Kvs Lucknow

SET-1
केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन , लखनऊ संभाग

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, LUCKNOW REGION
SESSION 2023-24/सत्र -2023-24
PRE- BOARD/ प्री-बोर्ड
Class XII /कक्षा-12
SUBJECT –ECONOMICS /विषय- अर्थशास्त्र
अधिकतम समय : 3 घंटे अधिकतम अंक : 80

Max Hours: 3 Hrs. Max Marks: 80
सामान्य निर्देश:
निम्नलिखित निर्देशों को बहुत ध्यान से पढ़ें और उनका सख्ती से पालन करें :
1. इस प्रश्न पत्र में दो खंड हैं:

खंड अ: समष्टि अर्थशास्त्र,
खंड ब: भारतीय आर्थिक विकास
2. इस प्रश्न-पत्र में 20 बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न हैं, जिनमें से प्रत्येक 1 अंक का है ।
3. इस प्रश्न-पत्र में 4 लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न हैं, जिनमें से प्रत्येक के 3 अंक हैं, जिनका उत्तर 60 से 80 शब्दों में दे ना है ।
4. इस प्रश्न-पत्र में 6 लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न हैं, जिनमें से प्रत्येक के 4 अंक हैं, जिनका उत्तर 80 से 100 शब्दों में दे ना
है ।
5. इस प्रश्न-पत्र में 6-6 अंकों के 4 दीर्घ उत्तरीय प्रश्न हैं जिनका उत्तर 100 से 150 शब्दों में दे ना है ।
General Instructions:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:
1. This question paper contains two sections:
Section A: Macro Economics
Section B: Indian Economic Development
2. This paper contains 20 Multiple Choice Questions type questions of 1 mark each.
3. This paper contains 4 Short Answer Questions type questions of 3 marks each to be answered in
60 to 80 words.
4. This paper contains 6 Short Answer Questions type questions of 4 marks each to be answered in
80 to 100 words.
5. This paper contains 4 Long Answer Questions type questions of 6 marks each to be answered in
100 to 150 words.
Q.NO. SECTION A: MACRO ECONOMICS MARK

