within each state,
Why this indicator? because the interregional inequalities in the country are also reproduced at the state level.
Life expectancy at birth summarizes the social, health and general municipal well-being conditions in order to
examine the mortality rates of different age groups in the area. In order to calculate this indicator, all death causes
are taken into consideration - diseases as well as external causes, such as accidents and violence.
Weight of Variables
In the overall index, there is only one variable with a weight of 1.
115
Comparison and Adjustments with the Global HDI How is the MHDI Longevity Dimension calculated?
MHDI Longevity examines the same indicator as the global HDI. The process of transforming the life expectancy at birth indicator, whose unit is “years of life”, into the Index of
Longevity, requires that we select the maximum and minimum parameters to normalize the indicator, using the
following formula:
I = (observed value - minimum value) / (maximum value - minimum value).
Source of Information
• Maximum age: 85 years • Minimum age: 25 years
IBGE Demographic Census.
Thus, e.g.
Since 1970, the statistics of the Demographic Censuses has enabled the use of the Brass’s technique, providing
the necessary information to calculate fertility indicators: live births during the 12 months preceding the date of If the life expectancy of a municipality is 70 years, its MHDI Longevity would be: (70 – 25) / (85 – 25) = 45 / 60 =>
the Census (current fertility), total of live births (retrospective fertility or parturition) and mortality (total of live MHDI Longevity = 0,750.
births and total of children at the date of the Census) by the age range of women.
Education Dimension
Access to knowledge
Support indicators in analyzing MHDI Longevity Dimension
Within the MHDI, this dimension is measured by the educational level of the adult population
Two blocks of Atlas of Human Development in Brazil indicators can be used as a proxy for the evaluation of
and the educational flow of the young people.
health conditions. The first block consists of longevity and mortality indicators, including the infant mortality
rate, the odds of death within 5, 40 and 60 years of age and life expectancy at birth. The second block consists
of the total fertility rate. The infant mortality rate is one of the most significant indicators, because it reflects the
impact of socioeconomic conditions of the geographical location where the child is born. The more developed
a region is - the more closely related the infant mortality rate is to the endogenous causes determined by the
What composes the MHDI Education dimension?
risks of newborn mortality (first 28 days of life). In less developed regions, in addition to endogenous causes,
the exogenous causes - including malnutrition and infectious and respiratory diseases – add up decisively. The MHDI Education is composed of indicators pertaining to the educational level of the adult population and
probabilities of demise reflect deprivation at different stages of life, in which different causes have negative educational flow of young people.
effects. The behaviour of the total fertility rate is linked to the changes the Brazilian population has gone
through in the so-called demographic transition, during which the rapid decline of fertility levels determined the
population volume and the new, national configuration, in terms of age structure.
What do these indicators measure?

The educational level of the adult population is measured by the percentage of people aged 18 years or older who
have completed primary education.
The educational flow of young people is measured by the arithmetic mean (1) of the percentage of children aged
5 to 6 years attending school; (2), the percentage of young people aged 11 to 13 years attending the final years
of primary school; (3) the percentage of young people aged 15 to 17 years with primary education completed;
and (4) the percentage of young people aged 18 to 20 years with secondary education completed.
116
Why these indicators? Comparison and Adjustments with the Global HDI
The educational level of the adult population reflects how the education system has functioned in previous Like the global HDI, MHDI Education consists of two indicators: one providing information on the educational level
periods. It assumes that the Brazilian adult population ought to have completed at the least primary education on of the adult population and one on the educational level of the school-age population. Nevertheless, the variables
their way through the educational system. are different. For instance, in the Demographic Census 2010 there is no municipal information on the mean years
of schooling for people aged 25 years or older, which is a principal education level measurement for the adult
The measurement of the educational flow of the young people follows the school-age population in four
population in the global HDI. Therefore, the variable had to be adjusted by adopting the share of the population
important moments of their educational life: their entry into the education system, completion of the first cycle of
aged 18 years and older having completed their primary education.
primary education and completion of primary education and secondary education.
For assessing the educational level of young people, the global HDI methodology from 2010 was applied. The
This composition sends an important message: children aged 5 years should already be attending school, children
expected years of schooling is a retention measure for children attending school – regardless of the repetition
aged 12 years ought to attend the final years of primary school, 16-year-olds ought to have completed primary
of courses. However, since the current challenge of Brazil’s education system is the quality and flow of students
education, and young people aged 19 years ought to have completed secondary education. When calculating the
rather than the students’ enrollment, the global HDI methodology does not apply to the Brazilian case. This
indicators, the extension of these age bands is determined by statistic and sample observations
measure also includes higher education, which does not apply to Brazilian municipalities.
How were these indicators calculated?

