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As mentioned earlier, when rigorously conducted review articles represent powerful information
sources for eHealth scholars and practitioners looking for state-of-the-art evidence. Components of
the Literature Review 83 Components of the Literature Review Krathwohl (2005) suggests and
describes a variety of components to include in a research proposal. This handout will explain what
literature reviews are and offer insights into the form and construction of literature reviews in the
humanities, social sciences, and sciences. You can use it to discuss various theories, models, and
definitions of key concepts. Much of the information used in an annotated bibliography can be used
also in a literature review, so you’ll be not only partially drafting your lit review as you research, but
also developing your sense of the larger conversation going on among scholars, professionals, and
any other stakeholders in your topic. Producer, P. P. (Producer). (Date of broadcast or copyright).
Questions for Further Research: What questions about the field has the review sparked. Writing the
literature review: A practical guide Available 3rd floor of Perkins Writing literature reviews: A guide
for students of the social and behavioral sciences Available online. The review ends with a
conclusion section which summarizes the findings regarding the state of the research of the specific
study, the gaps identify and if applicable, explains how the author's research will address gaps
identify in the review and expand the knowledge on the topic reviewed. Through your literature
review, you’ll show what gaps exist in the current body of knowledge, and then your study will then
attempt to fill (or contribute towards filling) one of those gaps. Note that more authentic thematic
reviews tend to break away from chronological order. Preliminary suppositions and implications The
purpose of this section is to argue how and in what ways you anticipate that your research will refine,
revise, or extend existing knowledge in the area of your study. This can be especially helpful for
students or scholars getting into a new research area, or for directing an entire community of scholars
toward questions that have not yet been answered. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998;
Jesson, Jill. Select the databases you will use to conduct your searches. A review is personal - you're
writing a review to express your thoughts and feelings about a theatre show, not taking an exam.
Step One: Decide on your areas of research: Before you begin to search for articles or books, decide
beforehand what areas you are going to research. The introduction should: define your topic and
provide an appropriate context for reviewing the literature; establish your reasons - i.e. point of view
- for. A review organized in this manner would shift between time periods within each section
according to the point made. Whether the search is comprehensive or not, whether it involves a
methodical approach for data extraction and synthesis or not, it is important that the review
documents in an explicit and transparent manner the steps and approach that were used in the
process of its development. There are a few guidelines you should follow during the writing stage as
well. The main focus of an academic research paper is to develop a new argument, and a research
paper is likely to contain a literature review as one of its parts. Share to Twitter Share to Facebook
Share to Pinterest. Typically you’ll cover a few things within the theoretical framework: Firstly,
you’ll need to clearly define the key constructs and variables that will feature within your study. If
you are asked to provide an abstract, you should include 5-7 key words that are of most relevance to
your study. While there are no hard and fast rules, you should attempt to address some or all of the
following key points: State the research problem and provide a more thorough explanation about the
purpose of the study than what you stated in the introduction. That is, it represents a synthesis of the
evidence that provides background information on your topic and shows a association between the
evidence and your research question. They should arise out of your organizational strategy. Once you
have done this, you can begin to analyze and synthesize the information you have found. Rather, the
purpose here is to reflect upon gaps in the current body of literature and to describe how and in what
ways you anticipate your research will begin to fill in some or all of those gaps.
Some questions to ask: How are they organizing their ideas. For example, compared to 1991, in 2008
three, eight, and forty times more papers were indexed in Web of Science on malaria, obesity, and
biodiversity, respectively. After the introduction, it grounds your research in a scholarly field and
leads directly to your theoretical framework or methodology. A good literature review doesn't just
summarise sources - it analyses, synthesises, and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of the
state of knowledge on the subject. Making it the most accurate and reliable proofreading tool for
students. But there is relatively no continuity among subjects here. The type of information you
choose to mention should relate directly to the research problem, whether it is thematic,
methodological, or chronological. Third, there are the perceptions, conclusions, opinion, and
interpretations that are shared informally among scholars that become part of the body of
epistemological traditions within the field. If you are writing the literature review section of a
dissertation or research paper, you will search for literature related to your research problem and
questions. Something to be conducted at the end of your research. The Research Gap The third
essential ingredient of a high-quality literature review is a discussion of the research gap (or gaps).