S
1 एक वाणिज्यिक बैंक को भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक के पास कुल जमाराशियों का अनप
ु ात कहा जाता है : 1
(सही विकल्प चन
ु ें)
(ए) वैधानिक तरलता अनप
ु ात (बी) जमा अनप
ु ात
(सी) नकद आरक्षित अनप
ु ात (डी) कानन
ू ी आरक्षित अनप
ु ात
The ratio of total deposits that a commercial bank has to keep with Reserve Bank of India is
called : (choose the correct alternative)
Page 1 of 12
(a) Statutory liquidity ratio (b) Deposit ratio
(c) Cash reserve ratio (d) Legal reserve ratio
2 निम्नलिखित कथनों को ध्यान से पढ़ें : 1
कथन 1 - स्टॉक चर वे चर हैं जिनकी मात्रा किसी विशेष समय पर मापी जाती है ।
कथन 2 - हम एक विशिष्ट अवधि में स्टॉक में बदलाव को माप सकते हैं। स्टॉक में इस तरह के
बदलाव प्रवाह हैं।
दिए गए कथनों के आलोक में , निम्नलिखित में से सही विकल्प का चयन कीजिए:
(ए) कथन 1 सत्य है और कथन 2 गलत है
(बी) कथन 1 गलत है और कथन 2 सत्य है
(सी) कथन 1 और 2 दोनों सत्य हैं
(डी) कथन 1 और 2 दोनों गलत हैं
Read the following statements carefully:
Statement 1 – Stock variables are those variables whose quantity is measured at a
particular point of time.
Statement 2 - we can measure a change in stock over a specific period of time. Such
changes in stocks are flows.
In the light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following:
(a) Statement 1 is true and statement 2 is false
(b) Statement 1 is false and statement 2 is true
(c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true
(d) Both statements 1 and 2 are false
OR
निम्नलिखित कथनों को ध्यान से पढ़ें :
कथन 1 - स्वरोजगार की मिश्रित आय स्वयं के अपने लिए कार्य करने वाले श्रमिकों और अनिगमित
उद्यमों की आय है ।
कथन 2 - स्वरोजगार की मिश्रित आय राष्ट्रीय आय के अनम ु ान में शामिल नहीं है ।
Statement 1 – Mixed income of self-employed is the income of own account workers and
unincorporated enterprises.
Statement 2 – Mixed income of self-employed is not included in the estimation of national
income.
3 किसी दिए गए दे श के निम्नलिखित डेटा को दे खें: 1
सं. आइटम आइटम का मल् ू य
(मिलियन यए ू स
डॉलर में .)
1. निर्यात (माल का) 150
2. आयात (माल का) 200
3. शद्
ु ध अदृश्य 20
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा गलत है ?
(ए) व्यापार संतल
ु न दे श के लिए प्रतिकूल है ।
Page 2 of 12
(बी) भगु तान संतलु न डेटा द्वारा निर्धारित नहीं किया जा सकता है ।
(c) चालू खाता घाटा 30 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर है ।
(डी) 50 मिलियन अमेरिकी डॉलर का पज ंू ी खाता अधिशेष है ।
Look at the following data of a given country:
Value (in Million US
No. Items
Dollars
1. Exports (of goods) 150
2. Imports (of goods) 200
3. Net Invisibles 20
Which of the following is INCORRECT?
(a) Balance of trade is unfavourable for the country.
(b) Balance of payment cannot be determined by the data.
(c) There is a Current Account Deficit of 30 million US Dollars.
(d) There is a Capital Account Surplus of 50 million US Dollars.
4 एक लेखा वर्ष के दौरान वांछित बचत कहलाती है : 1
(ए) प्रत्याशित बचत (बी) पर्व
ू -पोस्ट बचत
(सी) वास्तविक बचत (डी) इनमें से कोई नहीं
Desired saving during an accounting year is called:
(A) ex-ante saving (B) ex-post saving
(C) actual saving (D) none of these
5 भारत में स्थित एक कंपनी को विदे श में स्थित एक कंपनी से ऋण प्राप्त होता है । यह लेन-दे न भारत 1
के भग ु तान खाते के संतल ु न में कैसे दर्ज किया जाता है ? (सही विकल्प चन ु ें)
(क) चालू खाते का क्रेडिट पक्ष में (ख) चालू खाते का डेबिट पक्ष में
(ग) पंज ू ी खाते का क्रेडिट पक्ष में (घ) पंज
ू ी खाते का डेबिट पक्ष में
A company located in India receives a loan from a company located abroad. How is this
transaction recorded in India’s balance of payments account?
(Choose the correct alternative)
(a) Credit side of current account (b) Debit side of current account
(c) Credit side of capital account (d) Credit side of capital account
OR
भारत में स्थित एक भारतीय कंपनी विदे श में स्थित एक कंपनी में निवेश करती है । यह लेनदे न
भारत में भग ु तान खाते के शेष राशि में दर्ज किया गया है : (सही विकल्प
चनु ें )
(क) चालू खाते का क्रेडिट पक्ष (ख) चालू खाते का डेबिट पक्ष
(ग) पंज ू ी खाते का क्रेडिट पक्ष (घ) पंज
ू ी खाते का डेबिट पक्ष
An Indian company located in India invests in a company located abroad. This transaction
is entered in India’s balance of payments account on:
(a) Credit side of current account (b) Debit side of current account
(c) Credit side of capital account (d) Debit side of capital account
6 _______ भारत सरकार का एजेंट(प्रतिनिधि) और सलाहकार होता है । 1
(सही उत्तर द्वारा रिक्त स्थानों की पर्ति
ू कीजिए)
_______is the agent and adviser to the Government of India.
(Fill in the blank with correct answer)
7 सरकार 'आय के पन ु र्वितरण' के अपने बजट उद्दे श्य को _________ से प्राप्त कर सकती है 1
(रिक्त स्थान को सही विकल्प से भरिए)
(ए) अर्थव्यवस्था में सामान्य मल्ू य स्तर को वांछित स्तर तक प्रबंधित करना।
(बी) अर्थव्यवस्था के सकल घरे लू उत्पाद (जीडीपी) में वद्
ृ धि।
(c) वस्तओु ं और सेवाओं के उत्पादन को अपने प्रत्यक्ष और पर्णू नियंत्रण में लाना।
(डी) गरीब समर्थक दिशा में करों का यक्ति
ु करण।
Page 3 of 12
The Government can achieve its budget objective of ‘Redistribution of Income’
by____________
(Fill up the blank with correct alternative)
(a) Managing the General Price Level in the economy to the desired level.
(b) Increasing the Gross Domestic Products (GDP) of the economy.
(c) Bringing the production of goods and services under its direct and absolute control.
(d) Rationalisation of taxes in pro-poor direction.
8 यदि किसी अर्थव्यवस्था का उपभोग फलन C = 100+0.4Y है , तो निवेश गुणक का मान खोजें- 1
(सही विकल्प चन ु ें)
(A) 0.4 (B) 2.5 (C) 0 .6 (D) 1.67
If the consumption function of an economy is C = 100+.4Y, then find out value of

investment multiplier- (Choose the correct alternative)
(A) 0.4 (B) 2.5 (C) 0 .6 (D) 1.67

