The Fundamentals of Critical

Thinking
Date @02/08/2024 → 02/15/2024

Reminders With assignment

Ontology
What do you know? What can you know?
Foundationalist

things in the world exist without our prior perception

Anti-Foundationalist

not focused on the observable, but rather on the perceptions of people

things exists because we perceive it

Epistemology
How do you know what you know?
Positivism

relating something to an experience, feelings, observation, etc.

Interpretivism

something can be interpreted differently but pertain to the same thing

they focus on interpretations

Realism

looking at an observable reality and relating it to a greater social phenomena

combining positivism and interpretivism

The Fundamentals of Critical Thinking 1

 What's with Critical Thinking... anyways?

1. Over-analysis and Under-analysis

too much or too little? "So what?"

To avoid this, there is a need to create a scope

We need to know the different sides of a story

2. Language "Problem"

jargons

Patience

3. Fear Within (atychiphobia), Fear Without (xenophobia)

Assignment
Watch: Matt Rediley's (2015) The Evolution of Everything
Ideas are... TIV-CSDS
time-oriented, interactive, variable
complex, spontaneous, dynamic, and simultaneous
Sky hook
What does he mean by this?

So, what about Soc Sci 2?

Why the West?
Embrace - Reject -Adapt
Why male? Dealing with History and Ideational Vacuum
Why the dead? Foundation, NOT Standard

Skyhook - top-down approach

bottom-up

the bottom is where ideas truly develop

a metaphor of building a building

always starts from the bottom

Matt Ridley’s (2015) The Evolution and Everything

The Fundamentals of Critical Thinking 2

 Ideas and “Sex”

Ideas are

time-oriented

ideas take time

patience is important in critical thinking

interactive

variable

critical thinking can serve as a repository of ideas

ideas come in different forms

complex

multi-faceted

deconstruction of ideas

spontaneous

it can happen anytime, anywhere

it’s easy to miss

dynamic

we learn by trial and error

simultaneous

same ideas can come from different people

There are times that top-down method makes sense

blueprint

leadership - gives direction

Purpose of Soc Sci 2 and GE Courses: EMPOWER

Explore other perspectives

Make new connections

The Fundamentals of Critical Thinking 3

 Practice critical thinking

Offer genuine support to society

Work towards human excellence

Encourage the voiceless

Rekindle love of learnings

The Fundamentals of Critical Thinking 4