Explain where you believe you will find challenges related to data collection, including access to
participants and information. Missed appointments are a major cause of inefficiency in healthcare
delivery with substantial monetary costs to health systems. These authors sought to assess whether
mobile phone-based appointment reminders delivered through Short Message Service ( sms ) or
Multimedia Messaging Service ( mms ) are effective in improving rates of patient attendance and
reducing overall costs. Take notes and cite your sources As you read, you should also begin the
writing process. To identify the most important publications on your topic, take note of recurring
citations. Well, the research gap should serve as the core justification for your study. State how you
will actually do the methods (i.e. coding interview text, running regression analysis, etc.). Anticipate
and acknowledge any potential barriers you may encounter when undertaking your research and
describe how you will address these barriers. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to
avoid simply listing and summarizing sources in order. Both authors independently reviewed each of
the identified articles to determine eligibility and extract study information. In recent years, the
number of systematic reviews in the field of health informatics has increased considerably. Here are
some suggestions on how to approach the writing of your literature review: Think about what
questions other researchers have asked, what methods they used, what they found, and what they
recommended based upon their findings. Searching the extant literature: The next step consists of
searching the literature and making decisions about the suitability of material to be considered in the
review ( Cooper, 1988 ). And a review does not necessarily mean that your reader wants you to give
your personal opinion on whether or not you liked these sources. Present the rationale for the
proposed research study. While there is no one formula for writing a literature review, most literature
reviews include the following key elements: An introduction that provides an overview of the topic
under investigation and puts it into context. Depending on the methodology needed to achieve the
purpose of the review, all types can be helpful and appropriate to reach a specific goal (for examples,
please see Table 1).These approaches can be qualitative, quantitative, or have a mixed design
depending on the phase of the review. Here again, if the same authors are being cited again and
again, this may indicate no new literature has been written on the topic. Journal of Comparative and
Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896. Acetyl Chloride Test (Omit this test) Esterification Test
Lucas Test (Omit this test, too) Chromic Acid Test Iodoform Test. In these cases, systematic reviews
can use qualitative synthesis methods such as vote counting, content analysis, classification schemes
and tabulations, as an alternative approach to narratively synthesize the results of the independent
studies included in the review.
Create a matrix of the studies for easy analysis, and synthesis, across all of the studies. The following
provides a brief description of the content of each: Introduction: Gives a quick idea of the topic of
the literature review, such as the central theme or organizational pattern. London: Pearson. You may
reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The
Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Make a Gift Want to create or adapt
books like this. An annotated bibliography is a list of source references that has a short description
(called an annotation ) for each of the sources. Contextualization: Enables researchers to understand
how their work fits into the broader academic conversation and contributes to the existing body of
knowledge. Are you an instructor who has received an exemplary literature review and have
permission from the student to post. To this end, the authors resorted to using narrative analysis and
synthesis to describe the effectiveness of handheld computers on accessing information for clinical
knowledge, adherence to safety and clinical quality guidelines, and diagnostic decision-making.
Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review. While the study focuses on one topic, the
Internet’s impact on American presidential politics, it would still be organized chronologically
reflecting technological developments in media. Introduction PDF How to Write a Literature
Review This handout will focus on defining what a literature review is, how to organize and
synthesize information, and what the different parts of a literature review are. By Publication Order
your sources by publication chronology, then, only if the order demonstrates a more important trend.
Therefore, it can be noted that the context, which includes the. Most, if not all, peer-reviewed
journals in the fields of medical informatics publish review articles of some type. Your professor will
probably not expect you to read everything that's available about the topic, but you'll make the act of
reviewing easier if you first limit scope of the research problem. Or it might trace the intellectual
progression of the field, including major debates. Test Procedure. What Must be Included?. Case
Study. Therefore, to make the literature look appealing, they need to know some of the methods that
can help them improve their review. Depending on why you are writing your literature review, you
may be given a topic area, or may choose a topic that particularly interests you or is related to a
research project that you wish to undertake. Each of the themes identified will become a subheading
within the body of your literature review. For example, you might discuss: How different authors
have approached the topic What theoretical frameworks have been used What methodologies have
been employed What themes or patterns have emerged from the research What unsolved problems or
unanswered questions remain in the field Conclusion: summarise what has been covered in your
literature review, and reiterate its importance for further research in the field. University of North
Carolina Writing Center. (2018). Literature Reviews. On the other end of the spectrum, there might
be a wealth of research regarding a certain topic within one country (say the US), but very little
research on that same topic in a different social context (say, China). Depending on the length of
your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. The Research Proposal 83
Components of the Literature Review Krathwohl (2005) suggests and describes a variety of
components to include in a research proposal. In the sciences, for instance, treatments for medical
problems are constantly changing according to the latest studies. In this post, we’ll unpack three
essential ingredients that need to be woven into your literature review to lay a rock-solid foundation
for your study. It might give a new interpretation of old material or combine new with old
interpretations. Literature Review Overview A literature review discusses published information in a
particular subject area. While this can be time consuming, it is the proper way to undertake a
literature review. Report a problem, preliminary literature review sample.
