1A Ch01 WS LevelBoosting E

New Progress in Junior Mathematics 1A (Second Edition)
Directed Numbers
Chapter 1 Directed Numbers
1.1 Introduction to Directed Numbers
1.2 Addition and Subtraction of Directed Numbers
A. Addition of Directed Numbers
B. Subtraction of Directed Numbers
C. Rules for Removing Brackets
1.3 Multiplication and Division of Directed Numbers
A. Multiplication of Directed Numbers
B. Division of Directed Numbers
C. Mixed Operations of Directed Numbers
© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company

Directed Numbers
1.1
Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )
Introduction to Directed Numbers (Refer to Book 1A Chapter 1 pp.1.4 − 1.10.)
1. If +200 is used to represent that $200 are borrowed from the bank, use directed numbers to
represent the following situations.
(a) $20 000 are borrowed from the bank ________
(b) $50 000 are returned to the bank ________
2. If a positive number represents an increase in the price of a toy car, use directed numbers or
zero to represent the following situations.
(a) The price of the toy car decreases by $24. ________
(b) The price of the toy car increases by $16. ________
(c) The price of the toy car remains unchanged. ________
(d) The price of the toy car decreases by $13.5. ________
3. Suppose that +1 represents an increase of weight of 1 kg.

(a) Use directed numbers to represent the following situations.
(i) An increase of weight of 14 kg ________
(ii) A decrease of weight of 5 kg ________
(b) What is the meaning of each of the following?
(i) –32 ________________________
(ii) +11 ________________________
4. Write down the opposite numbers of the following numbers.

2 1
(a) −16 ____ (b) +4.4 _____ (c) ____ (d) − 2 _____
5 3
5. Mark the numbers –3, +1 and +5 on the number line below.
© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 2

Directed Numbers
1 3
6. (a) Mark the numbers –2, − and +1 on the number line below.
2 4
0 +1
3
(b) Does the opposite number of + 1 lie between –1 and –2?
4
7. (a) Mark the numbers –1, –2.5 and +1.5 on the number line on the right.
(b) Mark the opposite number of +1.5 on the same number line.
(c) Is the opposite number of +1.5 smaller than –2.5?
8. The figure below shows a number line.
B –5 C 0 A
(a) Write down the numbers represented by the letters A, B and C according to the number
line.
Solution:
A = ______, B = _______, C = _______
(b) Is the opposite number of the number represented by A greater than the number
represented by B? ________

Directed Numbers
9. In each of the following cases, compare the given numbers by writing the symbol ‘<’ or ‘>’.
2
(a) − ______ 0 (b) +12 ______ –15
3
3 7
(c) –5.8 ______ –6 (d) − ______ −
5 10
10. Among the numbers –5.2, –6, –4.8 and –7, which is the largest number? ________
14
11. Among the numbers +8, − , –3.2 and 0, which is the smallest number? ________
5
12. (a) Mark the numbers 0, –7.5, –5.5, –7 and –8.5 on the horizontal number line below.
(b) Hence, arrange –7.5, –5.5, –7 and –8.5 in ascending order.

_______ < _______ < _______ < _______
3
13. Arrange − , –0.77, –0.8 and –0.7 in descending order.
4
______ > ______ > ______ > ______
1 1 1
14. Arrange , − , 0.3 and – in ascending order.
2 4 5
_____________________________________________
15. The following table shows the change in the Hang Seng Index this week. A positive number
represents a rise of the index.
Index change Directed number
Monday Rises 150 points
Tuesday Drops 128 points
Wednesday Drops 34 points
Thursday Public Holiday
Friday +235
(a) Complete the table.
(b) Arrange the directed numbers in ascending order.

Directed Numbers
16. Suppose that +$1000 represents a profit of $1000 and –$1000 represents a loss of $1000.
(a) What is the meaning of –$3000? ________________________________________
(b) The following table shows the profits or losses of a shop.

Month August September October November December
Profit / Loss +$3000 –$4500 –$7000 +$12 000 +$30 000
(i) Which month had the greatest loss? ________________
(ii) Write down the amount of the greatest profit. ________________
(iii) In July, the profit / loss lied between that in the October and November. Is it
possible that the shop had a loss of $10 000 in July? Explain your answer.
17. Suppose that the changes in the scores of a video game are represented by directed numbers,
for example, +1 represents an increase of 1 point in the score of the video game.
(a) What is the meaning of –400?
______________________________________________________________________
(b) Use directed numbers to represent the following situations.

