SEMIANUAL UNMSM

WEEK 01
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA
PASSAGE 1
About 150 000 years ago, «modern» human beings
appeared in Africa and the Middle East. They had the
tongues and mouths and, most important, the brain
mechanisms that allow us to produce articulate
speech and express complex thoughts. The superior
brain of our ancestors, not their brawn, allowed them
to displace the archaic human beings, the
Neanderthal and Homo erectus populations, whom
they encountered as they moved across Europe and
Asia to Australia. In short, Adam and Eve and their
progeny prevailed because they talked.
I will try to show that our ability to talk is one of the
keys to understand the evolutionary process that
made us human. The speech in itself is a distinct
human attribute. It’s clear that human beings are not
stronger or more adaptable than other competing
species. Horses run faster, gorillas are stronger,
bacteria adapt faster to different environments.
Speech, language, and thought differentiate humans
from other species: these distinctive human qualities
are biologically linked. Neural mechanisms, that has
been adapted for regulating speech production,
appear to be implicated in recalling the meaning of a
word and in comprehending the meaning of a
sentence.
Lieberman, Ph. (1998). Eve spoke. New York: W.W. Norton &
Company; p. XIII
01. The phrase IN SHORT can be replaced by
A) briefly.
B) mainly.
C) in addition.
D) perhaps.
E) in fact.
02. What is the main tenet supported in the passage?
A) Speech and human language are linked.
B) The human being has ancient roots.
C) The human brain is a perfect machine.
D) Language makes us human beings.
E) Human thinking is very subtle and abstract.
03. The author refers the running of the horse in order
to show the
A) keys to natural evolution.
B) animal speed in nature.
C) superior human intelligence.
D) strength of horses.
E) weakness of human beings.
04. It is inferred that through language
A) the human being can reach a high level of
abstraction.
B) the evolutionary path can reach perfection in
nature.
C) the researchers can rise to certainty in the science.
D) the Neanderthals managed to settle in Europe.
E) there was fluid communication between
Neanderthals.
05. The main author’s argument falls within
A) a cultural point of view.
B) an ideological perspective.
C) an evolutionary framework.
D) a state the language’s art.
E) a philosophical insight.
PASSAGE 2
The Trojan War was fought over Helen, who
according to legend was the beautiful daughter of
Zeus and the wife of the king of the Greek polis of
Sparta. The war began after a Trojan prince named
Paris kidnapped Helen. According to the Iliad, the
Trojan War ended when the Achaeans pretended to
give up their quest for Helen. The Achaeans left a
huge wooden horse as a peace offering to the Trojans.
The Achaean navy pretended to sail away, but they
only sailed out to a hidden location. The joyous
Trojans opened the city gates and pulled in the giant
statue. After a great victory celebration of their defeat
of the Achaean army, the people of Troy slept for the
night. As the Trojans slept, Achaeans soldiers
emerged from their hiding place inside the wooden
horse, opened the city gates, and began to burn the
sleeping city.
Fuente: Blog para aprender inglés. Recuperado de http://blogpara
aprenderingles.blogspot.com/2015/06/texto-
lectura-ingles-guerra-de-troya.html. (texto adaptado)

1
06. What is the central theme of the text? Milton Petrie died in 1994, when he was 92. His will
A) The strategy of the wooden horse in the Iliad. was 120 pages long because he left $150 million to
B) Helena's beauty as the cause of a great war. 383 people. His widow, Carroll, his fourth and last
C) The battle between the Achaeans and Trojans. wife, said his largesse was a result of the poverty of
D) The tragic end of the city of Troy by a deception. his early years. His family was poor but kindhearted:
a behavior model for Petrie. His father was a Russian
07. Based on the passage, what is the contextual immigrant who became a police officer, but he never
synonym of JOYOUS? arrested anyone; he was too kind.
A) Happy Soars, John and Liz. (2001). American headway 2. Student Book.
(Edited text).
B) Tired
11. Mainly, the passage is about
C) Relaxed
A) the generosity of the billionaire Milton Petrie.
D) Sad
B) the good life of a rich person called Milton Petrie.
C) financial activities of the billionaire Milton Petrie.
08. With regard to Helena, it is incompatible to state
D) the people Milton Petrie helped with money.
that
A) there was a war between Greeks to rescue her.
12. The word KINDHEARTED connotes
B) she was Zeus' daughter and very beautiful.
A) poverty.
C) the Achaeans desisted from recovering Helena.
B) altruism.
D) she was kidnapped by the Trojan prince.
C) education.
D) spirituality.
09. It can be deduced from the text that the Achaeans
A) they wanted peace with the Trojans.
13. If is referred that Milton Petrie helped people
B) finally they managed to recover Helena.
A) he didn’t know directly.
C) they made the Trojans sleep all night.
B) who were in prison too.
D) they avoided destroying the city of Troy.
C) who were in extreme poverty only.
D) he knew from Russia.
10. if the Trojans hadn't fallen asleep after
celebrating, then
14. It is false to say that Petrie helped
A) hardly, the Achaeans would have destroyed the
A) some families of police officers injured while
city.
working.
B) the Achaeans would never have recovered Helena.
B) all firefighters who were injured while working.
C) they would have won the war against the
C) all the policemen who appeared in the
Achaeans.
newspapers.
D) the end of the Iliad would not have changed at all.
D) policemen and firefighters without any economic
interest.
PASSAGE 3
Every morning, billionaire Milton Petrie walked from
15. If Milton Petrie’s father had been a bad person
his New York apartment and bought a newspaper
without compassion,
from the ragged old man on the street corner. One
A) his wife would have abandoned him quickly.
morning the man wasn't there.
B) he would have been accused of police abuse.
Petrie learned that he was very ill in the city hospital.
C) his son surely would have been a good person
Immediately he paid his hospital bill and later, when
undoubtedly.
the man died, paid for his funeral.
D) Milton Petrie probably would have had other
The old man was just one of many people that Milton
conduct.
Petrie helped with his money.
Whenever he read about personal disasters in the
newspaper, Petrie sent generous checks, especially
to the families of police officers or fire fighters
injured at work. He also sent checks to a mother who
lost five children in a fire, and a beautiful model,
whose face was cut in a knife attack. It cost, him
millions of dollars, but he still had millions left.