OR
निम्नलिखित में से किस स्थिति में बिना बिके माल की सच ू ी में अनियोजित वद् ृ धि होगी?
(सही विकल्प का चयन करें )
(a) AD > AS (b) AD = AS (c) AD < AS (d) None of these
In which of the following situation, there will be unplanned increase in inventory of unsold
goods? (Choose the correct alternative)
(a) AD > AS (b) AD = AS (c) AD < AS (d) None of these
9 निम्नलिखित कथनों को पढ़ें - कथन (A) और कारण (R): 1
कथन (A): कर सरकारी राजस्व का एक मख् ु य स्रोत है जिसका उपयोग सेवाएं प्रदान करने के लिए
किया जाता है इसलिए कर का भग ु तान करने वालों को सरकारी सेवाओं का उपयोग नहीं करना
चाहिए।
कारण (R): सार्वजनिक सामान गैर-अनन्य और उपभोग में गैर-प्रतिद्वंद्वी हैं।
दिए गए विकल्पों में से सही विकल्प का चयन कीजिए :
विकल्प:
(a) दोनों, कथन (A) और कारण (R) सत्य हैं और कारण (R) कथन (A) का सही स्पष्टीकरण है ।
(b) दोनों, कथन (A) और कारण (R) सत्य हैं और कारण (R) कथन (A) की सही व्याख्या नहीं है ।
(c) कथन (A) सच है लेकिन कारण (R) गलत है ।
(d) कथन (A) गलत है लेकिन कारण (R) सच है ।
Read the following statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R):
Assertion (A) – Tax is a main source of government revenue which is used to provide
services therefore more who pay tax should not use government services.
Reason(R) – Public good are non-exclusive and non-rival in consumption.
From the given alternatives choose the correct one:
Alternatives:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
कथन (A): दो दे शों के बीच अदृश्य वस्तओ ु ं का व्यापार भगु तान संतल ु न के पंज
ू ी खाते का एक हिस्सा
है
कारण (R): दनिु या के बाकी हिस्सों के संबंध में किसी दे श की संपत्ति-दे यता की स्थिति को प्रभावित
करने वाले लेनदे न को पंज
ू ी खाता लेनदे न के रूप में जाना जाता है ।
Page 4 of 12
विकल्प:
Assertion (A): Trade of invisible items between two nations is a part of capital account of
Balance of Payment
Reason(R): Transactions that affect the asset-liability status of a country in relation to the
rest of the world are known as Capital Account transaction.
Alternatives:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion (A).
11 ‘‘ सकल घरे लू उत्पाद (GDP) किसी दे श की अर्थव्यवस्था के आर्थिक कल्याण का सर्वोत्तम सच ू क 3
नहीं है । '' दी गए कथन का मान्य कारणों सहित समर्थन अथवा खंडन कीजिए।
‘‘Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is not the best indicator of the economic welfare of a
country.’’ Defend or refute the given statement with valid reasons.
OR
क्या निम्नलिखित को अंतिम व्यय या मध्यवर्ती व्यय माना जाना चाहिए? अपने जवाब के लिए
कारण दें ।
(i) एक फर्म द्वारा फर्नीचर की खरीद
(ii) एक फर्म द्वारा रखरखाव पर व्यय।
Should the following be treated as final expenditure or intermediate expenditure? Give
reasons for your answer.
(i) Purchase of furniture by a firm
(ii) Expenditure on maintenance by a firm.
12 भग ु तान संतल ु न खाते के स्वायत्त और समायोजनकारी लेन-दे न में अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए। 3
Distinguish between autonomous and accommodating transaction of balance of payment
account.
13 बताएं कि आय के वितरण को प्रभावित करने के लिए सरकारी बजट का उपयोग कैसे किया जा 4
सकता है ?
Explain how government budget can be used to influence distribution of income?
14 प्रभावी मांग को परिभाषित करें । विवेचना करें , यदि प्रत्याशित समग्र मांग (AD) प्रत्याशित समग्र 4
पर्ति
ू (AS) से कम है , तो किस प्रकार प्रभावी मांग को बहाल किया जा सकता है ?
Define effective demand. Discuss how, effective demand can be restored if ex-ante
Aggregate Demand (AD) is less than ex-ante Aggregate Supply (AS).
OR
निवेश गुणकों का मान ज्ञात कीजिए यदि,
(i) सीमांत उपभोग प्रवत्ति ृ = 1 तथा
(ii) सीमांत बचत प्रवत्ति ृ = 1.
Find the value of multipliers given (i) Marginal Propensity to Consume = 1 and
(ii) Marginal Propensity to Save = 1.
Page 5 of 12
15 "बैंकिंग प्रणाली की ऋण सज ृ न शक्ति को निर्धारित करने में धन गुणक एक महत्वपर्ण ू भमिू का 4
निभाता है "। उपयक् ु त उदाहरण के साथ इस कथन की व्याख्या कीजिए।
“Money multiplier plays a vital role in determining the credit creation power of the banking
system”. Elaborate the statement with a suitable example.
16 नीचे दिए गए आंकड़ों के आधार पर निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए: 6
(i) निवेश का नियोजित स्तर = 200 करोड़ रुपये
(ii) C = 100 + 0.8 Y
(ए) आय का संतल ु न स्तर का निर्धारण कीजिए।
(बी) आय के संतल ु न के स्तर पर बचत और उपभोग व्यय की गणना कीजिए।
Answer the following questions based on the data given below :
(i) Planned level of investment = Rs.200 crores
(ii) C = 100 + 0·8 Y
(a) Determine the equilibrium level of income.
(b) Calculate the saving and consumption expenditure at equilibrium level of income.
OR
अतिरिक्त मांग और मद्र ु ास्फीति की खाई की अवधारणा की व्याख्या करें । इसे ठीक करने में "खल ु े
बाजार के संचालन" की भमि ू का भी स्पष्ट कीजिए।
Explain the concept of Excess demand & inflationary gap. Also explain the role of "open
market operation in correcting it.
17 निम्नलिखित आंकड़ों से, बाजार मल् ू य पर शद्
ु ध राष्ट्रीय उत्पाद (NNPMP) की गणना करें (i) आय 6
विधि द्वारा (ii) व्यय विधि द्वारा:
क्रमां विवरण (करोड़ रूपये)
क
i स्व-नियोजित की मिश्रित आय 400
ii कर्मचारियों का मआ
ु वजा 500
iii निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय 900
iv विदे श से निवल कारक आय (-) 20
v निवल अप्रत्यक्ष कर 100
vi स्थिर पंज
ू ी की खपत 100
vii नेट घरे लू पंज
ू ी गठन 280
viii निवल निर्यात (-)30
ix लाभ 350
x किराया 100
xi ब्याज 150
xii सरकार का अंतिम उपभोग व्यय 450
From the following data, calculate Net National Product at Market Price (NNPMP) by
(i) Income method, and (ii) expenditure method:
S.No. Items (Rs.In
Crores)
i Mixed income of self- employed 400
Page 6 of 12
ii Compensation of employees 500
iii Private final consumption expenditure 900
iv Net factor income from abroad (-) 20
v Net indirect tax 100
vi Consumption of fixed capital 100
vii Net domestic capital formation 280
viii Net exports (-)30
ix Profits 350
x Rent 100
xi Interest 150
xii Government final consumption expenditure 450
SECTION B: INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