(i) The score increases from 20 000 points to 25 000 points. ________
(ii) The score decreases from 18 000 points to 15 000 points. ________
(iii) The score changes from 35 000 points to 37 000 points. ________
(iv) The score changes from 17 000 points to 12 000 points. ________
(c) The table below shows the score of Mike at the end of each stage.
Stage 1 10 000 points
Stage 2 8000 points
Stage 3 4500 points
Stage 4 12 000 points
Use directed numbers to represent the following situations.
(i) The score changes from stage 1 to stage 3. ________
(ii) The score changes from stage 2 to stage 4. ________

Directed Numbers
1.2A
Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )
Addition and Subtraction of Directed Numbers

A. Addition of Directed Numbers
(Refer to Book 1A Chapter 1 pp.1.14 − 1.19.)
Calculate each of the following expressions using the given number line (1 – 4).
1. (+3) + (+5)
= __________
2. (–11) + (+7)
= __________
3. (+2) + (–4)
= __________
4. (–6) + (–3)
= __________
5. (a) Calculate (+7) + (–3) using the given number line.
(b) Hence, calculate (+7) + (–3) + (+2) using the given number line.

Directed Numbers
6. (+4) + (–5) + (+2)
= _______ + (+2)  First find (+4) + (–5).
= _______
7. (–1) + (+3) + (–5)

= _______________
= __________
8. (+3) + (–3) + (+4)

=
9. (+6) + (–2) + (–7)

=
10. In a game, Terry lost 3 marks in the first round. He lost 5 marks in the second round.
Suppose –1 represents losing 1 mark.
(a) Use a directed number to represent the total marks he lost in the first two rounds.
(b) If Alice lost 9 marks in the first two rounds, who, Terry or Alice, lost more marks in the
first two rounds? Explain your answer.

Directed Numbers
11. Amy joined a slimming program. In the last 3 months, the changes in Amy’s weight each
month were –7 kg, +2 kg and –3 kg respectively. Find the overall change in Amy’s weight in
these 3 months.
12. At the beginning of April, the balance of Billy’s account was $2000. The changes in the
balance of her account during April and May were +$4000 and –$3000 respectively. Find
the balance of Billy’s account at the end of May.

Directed Numbers
1.2B
Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )

B. Subtraction of Directed Numbers
1. (+2) – (+6)
= __________
2. (–4) – (+5)
= __________
3. (+1) – (–9)
= __________
4. (–8) – (–7)
= __________
5. (a) Calculate (+4) – (–2) using the given number line.
(b) Hence, calculate (+4) – (–2) – (+5) using the given number line.

Directed Numbers
6. (+1) – (+4) – (–6)
= _______ – (–6)  First find (+1) – (+4).
= _______
7. (–6) – (+3) – (+1)

= _______________
= __________
8. (–8) – (–1) – (–9)

=
9. (+5) – (–2) – (+7)

=
10. (–6) – (–2) + (–3)

=
11. (+5) + (–8) – (–4)

=
12. Suppose that +1 represents an increase of 1C and –1 represents a decrease of 1C.
Use a directed number to represent the change in the temperature in each of the following
cases.
(a) Change from 2C to –10C
 Change in temperature = New temperature – Original temperature

Directed Numbers
(b) Change from –12C to –10C
13. The positions of two divers A and B are 5 m and 4 m below the surface of water respectively.
Suppose –1 represents a position 1 m below the surface of water.
(a) Use directed numbers to represent the positions of the divers.
(b) Diver A now dive vertically downwards by 6 m.

(i) Use directed numbers to represent the new position of diver A.
(ii) What is the vertical distance between diver A and diver B?
14. A video recorder will not work if it is at a temperature below –15C. Tom took the video
recorder with him to Norway.
(a) At noon, the temperature was 9C. The temperature dropped 12C at 6 pm. Find the
temperature at 6 pm.
(b) At 9 pm, the temperature dropped 10C further. Did the video recorder work at 9 pm?
Explain your answer

Directed Numbers
1.2C
Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )

C. Rules for Removing Brackets
Useful Tips
Rules for removing brackets in addition and subtraction:

(a) x + (+a) = x + a (b) x − (−a) = x + a
(c) x + (−a) = x − a (d) x − (+a) = x − a
1. In each of the following, circle the correct sign.

(a) 9 + (–2) = 9 + / – 2 (b) 6 + (+3) = 6 + / – 3
(c) 3 – (–4) = 3 + / – 4 (d) 1 – (+6) = 1 + / – 6
Calculate each of the following expressions (2 – 5).

2. +9 − 14 3. –3 – 9 4. –9 + 5 5. –8 – 12
Calculate each of the following by removing brackets (6 – 15).

6. (+8) + (–11) 7. +2 – (–10)
8. (–15) – (+13) 9. –17 + (+19)

Directed Numbers
10. (–27) + (–13) 11. –85 – (–72)
12. (–4) – (–1.2) 13. (+3.4) + (–5.2)
 1  7  6  3
14.  −  +  +  15.  −  −  + 
 4  4  5  5

16. 9 + (–1) + (–8) 17. –7 + (–5) + (+6)
18. –12 – (–4) – (+5) 19. +9 – 0 – (–6)
20. (+13) + (+14) – (–9) 21. (–11) + (+17) – (+8)

Directed Numbers
22. (–9) + (–13) – (–17) 23. (–18) – (–13) + (+15)
24. (+19) + [(+12) – (–11)] 25. (–14) – [(–9) – (+16)]
26. (a) Calculate each of the following by removing brackets.