2
 PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA 03. We can plausibly infer from the information
about the Microbial Check Valve that it
A) is one of the multiple filters created by scientists.
Even though astronauts do their jobs miles away from
B) pushed NASA to invest a great amount of money.
Earth's surface, they still rely on basic necessities we
C) has paved the way for developing other filters.
may take for granted. Take clean water, for example.
D) is the newest type of filter ever created by NASA.
How does NASA ensure that the water astronauts
E) has to be used in every kind of travel to space.
drink is safe?
This question spurred the agency to create special
04. It is not compatible with the author’s point of view
water filters in the 1970s to make certain astronauts
that
had clean water in space. Working with Umpqua
A) NASA is indifferent to the astronauts needs.
Research Company in Oregon, NASA crafted filter
B) traveling to mars is far from complicated.
cartridges that use iodine to clean water supplies
C) some kind of filters became very important.
from the shuttles.
D) NASA developed studies about recycling.
The technology, called the Microbial Check Valve,
E) astronauts need clean water in space.
has gained momentum in cleaning water for
municipal water plants. It has paved the way for
05. If there were impossible for technology to purify
devising other ways to filter the resource for human
any kind of water in space,
consumption. Such filters become especially
A) it would be due to the lack of interest from the
important in areas where chemicals have
NASA’s scientists.
contaminated groundwater supplies.
B) there would still be easy for astronauts to survive
In recent years, NASA has upped the ante with its
on space shuttles.
water studies by creating units that can more
C) that would result in a serious crisis between the
efficiently recycle human waste such as urine into
special agencies.
safe drinkable water for astronauts. Though the
D) it would be impossible to send any kind of
prospect of venturing to Mars seems light-years away,
spacecraft to the space.
the potential of providing the space crew with the
E) that would make even more difficult to travel to a
water it needs may not be.
Kiger, Patrick & Spoon, Marianne (2019). «Top 10 NASA
far planet like Mars.
Inventions» in howstuffworks. Retrieved from
https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/inventions/top-5-nasa-
inventions10.htm

01. What is the main idea of the passage?

A) Scientists discovered that traveling to Mars is
possible if the crew has water.
B) The Microbial Check Valve is the most important
filter that allows to drink water.
C) It is very difficult to obtain water from a natural
source in the deep big space.
D) NASA has been creating different filters to supply
astronauts with safe water.
E) Recently, there is a project that wants to transform
urine into fresh water.

02. According to the passage, the verb TO ENSURE

most nearly means
A) to make.
B) to see.
C) to anticipate.
D) to forecast.
E) to guarantee.

3
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM
WEEK 02
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA
PASSAGE 1
Biochemistry is one of the crossover fields of
chemistry. Biochemists have to understand both the
living world and the chemical world. Even if you
don’t want to become a biochemist, you'll still have
to understand atoms and molecules as a biologist.
You'll also have to know about organic chemistry; a
much bigger area of chemistry. The key thing to
remember is that biochemistry is the chemistry of the
living world. Plants, animals, and single-celled
organisms all use the same basic chemical
compounds to live their lives.
Biochemistry is not about the cells or the organisms.
It's about the smallest parts of those organisms, the
molecules. It's also about the cycles that create those
biological compounds.
Chem4kids. (n.d.). Biochemistry and the Machinery of Life.
Retrieved from http://www.chem4kids.com/files/bio_intro.html
1. The author explains, mainly,
A) the field of biochemistry.
B) the biochemical knowledge.
C) the cycle of biochemistry.
D) the areas of biochemistry.
2. The word CROSSOVER most nearly means
A) simultaneous.
B) secondary.
C) transversal.
D) essential.
3. It is false about the field of biochemistry to say that
A) is the chemistry of the living world.
B) studies the natural environment.
C) studies single-celled organisms.
D) has a great influence from chemistry.
4. We can infer about the chemistry and biology that
A) need to differentiate their object of study.
B) are widely differentiated from other professions.
C) the two fields converge on the biochemistry.
D) require biochemistry to be called science.
1
5. If biochemistry had no influence from other fields,
then would
A) no longer be considered a science.
B) be very similar to quantum physics.
C) understand the nature of things.
D) lose its multidisciplinary essence.
PASSAGE 2
People who see the glass as half full, according to a
new study, live longer. Boston-area scientists found
the most optimistic people live an average of 11 to 15
percent longer than their more pessimistic peers. «In
previous studies, researchers have found that more
optimistic people tend to have lower risk of chronic
diseases» said Lewina Lee, the lead researcher. «Our
study took it one step further».
The conclusion that optimistic people tend to live
longer holds true regardless of other factors,
including socioeconomic status, body mass index,
social integration, etc. Optimists also generally have
healthier habits, like exercising more and smoking
less.
Not a natural optimist? There’s good news: The mind-
set is about 25 percent hereditary, Lee said, meaning
people have some control over their level of good
thoughts. She said cognitive behavioral therapy and
imagining a future in which your goals have been
reached are examples of ways that people can
become more optimistic.
Lati, M. (2019, August, 29). «Here’s a new reason to be an
optimist: You’re likely to live longer, study says».
Retrieved from
https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2019/08/29/heres-
new-reason-be-an-optimist-youre-likely- live-longer-study-
says/
6. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Women are more optimistic than men.
B) Optimists live longer than pessimists.
C) Optimistic people are always in good health.
D) All people over age 85 are optimistic.
7. In the passage, the word REACHED implies
A) satisfaction.
B) competition.
C) hope.
D) lucky.
8. About the characteristics of an optimistic person,
it is compatible to say that
A) optimists can always control their thoughts.
B) optimistic people never drink or smoke.
C) all optimistic people are great athletes.
D) optimists learn to be optimistic people.
9. It can be inferred from the results found in the
study that
A) people suffering from obesity are not optimistic.
B) only a privileged class can live up to 85 years.
C) sex is not an influential factor in people’s
longevity.
D) it is not possible for men to live up to 70 years.
10. If a new study shown that most 90-year-olds are
pessimistic, then
A) the research exposed by the author would lose
consistency.
B) it would confirm that most people are always
pessimistic.
C) the need for people to have healthier habits would
be evident.
D) most people would need to learn to control their
thoughts.
PASSAGE 3
I say to you today, my friend, though, even though we
face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have
a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American
dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will
rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men
are created equal.”
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia
the sons of former slaves and the sons of former
slaveowners will be able to sit down together at the
table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day
even the state of Mississipi, a state sweltering with
the people’s injustice, sweltering with the heat of
oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of
freedom and justice.
I have a dream that my four little children will one
day live in a nation where they will not be judged by
the color of their skin but by the content of their
character. I have a dream...
[Speech by the Rev. Martin Luther King at the «March on
Washington». 1963]
11. The word CREED most nearly means
A) truth. B) dogma.
C) belief. D) judgment.
2
12. According to the American dream, it follows that
human equality is a
A) certainty.
B) doubt.
C) paradox.
D) legend.
13. What is the main idea of Luther King’s speech?
A) The oppression of the people is a terrible prison
for mankind.
B) Human life is full of personal dreams about the
distant future.
C) We must walk a lot to reach a true brotherhood in
the world.
D) A nation where justice and equality prevail is a
beautiful utopia.
14. Which of the following statements is not
compatible with Luther King’s speech?
A) The reconciliation of the American people is
impossible.
B) We must face the obstacles with optimism and
hope.
C) The oppression of human beings is a macula in
history.
D) Racial segregation is unfair behavior in the world.
15. If a country were an oasis of freedom and justice,
A) there would be no room for oppression.
B) it would be impossible to reach wealth.
C) everyone would have great talent.
D) the personal character would be one.
PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
A Chinese scientist recently claimed he had
produced the world’s first gene-edited babies, setting
off a global firestorm. If true — the scientist has not
yet published data that would confirm it — his
actions would be a sensational breach of
international scientific conventions. Although gene
editing holds promise to potentially correct
dangerous disease-causing mutations and treat some
medical conditions, there are many safety and ethical
concerns about editing human embryos.
The scientist, He Jiankui, said he used Crispr, a
gene-editing technique, to alter a gene in human
embryos — and then implanted the embryos in the
womb of a woman, who gave birth to twin girls in
November.
That is illegal in many countries, including the
United States. China has halted Dr. He’s research
and is investigating whether he broke any laws there.
Among the concerns are whether the couples
involved in Dr. He’s research were adequately
informed about the embryo editing and the potential
risks involved.
Dr. He says he has submitted his research to a
scientific journal. But nothing has been published
yet, and he announced the births of the twins before
his research could be peer-reviewed by fellow
scientists. He also appears to have taken other
secretive steps that defy scientific standards.
Kolata, Gina & Belluck, Pam (2018). «Why Are Scientist So
Upset About the First Crispr Babies?» in The New
York Times. Retrieved from
<https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/05/health/crispr-gene-
editing-embryos.html>
(edited text).
1. Mainly, the passage is about
A) the birth of the world’s first twin girls using a gene-
editing technique.
B) Crispr, the most modern technique that modify
babies before its birth.
C) the serious questionings that an experiment in
babies has generated.
D) the publication of a Chinese research about
altering genes in humans.
E) the illegal techniques that an Asian scientist was
practicing in babies.
4. According to the scientist He Jiankui, it is not
compatible to argue that
A) his research involves genetically modifying
human babies.
B) he permitted another scientists to check his
investigation.
C) his investigation could be considered illegal in
many places.
D) he said that he used a gene-editing technique
called Crispr.
E) he seemed to be confident about the experiment
that he did.
5. If Dr. He’s research were published in a scientific
journal as he said, then
A) still, there would be many safety and ethical
concerns about his research.
B) that publication would be definitely rejected by
the scientific community.
C) the United States and China would quit from
reporting his research.
D) he would finally demonstrate that his experiments
were within the law.
E) probably, he would avoid having different kinds of
critic about his work.