The focus of a literature review is to summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of others
without adding new contributions, whereas academic research papers present and develop new
arguments that build upon the previously available body of literature. For instance, in the humanities,
authors might include more overt argumentation and interpretation of source material in their
literature reviews, whereas in the sciences, authors are more likely to report study designs and results
in their literature reviews; these differences reflect these disciplines’ purposes and conventions in
scholarship. Frodeman, Robert. The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity. However, if you are
writing a review in the humanities, history, or social sciences, a survey of the history of the literature
may be what is needed, because what is important is how perspectives have changed through the
years or within a certain time period. Sitemap case study creative writing presentation problem
solving rewiew prompts websites tips. What if we are interested in seeing if my “ crazy ” dice are
considered “fair”. The purpose is to place research in a historical context to show familiarity with
state-of-the-art developments and to identify the likely directions for future research. CINAHL
(Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Cochrane. It’s like a report card for
your research: it assesses the quality and originality of your work and determines whether you’re on
the right track. Thus, it is both advantageous and necessary to rely on regular summaries of the
recent literature. What sorts of research methodologies have been used and how could these help me
develop my own methodology. Based on your reading and notes, you can look for: Trends and
patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches become more or less popular over time.
Present the rationale for the proposed research study. These authors synthesized published articles
that describe the development process of mobile health ( m-health ) interventions for patients’
cancer care self-management. Cover the entire scope of the movie (except the end) Write about 5
events. Our unique professional editing service packages and educational resources have helped over
151,000 authors across 161 countries to get published in high-impact factor journals as well as
understand best publication practices. Are the findings across the studies similar or is there a lot of
variation. Something to be conducted at the end of your research. A literature review is an integrated
analysis -- not just a summary-- of scholarly writings and other relevant evidence related directly to
your research question. What methods will you utilize to analyze the research problem. This is called
citation tracking and there are a number of sources that can help you identify who has cited whom,
particularly scholars from outside of your discipline. Make sure to read the abstract to find out
whether an article is relevant to your question. However, this can be easier to state and harder to do,
simply due to the fact there is usually a plethora of related research to sift through. Types of
Literature Reviews It is important to think of knowledge in a given field as consisting of three
layers. Sometimes, though, you might need to add additional sections that are necessary for your
study, but do not fit in the organizational strategy of the body. Once you have determined your
audience, you can then decide what type of literature review is appropriate. This software also
automates the process of adding in-text references and creating a reference list. Methodological: A
methodological approach differs from the two above in that the focusing factor usually does not have
to do with the content of the material. Does the research use established frameworks or take an
innovative approach. Specify the research operations you will undertake and he way you will
interpret the results of those operations in relation to the research problem.
How will you further your research as a result of the review. Give your interpretation of how and
why certain developments occurred (as mentioned previously, this may not be appropriate in your
discipline — check with a teacher or mentor if you’re unsure). It is often written as part of a
dissertation, thesis, research paper, or proposal. East-West Environmental Linkages Network
Workshop 3. Or it might trace the intellectual progression of the field, including major debates. Steps
in Conducting a Literature Review A literature review is an integrated analysis-- not just a summary-
- of scholarly writings and other relevant evidence related directly to your research question. The
review ends with a conclusion section which summarizes the findings regarding the state of the
research of the specific study, the gaps identify and if applicable, explains how the author's research
will address gaps identify in the review and expand the knowledge on the topic reviewed. Make sure
the sources you use are credible, and make sure you read any landmark studies and major theories in
your field of research. Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review. In other words,
you’re first explaining what the problem is (some sort of gap) and then proposing how you’ll solve it.