(i) (–13) – (–21) + (+32) (ii) (–13) + (+32) – (–21)
(iii) (–13) – (+32) + (–21)
(b) In (i), (ii) and (iii), which two of them have the same result? _________________

 3  6  1
27. (–6.3) – (+7) + (–1.8) 28.  −  −  −  +  − 
 5  5  5

Directed Numbers
29. At the beginning of this year, the price of a stock is $5.3. The price drops $1.5 in the first
half of this year. If the price of the stock is $5.9 at the end of this year, find the rise or drop
in the price of the stock in the second half of this year.
30. The stored value of Kate’s Octopus card was –$9. After adding $100 to it, she spent $26 to
buy a drink.
(a) Find the present stored value of the card.
(b) It is given that the minimum stored value of an Octopus card is –$35. After buying the
drink, could Kate pay for a gift of $102 by using her Octopus card? Explain your
answer.
31. In a video game, if the score of a player is not less than –100 points at the end of a round,
the player will enter to the next round. Initially, each player has 500 points. The table below
shows the changes in the scores of Fanny in each round.
Round 1 +350 points
Round 2 –380 points
Round 3 –510 points
Can she enter to round 4? Explain your answer.

Directed Numbers
1.3A
Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )
Multiplication and Division of Directed Numbers

A. Multiplication of Directed Numbers
Useful Tips
Rules for multiplication:

(a) (+a)  (+b) = +(a  b) (b) (−a)  (−b) = +(a  b)
(c) (+a)  (−b) = −(a  b) (d) (−a)  (+b) = −(a  b)

1. (+2)  (+7) 2. 3(+5)
3. (–10)  (+6) 4. –5  13
5. (+15)  (–3) 6. 12(–4)
7. (–9)  (–7) 8. (–4)(–18)

Directed Numbers
 5  3  1
9.  + ( −27) 10.  −    − 
 9  5  6

11. (–6)3 12. –62
 (–6)3 = (–6)(–6)(–6)  –62 = –(62)
13. (+1)  (–4)  (+2) 14. (+5)  (–2)  (–3)
15. (–15)(+2)(–6) 16. (–12)(–4)(–5)
7
17. 5(–3.1)(–6) 18. (–20)  4   
 10 

Directed Numbers
19. (–4)  (–3)3 20. (–4)2(–2)3
 1  1  1  1 
21. (–3)(6)  − 6  22. (+8)( −4)( +2) −   − 
 4  2  4  8 
 Convert the mixed fraction
into improper fraction first.
23. There are 9 questions in a test. Karen got –0.5 mark on each question. Find her total test
marks.
1
24. In a game, a player throws 15 coins. The player gets 3 points for each head and − point
5
for each tail. Find the lowest score that a player can get in the game.

Directed Numbers
1.3B
Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )

B. Division of Directed Numbers
Useful Tips
Rules for division:

+a a −a a
(a) =+ (b) =+
+b b −b b
+a a −a a
(c) =− (d) =−
−b b +b b

+ 15 + 24
1. 2.
+ 30 − 18
− 18 − 72
3. 4.
− 54 + 16
5. (–60)  (+15) 6. (–72)  (–12)

Directed Numbers
7. (+54)  9 8. 48  (–16)
− 16 9
9.  10. (–9.1)  (–1.3)
−3 8
12  2  3
11.  (−24) 12.  +    − 
5  5  5

13. (+63)  (+9)  (–7) 14. +84  (–6)  (–2)
v
15. (–78)  (–13)  (–3) 16. (–88)  (+4)  (–11)
17. 12  (–6)  3 18. (–4)  (–12)  9

Directed Numbers
−8  1  1
19.  ( −3)  2 20. (−6) −    − 
6  4  3
4  3  1  16  3 
21. −   −  22. − 4  − 
9  8  2 5  4
23. There are 25 questions in a quiz. Same marks will be deducted for each wrong answer.
Donald answered all the questions wrongly and he got –75 marks in the quiz. Find the
marks obtained for each wrong answer.
24. The profit of a company was –$150 000 last year. If the profits in each quarter were the
same, find the quarterly profit of the company last year.