2. In the second line, the phrase A GLOBAL

FIRESTORM implies
A) an intricate research.
B) an intense war.
C) a mix of opinions.
D) a lot of criticism.
E) an incredible notice.

3. We can plausibly infer from the information about

Dr. He’s research that
A) its problems are caused due to the difference
between U.S. and China laws.
B) it has done some kind of procedures considered
illegal in every country.
C) its conclusions are totally incorrect because they
lack of rigorousness.
D) it has countless evidence of being done with many
secretive steps.
E) it has probably violated more than one law in
China with his investigation.

3
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM
WEEK 03
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA
PASSAGE 1
Hair color is determined by two different forms of
pigment: eumelanin (which is the largest influence)
and phenomelanin. Eumelanin is a black pigment,
and phenomelanin is a red or yellow pigment.
Hair color is determined by three factors having to do
with pigments: how much pigment is present, to what
degree a eumelanin or phenomelanin is present and
how close together the melanin (pigment) granules
are. The more eumelanin a person has, the darker his
hair will be. Eumelanin is made up of melanocytes,
which are cells that give skin, eyes, and hair its color.
This is the reason why people with blond hair often
have lighter skin, while very dark-haired people have
dark skin.
01. The text answers the following question:
A) Is it possible to choose the hair color?
B) How is hair color determined?
C) How many hair colors are there?
D) What are the natural hair color
02. The contextual synonym for the word REASON is
A) incentive. B) goal.
C) motive. D) purpose.
03. It is possible to infer that the black hair of the
Japanese contains ______________ and that of Irish
redheads is very rich in ______________.
A) large amount of eumelanin - pheomelanin
B) a slight amount of eumelanin - eumelanin
C) practically only pheomelanin - eumelanin
D) little amount of eumelanin - pheomelanin
1
04. Regarding hair color, it is incompatible to affirm
that
A) hair color and skin color are determined by totally
different substances.
B) gray hair in older adults is due to a decrease in
melanin production.
C) it is marked mainly by two types of melanin:
eumelanin and pheomelanin.
D) Scandinavian blond hair is characterized by low
levels of eumelanin.
05. If a baby were born with dark brown hair,
A) it will definitely be because both parents have
dark hair.
B) over time its hair will eventually darken to entirely
black.
C) when it grows up and becomes an adult it will dye
its hair.
D) his or her skin and eyes would probably also be
brown.
PASSAGE 2
The pandemic triggered a boom far video streaming
services like Netflix, Disney+, and others.In 2020
and 2021, Netflix added 54.6 million
subscribers,many of them in the frightening, isolating
six months after the world locked down and people
sought entertainment in the safety of their homes.
Now, that unprecedented wave of grow1h may be
hitting its limits, as the company lost subscribers for
the first time in its history. In the aftermath of
Netflix's results, other streaming services have taken
a hit-Disney, Paramount, and Warner Bros.
Discovery, ali of which run streaming services. saw
their stock price drop as well. 11 ali raises the
question: Was the pandemic peak streaming,and
we're now on a perpetua! downward slope?
"In 2020, people werelocked alhome, and you
couldn't do any1hing but watch TV," says Maria Rua
Aguete, senior director of media and entertainment at
London-based consultancy Omdia, which regularly
analyzes the state of the streaming market. "lt's only
natural to go down after a boom."
The next question, then, is how streaming services
will find their new normal, as user demographics
change, and the casi of basic needs continues to rise.
Stokel Walker,C. (May 2,2022)."lnflation,Passwords and TikTok: The
Real Threats to the Future of Netmx and Streaming". In nme.
Retrieved from <https:/ltime.com/6172680/netflix streaming-
future/>
06. The text is mainly about
A) the boom that Netflix had during the pandemic.
B) the platforms' methods of retaining subscribers.
C) the recen!decline of streaming platforms.
D) the bankruptcy of platforms such as Netflix.
07. The word BOOM connotes
A) expansion.
B) eruption.
C) explosion.
D) discharge.
08. It is inferred that one of!he reasons why users
unsubscribe from streaming platforms is because
A) the content they provideis objectionable to many.
B) people prefer to pay for cable and interne!service.
C) they can watch free content provided by TikTok.
D) the cost of living after the pandemic increased.
09. lt is inoompatible to state that Netflix
A) has been losing subscribers since 2020.
B) was competing with other platforms.
C) has lost value on the stock market.
D) has novel content inits programming.
10. lf, in the future, social isolation should again
become essential,
A) Netflix will absorb the rest of the streaming
platforms.
B) streaming platforms will probably boom again.
C) new forms of entertainment will prevail over
Netflix.
D) it would be caused by a globalhealth catastrophe.
PASSAGE 3
Metaphysics (or ontology or philosophicalcosmology)
is a traditional branch of philosophy and as such it
need not bejustified in the eyes of the philosopher,
unless he or she is a positivist. Sorne scientists,
however, may still be somewhat suspicious about the
relevance of metaphysics to their discipline. After all,
it is still popular to equate metaphysics with either
religion, wild speculation,or sorne unintelligible
discourse about Being, Nothingness,Dasein,
deconstruction. and the like. Thus,understandably,
there are stillantimetaphysicians among scientists.
and even the odd philosopher expresses doubts as to
whether ontology can be helpfulfor biology at all. Yet
the fact that sorne ontologies are wrong or useless
does not render all metaphysics objectionable: after
all, every human belief and action involves sorne
metaphysical presuppositions.
2
For example,most of our actions presuppose that
there is, in fact, a wor1d externa!to the knowing or
acting subject. Thus,as has been remarked many
times, and rightly so, an antimetaphysician is just one
who holds primitive and unexamined metaphysical
bellefs.
Bunge. M.(1997). Foundations of Biophilosophy.Spónger.
11. What is the topic?
A) The subjective side of phi osophical metaphysics
B) The antimetaphysicians and the metaphysical lies
C) Scientific metaphysics and its objective
foundations
D) Metaphysics,a necessary branch of philosophy
12. What is the synonymous of the word BELIEFS?
A) truths.
B) presuppositions
C) lies.
D) theories.
13. lt is false to say about metaphysics
A) is a branch of study of philosophy.
B) in everyday lite is not necessary.
C) causes mistrust in sorne scientists.
D) can be equated to wild speculation.
14. About the positivist philosopher, it can be
inferred that
A) does not believe that metaphysics is a branch of
curren!philosophy.
B) justifies in a coherent and consisten!way the
theses of metaphysics.
C) rejects all universal philosophical theories and all
scientific theories.
D) his stance towards metaphysics is similar to that
of sorne scientists.
15. lf metaphysics were not a traditionalbranch of
philosophy
A) positivist philosophers would rely on it.
B) it would not cause mistrust and doubt.
C) it would be a branch of study of science.
D) it would need to be recurrently justified.
 PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA 03. About the possibility of moving in space, we can
infer that
A) it is possible due to the control that people are
In my own small way, I have power over space. I can
developing in time and space.
choose where I want to be: I can stay in bed here in
B) we cannot choose to move there no matter how
London; I can get up and go into the lovely Plus office
much we wanted to do that.
in Cambridge; I can even choose to catch a plane
C) in some cases it could depend on more factors than
across the planet and visit my family in Australia.
just the person’s will.
The three-dimensional space we live in is something
D) it could be done taking a plane across the planet
I can move through and explore at my will, within the
to visit someone in Australia.
constraints of transport, technology and my bank
balance.
04. According to the author’s point of view, it is valid
I do not, however, have any power over time. I cannot
to say that
choose when I want to be – no matter how much I
A) moving in time is something that seems to be
yearn for the past or look forward to the future I can
impossible.
only be now, in the present.
B) it reveals that the author went to Australia in
I cannot make time pass faster, or slow down, or stand
recent years.
still, no matter how much I would like to when I am
C) we decide when do we like to go when we have
in the dentist's chair or enjoying a particularly lovely
control of time.
afternoon in the sunshine. Time moves inexorably
D) no matter how much we want it we cannot travel
forward. And no amount of technology or money
too far.
seems to be able to change that.
Thomas, R. (2016). “What is a block universe?” in +plus magazine.
Retrieved from <https://plus.maths.org/content/what- 05. If the author could make changes in time, he
block-time> (edited text). would probably like to ______________ when he is
enjoying a particularly lovely afternoon in the
01. What is the main statement of passage? sunshine.
A) Normal people can travel when they want. A) slow time down
B) Time passes inexorably forward as space. B) make time pass faster
C) People need money to travel everywhere. C) look forward to the future
D) We are unable to choose to move in time. D) go to the dentist’s chair