18 भारत में मानव पंज
ू ी निर्माण की समस्या कौन सी है ? 1
(ए) घटती जनसंख्या (बी) उच्च शैक्षणिक स्तर
(सी) प्रतिभा पलायन (डी) लिंग समानता
Which is the problem of human capital formation in India?
(A) Decreasing population (B) High academic level
(C) Brain drains (D) Gender equality
19 एक प्रकार की बेरोजगारी जिसमें श्रमिक काम करते प्रतीत होते हैं लेकिन उत्पादन में इसका योगदान 1
नगण्य है , कहलाती है :
(ए) मौसमी बेरोजगारी (बी) प्रच्छन्न बेरोजगारी
(सी) औद्योगिक बेरोजगारी (डी) शिक्षित बेरोजगारी
A kind of unemployment in which workers seems to be working but its contribution to
production is negligible is called :
(A) Seasonal Unemployment (B) Disguised Unemployment
(C) Industrial Unemployment (D) Educated Unemployment
OR
रोजगार की प्रकृति के अनस ु ार, भारत में श्रम का बड़ा हिस्सा प्रकार है :
(ए) आकस्मिक कार्यकर्ता (बी) स्वरोजगार कार्यकर्ता
(सी) नियमित वेतन अर्जक (डी) उपरोक्त में से कोई नहीं
According to nature of employment, large part of labour is type of in India :
(A) Casual worker (B) Self-employed worker
(C) Regular wage earner (D) None of the above
20 निम्नलिखित कथनों को ध्यान से पढ़ें : 1
कथन 1 - शिक्षा पर व्यय दे श में उत्पादक कार्यबल को बढ़ाने और बढ़ाने का सबसे प्रभावी तरीका है ।
कथन 2 - शिक्षा के मौद्रिक लाभ शिक्षा की लागत से कहीं अधिक हैं।
Page 7 of 12
Statement 1 – Expenditure on education is the most effective way of enhancing and
enlarging the productive workforce in the country.
Statement 2 – Monetary benefits of education far exceed the cost of education.
21 ब्रिटिश शासन के दौरान निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कार्य नहीं किया गया था? 1
(ए) रे लवे की स्थापना (बी) टे लीफोन प्रणाली की स्थापना
(सी) तार रहित प्रणाली की स्थापना (डी) दिल्ली में मेट्रो की स्थापना
During British regime which one of the following work was not performed?
(A) Establishment of railways (B) Establishment of telephone system
(C) Establishment of wire-less system (D) Establishment of Metro in Delhi
कथन (A): शिक्षा की कमी के कारण ऊर्जा के नवीकरणीय और गैर-नवीकरणीय स्रोतों का बड़े पैमाने
पर उपयोग होता है ।
कारण (R): अशिक्षा के कारण लोग पर्यावरण संसाधनों के महत्व को नहीं समझते हैं और पर्यावरण
को बचाने के प्रति जागरूक नहीं हैं।
विकल्प:
Assertion (A): Lack of education leads to massive usage of renewable and non-renewable
sources of energy.
Reason(R): Due to illiteracy, people do not realize the importance of environmental
resources and are not aware of saving environment.
Alternatives:
of Assertion (A).
OR
निम्नलिखित कथनों को पढ़ें - कथन (A) और कारण (R):
कथन (A): चंकि ू कई कारणों से कृषि ऋण की डिफ़ॉल्ट दरें काफी अधिक हो गई हैं, इसलिए ग्रामीण
बैंकों को बहुत अधिक नकदी संकट का सामना करना पड़ रहा है ।
कारण (R): भण्डारण की समचि ु त व्यवस्था न होने के कारण बहुत सी कृषि उपज बर्बाद हो जाती है ।
विकल्प:
Page 8 of 12
Assertion (A): Since the default rates of farm loans have become chronically high due to
multiple reasons, the rural banks are facing a lot of cash crunch.
Reason(R): Due to lack of proper storage facilities a lot of farm produce is wasted.
Alternatives:
of Assertion (A).
23 ________ विश्व व्यापार संगठन (WTO) का पर्व ू वर्ती संगठन था। (सही विकल्प चन
ु ें) 1
(A) अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पनु र्निर्माण और विकास बैंक (IBRD)
(B) अंतर्राष्ट्रीय मद्र
ु ा कोष (IMF)
(C) भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक (RBI)
(D) शल्ु क और व्यापार पर सामान्य समझौता (GATT)
________ was the predecessor organisation to World Trade Organisation (WTO).
(A) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
(B) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
(C) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
(D) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
24 चीन में ग्रेट लीप फॉरवर्ड ’(GLF) का मख् ु य उद्दे श्य _______ की तेजी से वद्ृ धि सनि
ु श्चित करना 1
था।
(सही विकल्प चन ु ें)
(a) कृषि (b) उद्योग (c) सेवाएं (d) निर्यात
The main aim of ‘Great Leap Forward’ (GLF) in China was to ensure rapid increase of
_______. (Choose the correct alternative)
(a) agriculture (b) industries (c) services (d) exports
25 …………….. शीर्ष निकाय है जो ग्रामीण ऋण के विस्तार के लिए काम कर रहे विभिन्न वित्तीय 1
संस्थानों के कामकाज का समन्वय करता है ?
(ए) नाबार्ड (बी) स्वयं सहायता समह ू ।
(सी) क्षेत्रीय ग्रामीण बैंक। (डी) वाणिज्यिक बैंक।
……………..is the apex body which coordinate the functioning of different financial
institution working for expansion of rural credit?
(A) NABARD (B) Self-help group.
(C) Regional rural banks. (D) Commercial banks.
कथन (A): ब्रिटिश काल में भ-ू राजस्व की जमींदारी प्रणाली के माध्यम से कृषि क्षेत्र का शोषण किया
गया था।
कारण (R): ब्रिटिश काल की भ-ू राजस्व व्यवस्था भारतीय किसानों के पक्ष में नहीं थी।
विकल्प:
Page 9 of 12
Assertion (A): Agriculture sector was exploited through Zamindari system of land revenue
British period.
Reason(R): The land revenue systems of British period were not in favour of Indian
farmers.
Alternatives:
of Assertion (A).
OR
निम्नलिखित कथनों को पढ़ें - कथन (A) और कारण (R):
कथन (A): ब्रिटिश काल के दौरान भारतीय किसानों को कृषि के व्यावसायीकरण के लिए मजबरू
किया गया था।
कारण (R): ब्रिटिश काल के दौरान भारतीय किसान व्यावसायिक फसलों का उत्पादन करके खश ु थे।
विकल्प:

Assertion (A): Indian farmers were forced for commercialization of agriculture during
British period.
Reason(R): Indian farmers were happy to produce the commercial crops during British
period.
Alternatives:
of Assertion (A).
Page 10 of 12
27 दी गई छवि में दर्शाए जा रहे सरकार द्वारा रोजगार सज
ृ न के प्रकार को पहचानें। 1
Identify the type of employment generation by the government being depicted in the given
image.
(ए) प्रत्यक्ष (A) Direct
(बी) छिपा हुआ (B) Hidden
(सी) अप्रत्यक्ष (C) Indirect
(डी) अनंतिम ( D) Provisional
28 भारत और पाकिस्तान ने लगभग एक ही समय में अपनी विकास यात्रा शरू ु की, फिर भी दोनों 3
अर्थव्यवस्थाओं ने अलग-अलग दरू ी तय की है : दिए गए कथन को वैध तर्कों के साथ सही ठहराएं।
India and Pakistan initiated their journey of development, nearly at the same time, yet the
two economies have travelled different distances: Justify the given statement with valid
arguments.
29 स्वतन्त्रता पर्वू अंग्रेजों द्वारा भारत के व्यवस्थित वि-औद्योगीकरण के दोहरे ध्येय क्या थे? 3
What was the two-fold motive behind the systematic deindustrialisation effected by the
British in pre-independent India?
OR
भारत में किए गए दो मख् ु य भमि
ू सध ु ार कौन से थे?
What were the two main land reforms undertaken in India?
30 भारत, चीन और पाकिस्तान ने विभिन्न परिणामों के साथ सात दशक से अधिक के विकास पथ की 4
यात्रा की है । '' दिए गए कथन को मान्य तर्कों के साथ स्पष्ट करें ।
‘‘India, China and Pakistan have travelled more than seven decades of developmental path
with varied results.’’ Explain the given statement with valid arguments.
31 ग्रामीण विकास क्या है ? इसके प्रमख ु मद् ु दे लिखिए। 4
What is Rural development? Write its major issues.
OR
धारणीय विकास से क्या अभिप्राय है ? धारणीय विकास की किन्हीं दो रणनीतियों की संक्षेप में
व्याख्या कीजिए।
What is meant by sustainable development? Discuss briefly any two strategies of
sustainable development.
32 "शिक्षा आर्थिक विकास में महत्वपर्ण ू भमि ू का निभाती है '। विवेचना कीजिए। 4
"Education plays a significant role in economic development'. Discuss.
33 हरित क्रांति क्या है ? इसे क्यों लागू किया गया और इससे किसानों को क्या लाभ हुआ? संक्षेप में 6
बताएं।
What is Green Revolution? Why was it implemented and how did it benefit the farmers?
Explain in brief.
OR
स्वतंत्रता के समय भारत की सबसे महत्वपर्ण ू आर्थिक चन ु ौतियों की व्याख्या कीजिए।
Explain India’s most crucial economic challenges at the time of independence.
34 निम्नलिखित पाठ को ध्यान से पढ़ें और उसी और सामान्य समझ के आधार पर दिए गए प्रश्नों के 6
उत्तर दें :
पर्यावरण चार महत्वपर्ण ू कार्य करता है (i) यह संसाधनों की आपर्ति ू करता है : यहां संसाधनों में
नवीकरणीय और गैर-नवीकरणीय दोनों संसाधन शामिल हैं। नवीकरणीय संसाधन वे हैं जिनका
उपयोग संसाधन के समाप्त होने या समाप्त होने की संभावना के बिना किया जा सकता है । यानी
संसाधन की निरं तर आपर्ति ू बनी रहती है । अक्षय संसाधनों के उदाहरण जंगलों में पेड़ और समद्र ु में
मछलियां हैं। दस ू री ओर, गैर-नवीकरणीय संसाधन वे हैं जो निष्कर्षण और उपयोग से समाप्त हो
जाते हैं, उदाहरण के लिए, जीवाश्म ईंधन (ii) यह अपशिष्ट को आत्मसात करता है (iii) यह
आनव ु ंशिक और जैव विविधता प्रदान करके जीवन को बनाए रखता है और (iv) यह भी प्रदान करता
Page 11 of 12
है सौंदर्य सेवाएं जैसे दृश्यावली आदि। पर्यावरण बिना किसी रुकावट के इन कार्यों को करने में सक्षम
है , जब तक इन कार्यों की मांग इसकी वहन क्षमता के भीतर है । इसका तात्पर्य यह है कि संसाधन
निष्कर्षण संसाधन के पन ु र्जनन की दर से ऊपर नहीं है और उत्पन्न अपशिष्ट पर्यावरण की
आत्मसात करने की क्षमता के भीतर हैं। जब ऐसा नहीं होता है , तो पर्यावरण जीवन निर्वाह के अपने
तीसरे और महत्वपर्ण ू कार्य को करने में विफल रहता है और इसके परिणामस्वरूप पर्यावरणीय संकट
उत्पन्न होता है । आज परू ी दनि ु या में यही स्थिति है । विकासशील दे शों की बढ़ती आबादी और
विकसित दनि ु या क े सम द्
ृ ध खपत और उत्पादन मानकों ने इसके पहले दो कार्यों के संदर्भ में
पर्यावरण पर भारी दबाव डाला है । कई संसाधन विलप्ु त हो गए हैं और उत्पन्न अपशिष्ट पर्यावरण
की अवशोषण क्षमता से परे हैं। अवशोषण क्षमता का अर्थ है पर्यावरण के क्षरण को अवशोषित करने
की क्षमता। नतीजा - हम आज पर्यावरण संकट की दहलीज पर हैं।
(ए) "पर्यावरण हमारे जीवन में एक महत्वपर्ण ू भमिू का निभाता है "। व्याख्या कीजिए। (3)
(बी) हम पर्यावरण संकट का सामना क्यों कर रहे हैं। व्याख्या कीजिए। (3)
Read the following text carefully and answer the given questions on the basis of the
same and common understanding:
The environment performs four vital functions (i) it supplies resources: resources here
include both renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those which
can be used without the possibility of the resource becoming depleted or exhausted. That is,
a continuous supply of the resource remains available. Examples of renewable resources are
the trees in the forests and the fishes in the ocean. Non-renewable resources, on the other
hand, are those which get exhausted with extraction and use, for example, fossil fuel (ii) it
assimilates waste (iii) it sustains life by providing genetic and bio diversity and (iv) it also
provides aesthetic services like scenery etc. The environment is able to perform these
functions without any interruption as long as the demand on these functions is within its
carrying capacity. This implies that the resource extraction is not above the rate of
regeneration of the resource and the wastes generated are within the assimilating capacity of
the environment. When this is not so, the environment fails to perform its third and vital
function of life sustenance and this results in an environmental crisis. This is the situation
today all over the world. The rising population of the developing countries and the affluent
consumption and production standards of the developed world have placed a huge stress on
the environment in terms of its first two functions. Many resources have become extinct and
the wastes generated are beyond the absorptive capacity of the environment. Absorptive
capacity means the ability of the environment to absorb degradation. The result — we are
today at the threshold of environmental crisis.
(A) “Environment play an important role in our life”. Explain (3)

