Atomic emission spectroscopy using plasma as a excitation

source

Introduction

An atomic emission spectrometer is similar in design to the instrumentation for

atomic absorption

Principle
Atomic emissions spectrometer is based on the principle that when thermal

energy is given in form of light and heat the sample molecules will get excited and

move from low energy level to high energy level .At that state molecules are unstable

So ,they jump from high energy level to low energy level so the emitt radiation In

Form of wavelengths .These radiation are recorded in emissions spectrometer

Instrumentation

Excitation source
In atomic emission spectroscopy the excitation sources are
1:flame as excitation source 2: Direct current plasma

3: Arc and Sparks 4: Inductive couple plasma

Plasma as Excitation source ;

Flame are used as excitation source in old atomic emissions spectrometer but
now a day plasma are used as excitation source

Advantage of using plasma

We cannot do elemental analysis by using flame because temperature of flame is 3000to 4000C
but through using plasma we can do analysis of all periodic element

Plasma
Plasma is a Fourth state of matter

It is a mixture of neutral molecules electron and ion

When we heat solid it will get converted into liquid by providing more temperature it

will get converted into liquid.When liquid is further heated it get converted to Gas

On heating Gas the mixture of electron and ion are formed which is known as plasma

Artificial plasma Natural plasma

It exsist at low temperature It exsist at high temperature

It is unstable It is stable

E.g Sun. Neon lights

Stars tube light

Occurrence of Plasma
Plasma is present everywhere about 99% of universe is made of plasma

1:The sun is 1.5million km ball of plasma

2:The neon and tube light contains plasma

3: It is present in inter stellar space

4:It is found in Arora

Inductive couple plasma

Inductive couple plasma was first introduced by Velmer Fessel and Greenfield
then it commercially available instrument made in 1970' in

Atomic emissions spectrometry the plasma is mixture of ionized argon

Gas and electron

Temperature limit
It's temperature range is 6000k to 10000k
Instrumentation
1Quartz bonnet
It is used to maintain the temperature.
2:Radio frequency coil
The range of these coil is 5-75Mhz
3;Plasma tube
Argon gas is supplied by plasma inlet tube
4:Sample inlet
The sample and argon in form of mist enter into
sample inlet
5:Coolant inlet
Argon gas is supplied again tangentially in order
to maintain the body temperature if the Gass is
not supplied then body will get melted

Sample and gas in nebulizer form mist the mist

move into sample inlet and carried above ,at
high temperature the argon gas produced ions
and electron.Magnetic field is applied by radio
frequency coil ions and electron move in
circular path collision take place between them
and atom get excited after sometime
dexcitation occur and radiation are emitted
these radiation are passed in detector and
peaks are formed .