02. Based on the passage, what is the concept of

POWER?
A) Strength
B) Control
C) Energy
D) Aptitude

3
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM

WEEK 04
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA engender: v. (-ed) engendrar, generar, procrear,
ocasionar
fact: n. hecho, realidad, información
PASSAGE 1
field: n. campo, área, terreno; adj. de campo
Nanotechnology is a relatively new branch of science
hence: adv. así que, por tanto, por consiguiente, de
which involves manipulation of properties of matter
ahí, a partir de
at nanoscale. The premise of nanotechnology lies in
here: adv. aquí, acá, en este caso
the fact that the properties of an element or
highlight: v. (-ed) resaltar, recalcar, seleccionar; n.
compound can be manipulated easily when it exists
lo más destacado, parte más memorable
in its nanoform (diameter of 1- 100nm). As
huge: adj. enorme, gigante, importante
nanotechnology is a rising field, there is a lot of
involve: v. (-ed) suponer, significar, implicar
interest amongst the scholars regarding the subject.
journal: n. revista, semanario, periódico, diario
For this reason, Nanotechnology is a journal
lie: v. (-ed) mentir; v. (lay, lain) tumbarse, echarse,
dedicated to research in this field. This is a peer-
extenderse, radicar, consistir; n. mentira
reviewed scientific journal published by IOP
matter: n. material, material, asunto, tema, problema
Publishing. It covers research in all areas of
new: adj. nuevo(a),
nanotechnology. Since 2009, the Editor-in-Chief has
peer-reviewed: revisado por pares
been Mark Reed of Yale University, USA. In this
premise: n. premise, suposición, suposición,
way, Nanotechnology is a huge corpus of
argumento
nanotechnology related information; here it is
reader: n. lector
highlighted cutting edge developments in
reason: n. razón, motive, causa
nanotechnology and itsapplications such as micro-
regard: v. observar, contemplar,
fabrication, nano-medicine, nano-electronics,
relate: v. (-ed) relacionar, relatar, contar
molecular biology and nano-engineering. Hence,
relatively: adv. relativamente
Nanotechnology caters to this new field of research
research: n. investigación; v. (-ed) investigar
and engender scientific curiosity amongst their
rising field: campo ascendente
readers.
scholar: n. académico, erudito, estudiante
Wang, E., & Wang, A. (12th June, 2018). «Nanoparticles and
since: prep. desde; adv. desde entonces; conj. desde
their applications in cell and molecular biology». From que, porque, dado que, ya que
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3865110/ subject: n. tema, materia, asignatura, sujeto
such as: loc. adv. tal como
VOCABULARY way: n. forma, manera, modo, método, camino,
a lot of: expr. un montón de, muchos dirección, vía
amongst: prep. entre, en el medio de, dentro de
01. What is the subject?
branch: n. rama, bifurcación; v. (-ed) bifurcar,
A) The science of nanotechnology
separar
B) The properties of nanotechnology
cater to: v. (-ed) complacer, atender, satisfacer
C) The journal called Nanotechnology
compound: n. compuesto, mezcla, recinto; adj.
D) The relatively new branch of science
Complejo, compuesto: v. (-ed) agravar, calcular
corpus: n. corpus, recopilatorio, cadáver 02. The phrase NEW BRANCH OF SCIENCE
cover: v. (-ed) cubrir, abarcar, incluir implies
cut: v. (cut, cut) cortar, rebanar, reducer, hacer una A) a difference between nanotechnology and other
incisión: n. incision, corte, tajo sciences.
development: n. desarrollo, progreso, acontecimiento B) nanotechnology is a new field of knowledge to
easily: adv. fácilmente, con facilidad, sin dudas, investigate.
indudablemente, C) science is, after all, the explanation of the nature
edge: n. borde, canto, filo, acantilado; agudeza; v. (- of matter.
ed) alejarse lentamente, moverse gradualmente D) the notion of nanotechnology is revolutionary only
in medicine.
1
03. It can be inferred from the reading that the main
idea of the passage is
A) nanotechnology implies manipulation of
properties of matter at nanoscale.
B) the revolution of nanotechnology means the
progress of science in general.
C) the study of nanotechnology will solve many
modern problems in the society.
D) Nanotechnology is a huge collection of
nanotechnology related information.
04. According to the passage, the word HIGHLIGHT
is closest in meaning to
A) convey.
B) progress.
C) emphasize.
D) motivate.
05. If the scientists had not been discovered the
nanoform until now, then
A) scientific journals could not have existed until
now.
B) the manipulation of matter would be impossible
now.
C) the scientific revolution would never have existed.
D) nanomedicine could not have been conceived yet.
PASSAGE 2
Many of us are familiar with workplace burnout —
the feeling of extreme physical and emotional
exhaustion that often affects doctors, business
executives, and first-aid workers.
Burnout has been called a stress syndrome. However,
the World Health Organization (WHO) now refers to
burnout as “syndrome conceptualized as resulting
from chronic workplace stress that has not been
successfully managed,” in the organization’s
International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11)
diagnostic manual of 2019.
The change in definition may help bring about an
increased awareness and allow people to access
better treatment, remove the stigma that surrounds
burnout and will make it easier to study burnout and
the impact it has on others.
The three symptoms included in the list are:
• feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion
• increased mental distance from one’s job or
feelings negative towards one’s career
• reduced professional productivity
People with symptoms of burnout may fear that taking
time away from work or investing in self-care makes
2
them “weak,” and that burnout is best overcome by
working harder.
However, left untreated, burnout can cause people to