(B) Why we are facing environmental crisis. Explain. (3)
Page 12 of 12
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PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION (2023-24)
CLASS: XII
SUBJECT: ECONOMICS
MARKING SCHEME
S.NO. SECTION A: MACRO ECONOMICS MARKS

1 (c) Cash reserve ratio 1
2 (c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true 1
OR
3 (d) There is a Capital Account Surplus of 50 million US Dollars. 1
4 (A) ex-ante saving 1
5 (c) Credit side of capital account 1
OR
(d) Debit side of capital account
6 Reserve Bank Of India (RBI) 1
7 (d) Rationalisation of taxes in pro-poor direction. 1
8 1.67 1
9 (d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. 1
10 (d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. 1
11 3
The given statement can be defended on the following grounds, as GDP may not take
into account:
(i) Non-monetary exchanges like services of housewives. (1)
(ii) Externalities (benefits/harms) caused by human activities.(1)
(iii) Distribution of Income (GDP). (1)
(no marks to be allotted if no/wrong reason(s) are given)
OR
Reason :
(i) It is a final expenditure because it is an investment expenditure. (1.5)
(ii) It is an intermediate expenditure because it is an expenditure on single use producer
goods. (1.5)
12 Autonomous transactions are those international economic transactions which are 1.5
independent of the state of Balance of Payments (BOP). These transactions generally take
place with ‘economic motive’. These transactions are called ‘above the line’ transactions
in the Balance of Payments account.
Whereas;
Accommodating transactions are those international economic transactions which are
undertaken (by competent authorities) to cover the surplus or deficit in Balance of 1.5
Payments. These transactions are independent of any economic motive and are called
‘below the line’ transactions in the Balance of Payments account.
13 Government can impose higher rate of tax on income of the rich and on the goods 4
consumed by the rich. This will bring down disposable income of the rich. The amount so
collected can be spent on providing free services, like education, subsidized food to the
poor people, e.g., this will raise disposable income of the poor reducing the gap between
rich and poor.
14 Effective Demand refers to that level of employment where Aggregate Demand (AD) is 4
equal to Aggregate Supply (AS). (1)
Page 1 of 6
If ex-ante Aggregate Demand (AD) is less than ex-ante Aggregate Supply (AS), it means
buyers are planning to buy less than what producers are planning to produce. It will lead to
creation of undesired inventories in the hands of producers. As a result, producers might
plan to reduce the production. This mechanism will continue to operate till the two forces
become equal. (3)
OR
(i) Here, MPC = 1
Hence,
Multiplier (K) =1/1 –MPC
= 1/ 1 - 1
=∞
So, Multiplier = ∞ (infinity) (2)
(ii) Here, MPS = 1
Now, K = 1/MPS
=1/1
Hence, Multiplier (K) = 1 (2)
15 MONEY CREATION/DEPOSIT CREATION/CREDIT CREATION BY MERCIAL 4
BANK
Money creation (or deposit creation or credit creation) by the banks is determined by (i)
the amount of the initial fresh deposits and (ii) the Legal Reserve Ratio (LRR) the
minimum ratio of deposit legally required to be kept as liquid assets by the banks. It is
assumed that all the money that goes out of banks is redeposited into the banks.
Let the LRR be 20% and there is a fresh deposits of Rs.10000. As required the banks keep
20% i.e. Rs.2000 as reserves. Suppose the banks lend the remaining Rs.8000. Those who
borrow, use this money for making payments. As assumed those who receive payments,
put the money back into the banks. In this way banks receive fresh deposits of Rs. 8000.
The banks again keep 20% i.e. Rs.1600 as reserves and lend Rs.6400, which is also 80%
of the last deposit. The money again comes back to the banks leading to a fresh deposit of
Rs. 6400.The money goes on multiplying in this way, and ultimately total money creation
is Rs.50000.
Given the amount of fresh deposit and the LRR, the total money creation is :Total
money/credit creation =Initial deposit×1/𝐿𝑅𝑅
16 (a) Y= C + I 6
Y= (100+ 0. 8Y) +200
= 300+0.8 Y
Y-0.8 Y= 300
0.2 Y =300
Y= 300/0.2 =Rs.1500 crores (3)
(b) C= C + 0.8 Y