To identify the most important publications on your topic, take note of recurring citations. There is
no preconceived plan to systematically review all of the literature although this can be done. Under
this method, you would combine the recent studies on American whaling in the 19th century with
Moby Dick itself in the 1800-1899 category, even though the authors wrote a century apart. Import
web pages from Ref-Grab-It bookmarklet downloaded from Ref. These authors synthesized
published articles that describe the development process of mobile health ( m-health ) interventions
for patients’ cancer care self-management. Next, we look at these important cognitive skills student
scientists will need to develop and employ to successfully write a literature review, and provide
some guidance for navigating these stages. What methods will you utilize to analyze the research
problem. Present the rationale for the proposed research study. Haan (2000) further defines structure
as “the shell in which the. By the end, you’ll have all the tools you need to start writing your own
literature review. This makes you wonder about American whaling methods during the time
portrayed in Moby Dick, so you find some academic articles published in the last five years on how
accurately Herman Melville portrayed the whaling scene in his novel. For instance, in the humanities,
authors might include more overt argumentation and interpretation of source material in their
literature reviews, whereas in the sciences, authors are more likely to report study designs and results
in their literature reviews; these differences reflect these disciplines’ purposes and conventions in
scholarship. A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject area, and
sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time period. Imagine you are
developing a template of your own resume. And depending on the situation, the literature review
may evaluate the sources and advise the reader on the most pertinent or relevant. As such, as new
information becomes available, literature reviews grow in length or become focused on one specific
aspect of the topic. Importantly, narrative reviews can also be used as educational articles to bring
practitioners up to date with certain topics of issues ( Green et al., 2006 ). Recently, there have been
several efforts to introduce more rigour in narrative reviews that will elucidate common pitfalls and
bring changes into their publication standards. A literature review is important because it: Explains
the background of research on a topic. National programme for prevention and control of cancer,
diabetes, CVDs and s. There isn't one ideal type of literature review and you may need to employ a
range of methods and provide reasons for your choices depending on the research area, problem and
methodology.
But if you find yourself wanting to put in more quotes, check with your instructor. This can lead
directly into your methodology section. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55,
893-896. Refer to these sources in your essay as they appear in. Current Directions in Psychological
Science, 11, 7-10. Further Readings Generative AI and Writing USC Libraries Tutorials and Other
Guides Bibliography A literature review surveys prior research published in books, scholarly articles,
and any other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing,
provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in relation to the research
problem being investigated. Consider whether your sources are current Some disciplines require that
you use information that is as current as possible. Try writing a simple statement that lets the reader
know what is your main organizing principle. Other Sections of Your Literature Review Once you've
decided on the organizational method for your literature review, the sections you need to include in
the paper should be easy to figure out because they arise from your organizational strategy. In such
cases, an abstract should provide an overview of what it is you plan to study, your main research
question, a brief explanation of your methods to answer the research question, and your expected
findings. If the sentence is awkward, adjust the punctuation and grammar to better integrate the
material. Something to be conducted at the end of your research. What theories have been used to
explain, predict, or understand their research problem. Explain how you plan to go about conducting
your research. The Literature Review Definition A literature review surveys prior research published
in books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or
theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in
relation to the research problem being investigated. What if we are interested in seeing if my “ crazy
” dice are considered “fair”. Depending on the methodology needed to achieve the purpose of the
review, all types can be helpful and appropriate to reach a specific goal (for examples, please see
Table 1).These approaches can be qualitative, quantitative, or have a mixed design depending on the
phase of the review. Hoboken, nj: Wiley-Blackwell; 2008. Jesson J., Matheson L., Lacey F.M. Doing
your literature review: traditional and systematic techniques. Seven databases were searched from
1985 to March 2010. Begin composing Once you’ve settled on a general pattern of organization,
you’re ready to write each section. Qualitative versus quantitative research Empirical versus
theoretical scholarship Divide the research by sociological, historical, or cultural sources Theoretical:
In many humanities articles, the literature review is the foundation for the theoretical framework.
Online articles follow the same guidelines for printed articles. Instead, researchers often present
studies that are representative of most works published in a particular area and they consider a
specific time frame to be mapped. Test Procedure. What Must be Included?. Case Study. Victoria
(BC): University of Victoria; 2017 Feb 27. Demonstrates why a topic is significant to a subject area.
However, there are situations in which it is neither reasonable nor appropriate to pool studies together
using meta-analytic methods simply because there is extensive clinical heterogeneity between the
included studies or variation in measurement tools, comparisons, or outcomes of interest. The
literature review gives you a chance to: Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and scholarly
context Develop a theoretical framework and methodology for your research Position yourself in
relation to other researchers and theorists Show how your dissertation addresses a gap or contributes
to a debate You might also have to write a literature review as a stand-alone assignment. There isn't
one ideal type of literature review and you may need to employ a range of methods and provide
reasons for your choices depending on the research area, problem and methodology. A Literature
Review Is Not: just a summary of sources a grouping of broad, unrelated sources a compilation of
everything that has been written on a particular topic literature criticism think English or a book
review So, what is it then.