become depressed, anxious, and distracted, which
can impact not only their work relationships, but
their personal interactions, too.
Fraga, J. (June 5, 2019). Why the WHO’s Decision to
Redefine Burnout Is Important. It wasrecovered from
https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/burnout-
definition-world-health-organization#A-change-in-definition-
may-help-remove-the-stigma-that-surrounds-burnout (Edited
text)
06. Which is the main idea of the text?
A) Some side effects of burnout in people daily
lifestyle.
B) All symptoms to physicians diagnose burnout
illness.
C) The impact that burnout definition was updated
recently.
D) Burnout or a new global disease recognized by the
WHO.
07. The word AWARENESS implies all, except
A) deceive.
B) knowledge.
C) understanding.
D) learn.
08. It is inferred about the symptoms of burnout
A) can reduced at all when the workday is over.
B) can be reduced easily at the present time.
C) only impact the way we deal with co-workers.
D) can slow down the daily work duties assigned.
09. If burnout did not impact people’s mental health,
A) it could not be regarded as a disease by WHO.
B) this one would have physical symptoms anyway.
C) people who suffer it would be able to work more.
D) those who have it don’t need occupational support.
10. It is incompatible that the update of burnout’s
definition
A) makes it more difficult the treatment of burnout
patients.
B) may help dismantle the misbelief that it’s “nothing
serious.”
C) serves to distinguish it from other mental health
concerns.
D) can avoid that people who suffer it feel less
ashamed.
PASSAGE 3 14. According to the passage, hikikomori people
In the late 1990s, Japan found that a large number of today
its adolescents and young adults were having almost A) feel uncomfortable with their surround.
no social contact at all, save for some communication B) can improve with psychological support.
with their families. C) is much more widespread than before.
In 2010, the Japanese government estimated that D) are selfish and cautious with strangers
there are 700,000 individuals living as hikikomori
within Japan, with an average age of 31. Current 15. If a teenager was forced to live in confinement,
research suggests that the problem has become more A) he could not be a hikikomori despite he lives alone
common in many parts of the world— and we need a during a long time.
better diagnosis for it. B) he would undoubtedly be sick with a contagious
It was called hikikomori (or ひきこもり in and emerging disease.
Japanese), meaning “pulling inward, being C) it would be because his family would be in trouble
confined” or more colloquially —being a shut-in. and try to protect him.
Hikikomori essentially withdraw from social life D) he could not be called hikikomori because his
without any underlying physical or mental condition. isolation is not voluntary.
Usually, hikikomori develops over an extended
period of time.
This condition also rarely changes for the better.
According to interviews and surveys with hikikomori, PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
oftentimes, the mere thought of renouncing this
lifestyle can produce distress.
My city isn’t a bad city however it’s nothing to get too
Social withdrawal means hikikomori stay indoors
excited about either. Because it’s a quiet city with
almost every day, and they might live with their
very little crime lots of people move here to start
families or on their own. This is not just a form of
families. There are plenty of schools and several
social anxiety, most researchers studying it are
parks. There are also quite a number of jobs. People
pushing to classify it as a pathological condition.
work in both offices and factories.
Having grown up here, I know it well. Too well. I’m
Mihai A. (January 22, 2021). What is Hikikomori, the
Japanese phenomenon of extreme social ready to move to another place. I want to see other
isolation — and why it seems to be spreading. It was cities and other countries. I think it’s important to
recovered from learn new things and explore other cultures. I like to
https://www.zmescience.com/science/hikikomori-loneliness/ spend time with people who have ideas that are
(Edited text).
different from my ideas. It helps me to see things in
a new way.
11. The topic of the passage is
A) hikikomori’s habits.
01. The main intention of the author is
B) hikikomori’s definition.
A) to justify the family.
C) hikikomori’s description.
B) to expose what an office is.
D) hikikomori’s progression.
C) to explain his boring life.
D) to define the old countries.
12. In the text, CHANGE FOR THE BETTER can be
E) to describe his city.
replaced for
A) improve.
02. The phrase TO MOVE TO ANOTHER PLACE
B) shift.
connotes
C) worsen.
A) difficult job.
D) remain.
B) bad city.
C) other worlds.
13. It can be inferred that hikikomori condition
D) new experiences.
A) is no underlying mental triggering factor.
E) both offices.
B) isn’t like a switch that suddenly turns on.
C) is due to unpleasant social experiences.
D) is exclusively of teenagers and adults.
3
03. It is inferred that the author likes to meet new 05. If the author lived in a city where there were many
people for crimes, probably
A) learning new languages. A) that city would stop having many parks and
B) hearing new ideas. schools by citizen insecurity.
C) speaking languages. B) the author would consider his city as exciting and
D) working with his brother. stay there forever.
E) eating new foods. C) a lot of people wanted to live there because they
would consider it exciting.
04. It is inconsistent with reading to affirm that the D) the day would come when the author would like to
author move to another city.
A) grew up in this city. E) the author would be happy and spend time talking
B) explored other cities. to people of his city.
C) was born in this city.
D) hates this city.
E) moved to this city.