Substitute the value of Y = 1500
= 100+ 0.8(1500)
= 100 + 1200 = Rs.1300 crores
Savings = Income (Y)- Consumption (C)

= 1500 - 1300
= Rs.200 crores (3)
OR
Inflationary gap: The excess of Aggregate Demand above the level that is required to
maintain full employment level of equilibrium is termed as inflationary gap.
(1.5)
Excess Demand: is the amount by which the aggregated demand exceeds aggregate supply
at full employment level. It causes inflation. (1.5)
Role of Open Market operations in Correcting Inflationary Gap in an Economy: In
case of Inflation, the Central Bank sell the securities to the public. It reduces the supply of
Page 2 of 6
money in an economy and credit / money creation power of Commercial Banks. Thus, the
Aggregate Demand decreases and ultimately the economy attains equilibrium. (3)
17 Income method 6
NDPFC =COE+ OS + Mixed income
NDPFC = COE+ Rent+ Interest+ Profit+ Mixed Income (1)
NDPFC = 500+100+150+350+400
NDPFC = 1500 (0.5)
NNPMP = NDPFC+NFIA+NIT
NNPMP = 1500+(-)20+100
NNPMP = 1580 Crore (1.5)
Expenditure method
GDPMP=PFCE +GFCE + NDCF +CFC+ NET EXPORT (1)
GDPMP=900+450+280+100+(-)30
GDPMP=1700 Crore (0.5)
NNPMP= GDPMP-CFC+NFIA
NNPMP=1700-100+(-)20
NNPMP=1580 Crore (1.5)
SECTION B: INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
18 (C) Brain drains 1
19 (B) Disguised Unemployment 1
OR
(B) Self-employed worker
20 (c) Both statements 1 and 2 are true 1
21 (D) Establishment of Metro in Delhi 1
22 (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation 1
of Assertion (A).
OR
23 (D) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) 1
24 (b) industries 1
25 (A) NABARD 1
26 (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation 1
of Assertion (A).
OR
27 (A) Direct 1
28 It is true that India and Pakistan started their journey of development nearly at the same 3
time in a similar way. Both the nations adopted policies like economic planning,
dominance of public sector, high public expenditure, etc. In the post 1947 period.
There has been a decline in the annual growth of GDP in Pakistan over the year, whereas
India met with moderate increase in GDP. The probable reasons for slower growth in
Pakistan are political instability overdependence on remittance and foreign aid along with
volatile performance of agricultural sector However, India met with greater success owing
to efficient economic planning and better implementation as compared to Pakistan.
29 (i) To get raw materials from India at cheap rates to be used by upcoming modern 3
industries in Britain;
(ii) To sell finished product of British industries in Indian market at higher prices.
or
The two main land reforms undertaken in India are as follows :
Page 3 of 6
(i) Abolition of Intermediaries – The idea behind this move was that ownership would give
incentives to the tillers to make improvements in agricultural output. Almost 200 lakh
tenants came into direct contact with the government and were freed from exploitation.
(1.5)
(ii) Consolidation of Land Holdings – As scattered and fragmented agricultural land is
unproductive, the farmer is given one big piece of land in lieu of small and fragmented
fields. (1.5)
30 i. Till the late 1970s, all the three countries were maintaining the same level of low 4
development. (1)
ii. Over the last three decades, the three countries have taken different levels of
development
⮚ India has performed moderately over the years. Majority of its people still depend
on agriculture. Infrastructure is lacking and more than one fourth of its population
live below poverty line. (1)
⮚ Pakistan performed low because of political instability, overdependence on
remittances and foreign aid along with volatile performance of agriculture.
(1)
⮚ China has used the market system to succeed in raising the rate of growth in
economy with stress on alleviation of poverty. (1)
(any other valid argument should be allotted marks)
31 Rural development is a comprehensive term which essentially focuses on action for the 4
development of areas that are lagging behind in the overall development of the village
economy.
Some of the areas which are in need of fresh initiatives for rural development are:
1. Development of human resources like literacy, more specifically, female literacy,