The indicators are derived from the responses to the questionnaire from the Demographic Census sample.
IBGE Demographic Census
Limitations
Support Indicators in Analyzing the MHDI Education Dimension
The education measurement for young people does not include the entire school-age population or the entirety
In order to arrive at a more detailed and complete snapshot of the municipalities, in terms of education, Atlas
of those attending school. It only captures certain moments in young people’s lives, as they pass through the
Brazil presents a considerable amount of data in addition to the five principal indicators of MHDI Education.
educational system.
This supportive data provides information on different age groups - for instance, on topics such as illiteracy,
This measurement also contains statistic and sample observations - also supplemented by the ideal education levels educational levels (primary, secondary and higher education completed) and school attendance (on a gross and
of the age groups: at 12, attending final years of primary education; at 16, having completed primary education; and net basis, and also taking the schooling delays into account). Atlas also features a variable called Expected Years of
at 19, having completed secondary education. Schooling which is an adaptation of the metric methodology used in the global HDI – but, in this case considering
12 years as maximum years of formal study and adjusting these values for repetition. In other words, it considers
On the other hand, the measurement of adult education is limited in terms of assessing people who have completed
only the adequacy of school attendance until the age of 18. In the case of an ideal educational flow of the young
primary education - excluding those who have entered the education system without completing the grades. In the
people, in which all people attend primary school for 6 years without repetition or abandonment, this indicator
national historical context, the education measurement takes into consideration primary education as the only upper-
assumes the value of 12 years.
limit for adults’ access to knowledge.
Weight of Variables
The educational level of the adult population – weight of 1
The educational flow of the young people – weight of 2
117
Income Dimension
Standard of living
How is the MHDI Education dimension calculated
Considering that attendance and completion rates vary between 0% and 100% and that the minimum and
In the MHDI this dimension is measured by the monthly income per capita.
maximum values chosen are also between 0% and 100%. To “convert” them into an index varying from 0 to 1,
one only needs to divide it by 100.
Thus, if in a municipality:
What does the MHDI Income dimension consist of?
• 65% of the adult population (18 or older) has completed primary education
The MHDI Income examines the municipal income per capita; in other words, the monthly income of the residents in a certain
• 85% of the children aged 5-6 attend school location (municipality, state, metropolitan area or HDU) in Brazilian Reals (R$.) from 1st of August 2010.
• 80% of children aged 11-13 attend the final years of primary school
• 70% of young people aged 15-17 have completed primary education
• 50% of young people aged 18-20 have completed secondary education
What does this indicator measure?
• The educational level of the adult population would be 0,650
Income per capita measures the average capacity of procuring goods and services by the inhabitants of a municipality.
The educational flow of the young people would be the average of the sub-indices referring to the 4 indicators,
with the same weight = (0.850 +0.800 +0.700 +0.500) / 4 = 0.712
The MHDI Education of a municipality is the geometric mean of these two indices, the educational level having a
weight of 1 and the educational flow having a weight of 2 = 0,691.
Why this indicator?
This indicator shows the ability of the inhabitants in a municipality to ensure a decent standard of living to ensure
their basic needs, such as water, food and shelter.
How is the indicator calculated?