4
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM

WEEK 05
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA 04. It is inferred from the reading that in United
Kingdom
A) education is well valued in society.
Passage 1
B) are the best Nobel prizes in literature.
The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest
C) competitions are generated among the schools.
university in the English-speaking world (after
D) education is low cost for the population.
Oxford). It is situated in the town of Cambridge,
England. According to legend, the university was
05. If Perú had a prestigious university like
founded in 1209 by scholars escaping from Oxford
Cambridge, then it would
after a fight with locals there. Cambridge has
A) be the best university at continental level.
produced more Nobel prize winners than any other
B) cause the suspicion of many private universities.
university in the world, having 80 associated with it,
C) be a university for students with high economic
about 70 of whom were students there. It regularly
incomes.
heads league tables ranking British universities, and
D) be result of a real education investment by the
a recent league table by the Times Higher Education
State.
Supplement rated it sixth in the world overall and
first for science. The universities of Oxford and
Passage 2
Cambridge, often referred together as Oxbridge,
Veganism is a diet and lifestyle that seeks to exclude
compete to be seen as the strongest overall university
the use of “animal products” for food, clothing, or any
in the UK. Historically, they have produced a
other purpose. Vegans endeavor not to use or
significant proportion of Britain's prominent
consume animal products of any kind. The most
scientists, writers and politicians.
common reasons for becoming a vegan are ethical
commitment or moral conviction concerning animal
01. The main intention of the author on the reading
rights, the environment and human health. Of
is to
particular concern to many vegans are the practices
A) explain the historical competition between Oxford
involved in factory farming and animal testing, and
and Cambridge.
the intensive use of land and other resources for
B) describe the most famous academics of
animal farming.
Cambridge.
C) criticize the academic path of the University of
11. What is the central topic of the reading?
Oxford.
A) The different ways that vegans have for feeding
D) make a brief historical review of the University of
B) The protests of the vegans to the animal abuse
Cambridge.
C) The lifestyle and values in vegan people
E) contrast the most important historical facts of
D) The varied gastronomic recipes in the vegan diet
Cambridge.
12. What is the contextual antonym of
02. The contextual synonym of TABLE is
CONVICTION?
A) board
A) Doubt B) Value B) Security D) Debt
B) list.
C) rule.
13. With regard to vegans, it is false to say that
D) portion.
A) they strain for consuming only food of animal
origin.
03. It is true to say about the historic competition
B) they are opposite to all kinds of suffering of the
between Oxford and Cambridge that it
animals.
A) is a recent rivalry among the universities.
C) they have a opposite feeding style from the rest of
B) is known in the United Kingdom.
the people.
C) represents an urban legend.
D) they condemn the elaboration of products done
D) has a sportive and philosophical origin.
with animals.