Directed Numbers
1.3C
Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )

C. Mixed Operations of Directed Numbers

1. –16 – 6  (–2) 2. (+2)  (–2) – (–11)
 Multiplication or division
should be done first.
3. (–22) + (–10)  (+4) 4. (–55)  (–11) + (–5)
5. (+18) + (+48)  (–12) 6. (–24) – (–20)  (–4)
7. (+3)  [(–7) + (–9)] 8. [(+9) – (+6)]  (–4)

 The operations inside the
brackets should be
performed first.

Directed Numbers
9. [(–6) – (–6)]  (–2) 10. –4  [13 – (–7)]
+ 16 16 − (−8)
11. 12.
(−3) − (+5) −8

13. (–10)  (–4.2) + (–64)  (+8) 14. (–14 + 8)  (–3) + (–31)
15. (+45)  (–9) – (–12)  (+6) 16. (+4)  (+2) – (–35)  (+5)

Directed Numbers
8 − (−24)
17. 18. [7 – (–3)] [3 – (–1)]  2 – (–4)
2 + (−3)
19. (–3)3 – (–2)2 20. 3(–4)3 + 4(–5)2
 − 9   − 7  21
21. (–24)  (–3 + 11) – (–12)  1.5 22.  − 
 4   8  22
23. The sun rises at 6 am and then the temperature rises by 3C every hour. It is given that the
temperature at 6 am is –12C，what time is it when the temperature is 3C?

Directed Numbers
24. In a test, 6 marks are given for a correct answer and −5 marks are given for a wrong answer.
If Alice gets 8 correct answers and 13 wrong answers, what is her score in the test?
25. There are some red balls, yellow balls and blue balls in a box. A player has to draw 6 balls
from the box to gain points marked on the balls. Each red ball, yellow ball and blue ball are
marked +2, –4 and –6 respectively. If Ronald draws 3 red balls, 2 yellow balls and 1 blue
ball, find the score he obtains.
26. In a game, a player tosses a coin 5 times. The player gets 3 marks for a head and –2 marks
for a tail.
(a) If John gets 1 head and 4 tails, find his total score.
(b) It is given that Ann gets 2 heads and 2 tails in the first 4 tosses. She claims that the total
score of her in the game must be positive. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
 Find the possible total mark

of Ann first.

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New Progress in Junior Mathematics 1A (Second Edition)

Chapter 1 Directed Numbers

1.1 Introduction to Directed Numbers

1.2 Addition and Subtraction of Directed Numbers

A. Addition of Directed Numbers

B. Subtraction of Directed Numbers

C. Rules for Removing Brackets

1.3 Multiplication and Division of Directed Numbers

A. Multiplication of Directed Numbers

B. Division of Directed Numbers

C. Mixed Operations of Directed Numbers

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company

Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )

Introduction to Directed Numbers (Refer to Book 1A Chapter 1 pp.1.4 − 1.10.)

3. Suppose that +1 represents an increase of weight of 1 kg.

4. Write down the opposite numbers of the following numbers.

5. Mark the numbers –3, +1 and +5 on the number line below.

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 2

8. The figure below shows a number line.

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 3

(b) Hence, arrange –7.5, –5.5, –7 and –8.5 in ascending order.

______ > ______ > ______ > ______

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 4

(b) The following table shows the profits or losses of a shop.

(b) Use directed numbers to represent the following situations.

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 5

Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )

Addition and Subtraction of Directed Numbers

5. (a) Calculate (+7) + (–3) using the given number line.

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 6

7. (–1) + (+3) + (–5)

8. (+3) + (–3) + (+4)

9. (+6) + (–2) + (–7)

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 7

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 8

Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )

Addition and Subtraction of Directed Numbers

5. (a) Calculate (+4) – (–2) using the given number line.

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 9

7. (–6) – (+3) – (+1)

8. (–8) – (–1) – (–9)

9. (+5) – (–2) – (+7)

10. (–6) – (–2) + (–3)

11. (+5) + (–8) – (–4)

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 10

(b) Change from –12C to –10C

(b) Diver A now dive vertically downwards by 6 m.

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 11

Name: _________________________ Class: __________________( )

Addition and Subtraction of Directed Numbers

Rules for removing brackets in addition and subtraction:

1. In each of the following, circle the correct sign.

Calculate each of the following expressions (2 – 5).

Calculate each of the following by removing brackets (6 – 15).

8. (–15) – (+13) 9. –17 + (+19)

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 12

10. (–27) + (–13) 11. –85 – (–72)

12. (–4) – (–1.2) 13. (+3.4) + (–5.2)

Calculate each of the following by removing brackets (16 – 25).

18. –12 – (–4) – (+5) 19. +9 – 0 – (–6)

20. (+13) + (+14) – (–9) 21. (–11) + (+17) – (+8)

© Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company 13

Name: _______ Class: ( )

> > >

Name: _______ Class: ( )

Name: _______ Class: ( )

Name: _______ Class: ( )

Name: _______ Class: ( )

Name: _______ Class: ( )

Name: _______ Class: ( )