education and skill development.
2. Development of human resources like health, addressing both sanitation and public
health.
3. Honest implementation of land reforms.
4. Development of the productive resources in each locality.
5. Infrastructure development like electricity, irrigation, credit, marketing, transport
facilities including construction of village roads and feeder roads to nearby
highways, facilities for agriculture research-and extension, and information
dissemination.
6. Special measures for alleviation of poverty and bringing about significant
improvement in the living conditions of the weaker sections of the population.
(Any three)
OR
Sustainable development - It refers to the development process that meets the needs of
present generation without compromising on the ability of the future generations to
meet their respective needs.
Use of Non-conventional Sources of Energy (any two)
CNG in Urban Areas: In some cities of India, the use of Compressed Natural Gas
(CNG) as fuel in public transport system has significantly lowered air pollution and the
air has become cleaner in the last few years.
Wind Power: In areas where speed of wind is usually high, wind mills can provide
electricity without any adverse impact on the environment. The initial cost is high but
Page 4 of 6
the long term benefits easily absorb the cost incurred. (Any other
relevant point with explanation)
32 Education is an important source of human capital formation. Investment in education 4

stimulates economic development in the following ways:
(A) Raises production- Knowledgeable and skilled workers can make better use of
resources at their disposal. It will increase production in the economy. An educated and
trained person can apply his knowledge and skill at farm, factory and office to increase
production. (1)
(B) Raises efficiency and productivity- Investment in education increases efficiency and
productivity, and hence yields higher income to the people.(1)
(C) Brings positive changes in outlook and attitudes. - Knowledgeable and skilled people
have modem outlook and attitudes, that they make rational choice in respect of places and
jobs. (1)
(D) Improves quality of life. Education improves quality of life as it provides better job,
high income and improves health. It results in better standard of living.
(1)
33 The introduction of High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds and the increased use of 6
fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation facilities are known collectively as the Green
Revolution which resulted in the increase in crop yield needed to make India
self-sufficient in food grains. Various land reforms were also undertaken in order to make
Green Revolution successful.
Thus, Green Revolution included the following measures :
(i) Use of High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds
(ii) Increase in irrigation cover
(iii) Use of insecticides and pesticides
(iv) Consolidation of holdings
(v) Rural electrification
(vi) Improvement in rural infrastructure
(vii) Agricultural credit facilities
(viii) Use of chemical fertilisers
Green Revolution was implemented because of
the following reasons :
Food Security, Low Irrigation Facility, Conventional Methods
OR
1. Little industrialisation and decline of handicrafts.

2. Low agricultural output and high imports of grains.
3. Low figure of national income and per capita income which showed extreme
poverty.
4. Very sluggish economic progress.’
5. Unemployment and underemployment.
6. Very high infant mortality rate, low life expectancy and low standard of living.
(1 ½*4=6)
34 (A) The environment performs four vital functions (i) it supplies resources: resources here 6
include both renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those
which can be used without the possibility of the resource becoming depleted or exhausted.
That is, a continuous supply of the resource remains available. Examples of renewable
resources are the trees in the forests and the fishes in the ocean. Non-renewable resources,
on the other hand, are those which get exhausted with extraction and use, for example,
fossil fuel (ii) it assimilates waste (iii) it sustains life by providing genetic and bio
diversity and (iv) it also provides aesthetic services like scenery etc.
(3)
Page 5 of 6
(B) The rising population of the developing countries and the affluent consumption and
production standards of the developed world have placed a huge stress on the
environment. (3)
Page 6 of 6
As Per Revised
CBSE Curriculum
2023-24
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materials are well researched and created according to 2023-24 NEP and NCERT
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materials can be obtained from school libraries, educational publishers, online
resources, and teachers.
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SET-1

केंद्रीय विद्यालय संगठन , लखनऊ संभाग

अधिकतम समय : 3 घंटे अधिकतम अंक : 80

1. इस प्रश्न पत्र में दो खंड हैं:

Q.NO. SECTION A: MACRO ECONOMICS MARK

If the consumption function of an economy is C = 100+.4Y, then find out value of

(A) 0.4 (B) 2.5 (C) 0 .6 (D) 1.67

SECTION B: INDIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Read the following statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R):

(A) “Environment play an important role in our life”. Explain (3)

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Secondary Groups (IX & X)

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Senior Secondary Groups (XI & XII)

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S.NO. SECTION A: MACRO ECONOMICS MARKS

Savings = Income (Y)- Consumption (C)

1. Development of human resources like literacy, more specifically, female literacy,

32 Education is an important source of human capital formation. Investment in education 4

1. Little industrialisation and decline of handicrafts.

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