1
14. It is inferred about the vegan diet that it
A) takes as principal ingredient the beef meat.
B) can be difficult to acquire in some supermarkets.
C) lacks all kinds of proteins and vitamins
D) is a food option consumed by athletes.
15. If the vegan diet omitted eating only chicken and
beef, probably
A) many defenders of the animals would quit this
food option.
B) the government would promote the vegetarian food
consumption.
C) some vegans would incorporate fish in their food
routine.
D) the vegetarian people would create other forms to
feed healthy
Passage 3
Imagine that you are in the desert. You are lost. You
have been walking for hours. You have run out of
water. On the horizon, you see a giant, shining puddle
of water. "Yes!", you shout. You are saved! But...it is
not a puddle of water. It is a mirage. Mirages are
optical illusions. Normally, light waves from the sun
travel straight through the atmosphere to your eye.
But, light travels at different speeds through hot air
and cold air. Mirages happen when the ground is very
hot and the air is cool. The hot ground warms a layer
of air just above the ground. When the light moves
through the cold air and into the layer of hot air it is
refracted (bent). A layer of very warm air near the
ground refracts the light from the sky nearly into a U-
shaped bend. Our brain thinks the light has travelled
in a straight line. Our brain does not see the image as
bent light from the sky. Instead, our brain thinks the
light must have come from something on the ground.
That is a mirage. Planet Science (2022). “What is a mirage?”
in Planet Science. Retrieved from http://www.planet-
science.com/categories/under-11s/our-world/2012/01/what-is-
a-mirage.aspx (Edited text).
16. The main idea of the passage is
A) mirages are optical illusions that are explained by
the different speeds light travels in the air.
B) mirages are caused by the cold layer of air that is
present in desserts and other types of terrain.
C) our brains ignore the changes in temperature in
the air and that results in us seeing mirages.
D) mirages are the main reason travelers and
explorers mistake warm ground from a puddle.
12. What does RUN OUT OF most likely means?
A) Drink B) Reduce C) Drain D) Throw
2
18. It is inferred from the passage about mirages that
A) they happen most of the time in enormous deserts.
B) the light that causes them never touches the
ground.
C) they only need a layer of air in the ground to
appear.
D) occur more when you have walked for several
hours.
19. It is compatible to say that a real puddle of water
A) refracts the light in a U-shaped bend.
B) warms the water so the light is deviated.
C) reflects light from the water it contains.
D) is unable to reflect water in a sunny day.
20. If our brains were able to clearly distinguish when
light is reflected from the ground
A) the mirages we would see would only appear at
night.
B) we would probably be experts in finding water
sources.
C) that would increase the rate of survivors in the
deserts.
D) we would more easily recognize a real puddle of
water.
Passage 4
Nothing on Earth can live without water. The origin
of water on Earth, therefore, is the origin of life in the
Solar System (and the Universe) as we know it.
Figuring out where and how our world obtained its
water might be key to finding life on other worlds, but
the truth is we do not know for sure where it came
from.
It is commonly accepted that one potential
mechanism for water delivery was bombardment from
water-bearing asteroids and comets when Earth as we
know it today was much younger. But a new analysis
of rocks collected from the Moon and brought to Earth
during the Apollo era suggests that this might not
actually be the case. Rather, according to a team of
researchers at Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory, the likeliest explanation is that Earth
formed with its water. In other words, it was here all
along.
"Earth was either born with the water we have, or we
were hit by something that was basically pure H2O,
with not much else in it," explains cosmochemist
Greg Brennecka of LLNL. "This work eliminates
meteorites or asteroids as possible sources of water
on Earth and points strongly toward the 'born with it'
option."
 Starr, Michelle (2022). “The True Source of Earth’s Water Bipolar disorder is typically diagnosed during late
Could Be Wildly Different to What You Think” in adolescence or early adulthood. Occasionally,
Science Alert. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencealert.com/moon-rocks-may-reveal-the-
bipolar symptoms can appear in children. Bipolar
true-source-of-earths-water-and-it-s-not-asteroids (Edited disorder can also first appear during a woman’s
text). pregnancy or following childbirth. Although the
symptoms may vary over time, bipolar disorder
21. What is the central topic of the passage? usually requires lifelong treatment.
A) The possible external origin of water that is People with bipolar disorder experience periods of
present on the Earth unusually intense emotion, changes in sleep patterns
B) A new inspection of rocks brought from the Moon and activity levels, and uncharacteristic behaviors —
and asteroids often without recognizing their likely harmful or
C) The sources of water present today and how did undesirable effects. These distinct periods are called
they materialize «mood episodes». Mood episodes are very different
D) Research that suggests that water was on the Earth from the moods and behaviors that are typical for the
all the time person. During an episode, the symptoms last every
day for most of the day. Episodes may also last for
22. The phrase FIGURE OUT refers to a(n) longer periods, such as several days or weeks.
A) presage. B) acceptance. Retrieved from
C) discovery. D) innovation. <https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-
disorder/index.shtml>

23. We can infer about meteorites that hit the Earth

01. The main purpose of the author is to
that
A) describe bipolar disorder and its characteristics.
A) differ from asteroids because they hit the Moon.
B) determine the best treatment for bipolar disorder.
B) stopped hitting the Earth the preceding century.
C) explain the differences between mental disorders.
C) probably contained the water that reached Earth.
D) inform about the reality of patients with bipolarity.
D) would not have had any H2O in their composition.
02. The word SHIFT can be replaced by
24. According to Brennecka’s point of view, it is
A) change. B) state. C) rule. D) action.
consistent to argue that
A) the Earth had its own water from the beginning.
03. Regarding patients with bipolar disorder, it is
B) the Universe as we know exists thanks to water.
possible to infer that
C) the Moon had enough water to give it to Earth.
A) it may be difficult to fully understand them. *
D) the origin of water is probably in big asteroids.
B) they will take medications only for a time.
C) they are all diagnosed when they are old.
25. If we found frozen water on Mars
D) it can be very difficult to recognize them.
A) it would have to melt to study its main
characteristics.
04. It is not compatible to affirm that bipolar disorder
B) an asteroid would have had to collide in that
A) is a mental disorder that has a cure. *
region.
B) alters emotions in an intense way.
C) it would be possible to assume that there is life
C) causes unusual shifts in energy.
there.
D) affects personal concentration.
D) that would mean other living beings have already
died.
05. If a pregnant woman suddenly experiences
periods of unusually intense emotion, changes
PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA in sleep patterns and uncharacteristic behaviors,
A) she may have developed bipolar disorder. *
Bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive B) she can never improve her emotions.
illness or manic depression) is a mental disorder that C) her pregnancy will be very protracted.
causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, D) her intellectual level could improve.
concentration, and the ability to carry out day-to-day
tasks.