The values are obtained from the questionnaire responses of a sample of the Demographic Census. The indicator
presents the ratio of the sum of all income that all of the individuals of the municipality received in the month
prior to the date of the Census, and the total number of these individuals.
The income figures calculated from the Censuses of 1991 and 2000, in cruzeiros of 1st September 1991 and
in reais, of 1st August 2000, were converted into reais from August 1, 2010 (the reference date of the 2010
Census.) For this reason, we used the series from the National Index Consumer Price Index (INPC) from IBGE
(converted into a series centered on the first day of each month) but, considering that this series underestimated
inflation by 22.25% in July/1994 from that date forward, a correcting factor of 1.2225 was applied.
Limitations
The major limitation of this indicator is that it does not examine income inequality among the inhabitants of the
municipality. Hence, a municipality may have a high income per capita, but, at the same time, a large portion of
its population may be living in poverty.
118
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT UNITS (HDU)
Weight of Variables
In the index there is only one variable with a weight of 1.
Obtaining data
In spite of being collected at the residential level, census data is only released in an aggregate way in order to
avoid the exposure of personal information. In the case of information contained on the questionnaire used in
the domicile universe, data is available only for census sectors. In the case of the sample questionnaire, that from
Comparison and Adjustments with the Global HDI which the Atlas obtained the greater part of its information, data is available only for areas under consideration.
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value added by the production of all goods and services over a year To obtain access to data from the questionnaire for spatial divisions different than those corresponding to the
within a given boundary. The GDP per capita is the division of this value by the population of a country that the areas under consideration, the users should submit a project to be evaluated by the IBGE for the proposal of a
UNDP has used for the calculation of HDI of countries and states worldwide until 2010. In 2010, this indicator was new aggregation, while observing the demands for statistical reliability and obeying the criteria that are rigorously
replaced by the GNI (Gross National Income) per capita. The use of GDP per capita becomes inadequate when evaluated by the technical committee. Among the parameters evaluated by the committee, especially highlighted
assessing the income of the inhabitants of a municipality, because not all of the income generated by production is the demand that areas created should have at least 400 private, permanent residences.
within the municipal area is appropriated for the resident population (and vice versa). On the other hand, there are
no municipal statistics for GNI per capita. The alternative used calculates the municipal income per capita obtained Once the project is approved for the creation of new spatial divisions, the researchers utilize a special room made
from the Demographic Census. available by the IBGE, called the “secret room”, where they have access to the micro data of the census according
to the spatial aggregation. The aggregated results obtained based on the micro data have yet to be evaluated for
consistency by the IBGE before being finally released to the user.
The above described process shows the procedures undergone by the project team to obtain the Metropolitan
Region Human Development Atlas, in the case of spatial divisions called Human Development Units (HDU).
The Demographic Census conducted by IBGE What is a census sector?
A census sector is constituted of contiguous areas, delimited to attend the parameter of census collection and
control. It is situated in a single urban or rural block. The number of residences contained and its territorial
dimensions are defined in such a way as to allow information to be collected by one census taker.
Support Indicators in Analyzing the MHDI Income Dimension It is defined due to the censor taker route, considering physical barriers and the layout of the streets. Its
In addition to municipal income per capita, Atlas Brazil presents various supportive indicators (such as income configuration is similar to the routes taken by meter readers, mail deliverers or garbage collectors (in city blocks,
per capita by population quintiles, the ratio between the income per capita of the richest 10% and 20% and large buildings and etc.). With this, it tends to be more homogenous in areas with greater population density and
the income per capita of the poorest 40% of the population, as well as the Gini and Theil Indices) that examine less in sparse areas.
income-related inequalities. Poverty is also reviewed by three poverty lines - R$ 70, R$ 140 and R$ 255. To
calculate these indicators, Atlas has adopted the household income per capita (assuming that all people in the What is a weighting area?
same household have the same income).
A weighting area, in turn, is a geographic unit formed by a grouping of census areas for the application of
calibration procedures of the estimates obtained from the sample with the information known to the population
as a whole.
How to calculate the MHDI Income Dimension

The formula applied to calculate MHDI Income is:
MHDI-I = [ln (municipal income per capita) - ln (minimum value of reference)] / [ln (maximum value of reference) -
ln (minimum value of reference)]
This logarithm applied in the formula brings the maximum values of income per capita closer to the minimum
values – and therefore, it reduces the existing income inequality. However, this procedure assumes that, as the
income per capita increases, the return of this increased income, in terms of human development, decreases.
Maximum amount: R$ 4,033.00 - is equivalent to the amount of the lowest income per capita among the richest
10% of residents at FUs (Federative Units) with the highest average income in the country during the period
analyzed: the Federal District.
Minimum amount: R$ 8.00 - is equivalent to, approximately, US$ 100 PPS (Purchasing Power Standards), which is
the constraint used in calculating the global HDI.
For a municipality with a municipal income per capita of R$ 827.35, the calculation would be as follows:
MHDI-I = (ln 827.35 - 8.00 ln) / (ln 4033.00 - 8.00 ln) => MHDI-I = 0.745.
119
Criteria for the Division of HDUs Limitations

