EXPERIENTIAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION

PROJECT BASED LEARNING

REPORT
ON
A Review of Recent Application of Machining Techniques,
based on the Phenomena of CNC Machining Operations

Report submitted
By

22955A0305, E. GIRISHCHANDRA
21951A0312, N. KIRAN SAI
22955A0306, I. HEMANTH

Department of Mechanical Engineering

INSTITUTEOFAERONAUTICALENGINEERING
(Autonomous)
Dundigal, Hyderabad–500 043, Telangana
Feb, 2024
Abstract:
This review paper focus on the application of various machining techniques based
on the phenomena of CNC operations, the study of different machining operations cannot
be over emphasized due to its importance in the area of manufacturing and production
companies. Therefore, this paper has study various application of this CNC machining
techniques such as minimum quantity lubricant, cryogenic cooling, flood cooling, dry, high
pressure coolant, compressed air / vapour /gas as coolant, solid lubricant/cooling and
vegetable oil and their effect during machining for sustainable development and the study
concluded that researcher still need to carry out more research on a single unique technique
that can operate with multi-delivery lubrication method. Material removal rate is one of the
challenges encounters in the manufacturing process, due to the transformation of a raw solid
material into desired shapes. This investigation involved studying the effects of the three
variables (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut and their interaction) for material
removal rate during turning of AISI 304L stainless steel with cemented carbide inserts
cutting tool. Response surface methodology was employed in the experimental design and
total number of 20 experiments runs were conducted using central composite design. The
level of importance and performance characteristics of the machining parameters on MRR
was determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was observed that the cutting
speed had the most significant effects on the MRR (66.27%) followed by the depth of cut
(21.55%), while feed rate (8.25%) had the least effect on MRR. The result also showed that
the cutting speed and the depth of cut has good interactions during the turning operation.
Backward extrusion has received several applications in the production and manufacturing
sectors, most importantly in the bulk forming processes and various researchers have
carried out several studies about backward extrusion processes in the time past varying
from experimental, theoretical, empirical, analytical to numerical methods in order to
analyze and optimize it. In this present investigation, backward cup extrusion of AA6063
was successfully carried out experimentally and theoretically using tropical coconut oil and
castor oil as lubricants. The experiment was also carried out without lubrication.

Objectives :

 Enhance precision: CNC machining aims to achieve unparalleled precision in

manufacturing processes. Recent applications focus on refining CNC techniques to
produce components with extremely tight tolerances, ensuring consistency and
accuracy in the final product.
 Improve efficiency: Recent advancements in CNC machining techniques
prioritize optimizing machining processes to increase efficiency. This includes
reducing cycle times, minimizing material waste, and enhancing tool life, leading to
higher productivity and lower production costs
 Surface finish Enhancement: Achieving superior surface finishes is essential in
many CNC machining applications, especially in industries like automotive and
electronics. Recent advancements target refining machining techniques and tooling
strategies to achieve smoother surface finishes, reducing the need for secondary
finishing operations and enhancing the overall aesthetics and functionality of the
manufactured parts.
 Cost Reduction: Cost-effectiveness is a key objective in CNC machining
operations. Recent applications focus on implementing strategies to minimize
production costs, such as optimizing cutting parameters, reducing material waste,
and implementing lean manufacturing principles. Additionally, advancements in
tooling technology and material selection contribute to cost reduction by improving
machining efficiency and prolonging tool life.
  Complex geometry machining: CNC machining enables the fabrication of
intricate and complex geometries that are difficult or impossible to achieve using
conventional machining methods. Recent applications focus on pushing the
boundaries of geometric complexity, allowing for the production of highly
sophisticated components across various industries, such as aerospace and medical.

Conclusion: Machining is the major art of manufacturing companies in terms of

producing good quality product, this process involves the machine parameters, lubricants and
the environment. Due to the ecological pollution the government regulations encourage
manufacturing industry to implement machining techniques that are environmental friendly in
their operations. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the different machining
techniques and conclude that though MQL techniques is steel the best operating technique, but
there are needs for researchers to develop a single technique that can multi-deliver lubricant
(that contains high pressure, vegetable oil and MQL) with effective performance.