Brisbane International School

Mid-term Test -2022(June )

A2 – chemistry

01

(a)(i) Calculate the number of moles of PCl3 and of Cl2 in the equilibrium mixture.
Moles of PCl3 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Moles of Cl2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Calculate the total number of moles of gas in the equilibrium mixture.
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(b) Calculate the mole fraction and the partial pressure of PCl3 in the equilibrium mixture.
Mole fraction of PCl3 .
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Partial pressure of PCl3 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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(c) (i) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kp, for this equilibrium.
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(ii) The partial pressures of Cl2 and PCl5 in the equilibrium mixture were 51.3 kPa and 83.6 kPa,
respectively, and the total pressure remained at 225 kPa.
Calculate the value of Kp at this temperature and state its units.
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(d) State the effect on the mole fraction of PCl3 in the equilibrium mixture if
(i) the volume of the vessel was to be increased at a constant temperature,
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(ii) the temperature was to be increased at constant volume.
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2)
(a)What is meant by the term weak acid?
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(b)

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c)

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 1) The value of pKa for the acid HA and, hence the value Ka
pKa
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Ka………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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(ii) Use the titration curve to find: the range of pH values over which this mixture acts as a
buffer;
from .................................................... to ....................................................

e) Suggest, with reasoning, whether methyl orange or phenolphthalein would be the better
indicator for this titration
Choice ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Reasoning …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(f) Explain why, as the titration proceeds, the flask becomes warm but not as warm as it would
in a similar titration using 1.00 mol dm–3 solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
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(g) A different monobasic weak acid has a dissociation constant of 1.8 × 10– 5 mol dm–3.
(i) Define pH.
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(ii) Calculate the pH of a 1.00 mol dm–3 aqueous solution of this acid
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03)

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Indicator: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Reason: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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.
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(ii) Calculate the pH of a 0.120 mol dm–3 solutions of nitrous acid.
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(iii) Calculate the pH of a buffer solution made by adding 1.38 g of sodium nitrite, NaNO2, to
100 cm3 of the 0.120 mol dm–3 solution of nitrous acid
(Ka = 4.70 × 10–4 mol dm–3).
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(iv) Suggest why a mixture of nitrous acid and sodium nitrite can act as a buffer solution
whereas a solution of sodium nitrite on its own does not
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04

Suggest why methanol has the highest entropy value of the three substances.
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(ii) Calculate the entropy change of the system, Δ system, for this reaction.
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(111)

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V )Show, by calculation, whether it is possible for this reaction to occur spontaneously at 298 K.
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b) When methanol is produced in industry, this reaction is carried out at 400 ºC and 200
atmospheres pressure, in the presence of a catalyst of chromium oxide mixed with zinc oxide.
Under these conditions methanol vapour forms and the reaction reaches equilibrium.
Assume that the reaction is still exothermic under these conditions.

Suggest reasons for the choice of temperature and pressure.

Temperature ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Pressure………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(ii) The catalyst used in this reaction is heterogeneous. Explain this term
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What does the shaded area on the graph represent?
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(ii) Draw a line on the graph, labelled EC, to show the activation energy of the catalyzed
reaction
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11)

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b ) Suggest how the temperature and pressure could be altered to make nitrogen(IV) oxide
more economically. Justify your suggestions by considering both yield an rate.
Temperature…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Pressure ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(i) What property would allow you to follow the progress of this reaction? Justify your
answer.
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 I. What is the order of the reaction with respect to NO(g)? Justify your answer
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II. What is the order of the reaction with respect to O2(g)?
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III. What is the overall order for this reaction?
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IV. Calculate the rate constant, k, for this reaction. Include units with your answer.
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(d) Suggest why this reaction takes place quickly at room temperature and pressure.
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06 .
a) Methanoic acid, HCOOH, is a weak acid. Write a balanced equation, including state
symbols, for the reaction between aqueous solutions of methanoic acid and sodium
carbonate.
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I. There are two conjugate acid-base pairs in the above equation. Identify them by
completing the sentences below:
Formula of one acid is .......................................................... …………………………………
The formula of its conjugate base is .......................................................... ………….

Formula of the other acid is .......................................................... …………………………

The formula of its conjugate base is…………………………………………………………………………….

II. Write the expression for the acid dissociation constant, Ka, for methanoic acid.
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(iii) Calculate the pH of a 0.100 mol dm–3 solution of methanoic acid at 298 K.
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[Ka for methanoic acid is 1.60 × 10–4 mol dm–3 at 298 K]

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 b) A buffer solution is made up by mixing equal volumes of 0.100 mol dm–3 methanoic
acid and 0.400 mol dm–3 sodium methanoate.
(i) Calculate the pH of the buffer solution obtained.

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11 Explain why the pH of this mixture of methanoic acid and sodium methanoate remains
almost constant when a small quantity of an acidic solution, containing hydrogen ions,
or a small quantity of an alkaline solution, containing hydroxide ions, is added.

In your explanation include equations to show the effect of adding hydrogen ions and of adding
hydroxide ions

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c)

(i) Write an equation to represent the ionisation of water.

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(ii) Write the expression for Kw.

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