The HDUs were outlined seeking to generate more homogenous areas, from the socioeconomic point of view, In the process of constructing the new agglomerations that would come to be HDUs, many times it was difficult
than the IBGE weighting areas. In other words, they are constructed with the objective of better capturing the to attend the criteria of a minimum showing of 400 permanent, private residences and, simultaneously, observe
diversity of situation related to human development that occurs within the intra-metropolitan spaces, notably the criteria of socioeconomic homogeneity.
in large municipalities, to uncover what is hidden by the aggregate municipal averages, as presented in the
Considering this technological-methodological problem, an agglomeration of non-contiguous areas that had
Municipal Human Development Atlas.
similarities among themselves was chosen, following the aspects previously described, and that could be
While the logic of the IBGE weighting areas meets technical requirements related to the process of collection recognized independently of size. This process of agglomeration was implemented until the minimum size
and samples, the HDUs are directed toward the spatial analysis of the Metropolitan Regions (MR), by means of of 400 permanently sampled private residences was achieved. This procedure is justified, for example, when
spatial divisions of greater socioeconomic homogeneity, with the objective of portraying the intra-metropolitan there are small villas or slums inserted within high-income neighborhoods, or inversely, when there are luxury
inequalities in a more decisive way. condominiums located in low-income neighborhoods or that have domiciles with distinct characteristics.
To propose these new spatial divisions for the analysis and approval of the IBGE, no econometric model was In the end, it was as if new areas of consideration were formed that had greater socioeconomic homogeneity, but
used that could be applied to generate conformity of all HDUs in all MRs in the country. The urban/metropolitan without spatial contiguity.
life characteristics lead to very diverse socio-spatial conformity and the homogeneity obtained by means of
The technical limitation described above demanded the construction of the HDUs to follow two stages. In the first
variable A or B would not necessarily be equal (or would delineate the same area) as measured by a second
stage, the criteria of homogeneity, contiguity and identity should be respected, without necessarily meeting the
variable, considering that the very census areas already bring some level of heterogeneity. Each place has its own
criteria of forming areas with 400 permanent, private residences (though this was desired).
morphology and history of occupying that urban space.
The result of this division, proposed by the Atlas coordination and approved by the Ipea Network partners,
As such, going beyond the possibilities associated with the analysis of the variables available for all census sectors
corresponds to the HDUs as they are presented in the Metropolitan Region Human Development Atlas.
(which could be contemplated by some econometric model) there are diverse situations that could alter the census
sector data (such as the existence of an only apartment building that could alter the data average for a census In the second stage, it was necessary to meet the IBGE criteria and demanded for extraction of the sample
sector) and urban occupation characteristics (such as age and settlement profile), that may not be captured, for questionnaire data (sample census). This implied the need to aggregate homogeneous HDUs into socioeconomic
example, by the income variable and could interfere with the HDU socio-demographic indicators. This requires terms and urban occupation profiles in order to attend the criteria defined for the extraction of information.
that a “customized” proposal be constructed for each HDU for each MR, one that fits the specifications for each
As such, the data presented in the Atlas expresses the average data of the HDUs that were aggregated for the
metropolitan space considered.
purposes of data extraction from the IBGE. In other words, if an HDU presented in the Atlas did not meet the
technical demands imposed by the IBGE, the data presented for that HDU does not pertain exclusively to it. It
is the average of results relative to the HDU in question and other homogenous HDUs that also presented this
technical limitation and which were aggregated for the purposes of data extraction. In this way, the HDUs whose
data was obtained jointly with other HDUs, share the same indicators, except in the case of those indicators that
Locale validation have their origin in the universal census (such as illiteracy and population).
In the process of delimiting the HDUs, it was necessary to count on the knowledge and technical collaboration Another important observation regarding the construction of the HDUs deals with the small municipalities that are
of research institutions in all of the MRs covered by the Atlas. This was necessary so that they could, based on part of the MRs. When a municipality has a small population, in general, with a single area for consideration, it
socioeconomic information at the census sector level (information was made available from the universal census, also corresponds to a single HDU. In this way, its indicators correspond to those observed for the municipality as
such as income, number of bathrooms per residence and more), propose a more homogenous configuration of a whole, given the impossibility of creating a division of its space, even though recognizing the existence of socio-
intra-metropolitan spatial divisions that met IBGE technical demands. spatial inequalities in its territory.
Besides this, these new spatial units should be recognized, including by denominations already used by the
population. As much as possible, these units would be located in aggregations of census sectors that represent
contiguous areas, seeking to facilitate their nomenclature and recognition.
The construction of the HDUs, therefore, was a task that demanded the articulation of an expressive set of Regional Division
partners (articulation by means of the Ipea platform of internet research – Ipea Network). The partners should
propose the configuration of these intra-metropolitan spaces, respecting the IBGE criteria and demands, which This deals with the construction of the HDUs that appear in the Atlas and in the eventual aggregation of HDUs for
should be as homogenous as possible, in socioeconomic terms (homogeneity), contiguous (adjacency) and be the purposes of sample data extraction. The municipalities that have regional divisions compatible with the census
recognized by the resident population (identity). sectors for the 2010 demographic census were respected such that their indicators are available for territorial
levels (administrative regions, regions, districts, sub-districts, etc.), intermediaries and infra-municipalities that are
HDU aggregations that compose these scales.
Demographic Censuses conducted by IBGE.
120
Parceiros institucionais
Apoio institucional
w w w. a t l a s b r a s i l . o r g . b r

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Human Development Atlas in the

Brazilian Metropolitan Regions

PREFACE BY MARILENA CHAVES 15 45 77

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HDI AND MHDI

MEASURING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT:

Metropolitan Regions and human development Life expectancy at birth (2010)

MEASURING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: THE HDI AND THE MHDI

Human development The Human Development ABILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Human development is the process of Index (HDI)

Adapting the HDI

How to Read the MHDI How the MHDI is calculated

Why the MHDI is important • Adjust the methodology to the

PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO

SANTA ISABEL DO PARÁ

SANTA ISABEL DO PARÁ

Belem MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Belem MR

The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) in the MR 2000 2010

Graph 3: 2000/2010 MHDI distribution

Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.

SANTA BÁRBARA DO PARÁ

HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI

BELÉM ANANINDEUA Nazaré: Av. Governador Magalhães Barata 0, 935

Parque Verde: Condomínio Greenville II / Condomínio

Setor Rural (Agrovilas) 0,717

PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO

The MHDI in the

Belo Horizonte PEDRO

Region RIBEIRÃO DAS NEVES

Belo Horizonte MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Belo Horizonte MR

The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) in the MR 2000 2010

Graph 3: 2000/2010 MHDI distribution

Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.

HDUs with highest MHDI HDUs with highest Education MHDI

PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO

Cuiaba River Valley

Education MHDI: 0,533

The MHDI in the NOSSA SENHORA DO LIVRAMENTO

Cuiaba River Valley

SANTO ANTÔNIO DO LEVERGER

NOSSA SENHORA DO LIVRAMENTO

The MHDI in the

SANTO ANTÔNIO DO LEVERGER

The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) in the MR 2000 2010

increased to 0.773. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.

38% 36% 0,700

Longevity Education Income 0,400

Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.

HDUs with highest MHDI HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI

PIAUÍ PERN AMBU CO

Population density: 169,66 inhabit. /km²

Longevity MHDI: 0,793

The MHDI in CAMPINA GRANDE DO SUL

Metropolitan CAMPO LARGO

SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS

High CAMPO DO TENENTE

Medium AGUDOS DO SUL

Population density: 194,42 inhabit. /km²

CAMPINA GRANDE DO SUL

SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS

CAMPO DO TENENTE High

AGUDOS DO SUL Medium

Curitiba MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Curitiba MR

The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) in the MR 2000 2010