3
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM
WEEK 06
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA
PASSAGE 1
Both artificial intelligence and robotics have been
improving over the past few years. Large companies are
betting billions that in the near future we will have cars
that can drive themselves, drones that can fly
themselves to deliver packages, automatic fast food
chefs, AI personal assistants, manufacturing robots that
can train themselves, and other robots.
This has raised the following question:
What happens if a new technology causes millions to
lose their jobs in a short period of time, or what if most
companies simply no longer need many human
workers?
In the United States, the current society is built on the
premise that companies and government need human
workers to function, and most able bodied adults can
perform tasks companies would pay for. Everything is
based on this premise: from the way we design our
transit systems to allow for daily commutes to work, to
how we structure health insurance and how set
monetary policy.
One of the most important policy decisions based
around this concept of mass employment is how the
government is funded. Roughly 80 percent of all federal
tax revenue comes from income or payroll taxes. If even
a modest segment of workers are displaced, the impact
on government budgets could be substantial.
To deal with this possible problem the world’s richest
man, Bill Gates, has floated the idea of a robot tax.
Gates has suggested we tax robots at a rate similar to
what we would’ve taxed the workers so tax revenue
could pay for more employment in education and elder
care. The idea is also to slow down the speed of the
technology’s adoption, to give society more time to
adjust.
Walker, J. (2017). Robot Tax – A Summary of Arguments
“For” and “Against”. Retrieved from
https://www.techemergence.com/robot-tax-summary-
arguments/
01. What is the best summarize?
A) The adoption of artificial intelligence and robotics in
jobs will generate a negative impact on the way
governments obtain money to finance public budgets,
because workers won’t pay taxes.
1
B) According to Gates, the robot tax would serve to
mitigate the impact on budgets, slow down the adoption
of technology in jobs, and allow workers to adjust to the
new situation.
C) The automation of the different jobs, which humans
used to do, will allow robots to be more efficient in
production, which is why large companies are betting a
lot of money on automation.
D) Current societies are based on human work that is
done by physically capable adults, who receive a
stipend; consequently, they pay taxes that governments
collect to finance themselves.
E) Bill Gates, has argued that robots have to pay taxes
like humans, so the adoption of robots in jobs will be
paralyzed to preserve the current economic and social
organization.
02. The phrase OTHER ROBOTS implies
A) new ways in which all robots with AI work for a
salary.
B) the production of robots with better human
intelligence.
C) other potential jobs in which robots could be
adopted.
D) the total destruction of current forms of automatic
work.
E) the competition of humans versus robots for paid
jobs.
03. It is inferred that one way to adapt to technological
changes in jobs is
A) to elect Bill Gates as president.
B) to dedicate time to practice sports.
C) to live doing absolutely nothing.
D) to destroy all robots that steal jobs.
E) to find other forms of employment.
04. It is incompatible to argue that the economy of a
country
A) will be transformed once humans have to stop
working because of robots.
B) will be damaged when political reforms do not
harmonize with labor reforms.
C) will be damaged political reforms do not march in
line with labor reforms.
D) is independent of technological developments and
the political constitution.
E) can be enhanced or slow down by the developments
of robotic technologies.
05. If the robots were designed only to complement and
improve human work, then
A) humans would be totally harmed by the dependence
of robots.
B) humans could evolve successfully into another
higher phase.
C) the labor problems of humans would cease to exist
totally.
D) to think that robots would have to "pay taxes" would
be illogical.
E) robots should also tax when they are adopted by
humans in jobs.
PASSAGE 2
"Luddite" is a term that was coined in the 19th century
to refer labor movement that railed against the
economic fallout of the Industrial Revolution. The
original Luddites were British weavers and textile
workers who objected to the increased use of automated
looms and knitting frames. Most were trained artisans
who had spent years learning their craft, and they
feared that unskilled machine operators were robbing
them of their livelihood. When their appeals for
government aid and assistance were ignored, a few
desperate weavers began breaking into factories and
smashing textile machines. They called themselves
“Luddites” after Ned Ludd, a young apprentice who
was rumored to have wrecked a textile apparatus in the
late-18th century. There’s no evidence Ludd actually
existed—like Robin Hood, he was said to reside in
Sherwood Forest—but he eventually became the
mythical leader of the movement. The vandals claimed
to be following orders from “General Ludd,” and they
even issued manifestoes and threatening letters under
his name.
The first major instances of machine breaking took
place in 1811 in Nottingham, and the practice soon
spread across the English countryside. Sledgehammer-
wielding Luddites attacked and burned factories, and
in some cases they even exchanged gunfire with
company guards and soldiers. The workers hoped their
raids would encourage a ban on weaving machines, but
the British government instead moved to quash the
uprisings by making machine breaking punishable by
death. The unrest finally reached its peak in April
1812, when a few Luddites were gunned down during
an attack on a mill near Huddersfield.
The army rounded up many of the dissidents in the days
that followed, and dozens were hanged or transported to
Australia. By 1813, the Luddite resistance had all but
vanished.
Andrews. E. (August 7, 2015). Who were the Luddites?
Retrieved from https://www.history.com/news/who-
2
06. What is the subject?
A) The movement of General Ludd
B) The destruction of textile machines
C) The technophobia in the 17th century
D) The history of the Luddite movement
E) The biography of General Ludd
07. The verb COIN implies
A) the origin of a movement.
B) the fight against dismissals.
C) a new way of producing.
D) struggle for labor demands.
E) the creation of a concept.
08. It can be plausibly inferred that the British
government crushed the Luddite revolt
because
A) it was tolerant of pro-proletarian movements.
B) it conceived that the law is above all the English.
C) it understood that they were intolerant of technology.
D) the demands of they characters were quite unfair.
E) it preferred to favor the bosses of the big industries.
09. It is incompatible with reading to say that the
Luddites emerged to support the introduction of new
technology in industries, because
A) they chose to destroy those machines with the aim of
not dismissing them from their jobs.
B) they were supported by the British government with
fair labor reforms that prevented mass layoffs.
C) they organized with the bosses to perfect the new
ways of producing during the Industrial Revolution.
D) the capitalists assured that they would respect the
jobs and wages of all industrial workers.
E) the British government opposed the introduction of
automatic textiles into the factories of England.
10. If the British government of the 19th century had
privileged the craft work of textile workers and weavers,
then
A) the large-scale capitalist form of production would
not have developed in England.
B) workers and capitalists could have worked
harmoniously in industrial factories.
C) England would inevitably have become a communist
state ruled by the proletarians.
D) General Ned Ludd would not have had to live hidden
in the Sherwood forest.
E) the British government would have laid the
foundations of English human capitalism.
PASSAGE 3
Imagine that you had to remove your appendix to live
in your hometown, and your family had to do the same.
That is the only option for long-term residents ―even
the children― of Villa Las Estrellas, one of the few
settlements in Antarctica where some people live for
years rather than weeks or months. Appendix removal
is a necessary precaution for the handful of people who
stay longer-term because the nearest major hospital is
more than 1,000km (625 miles) away, past the tip of
King George Island, one of the Antarctic islands in
which Villa Las Estrellas is located. There are only a
few doctors on base, and none are specialist surgeons.
Fisher, Richard (2018). «The icy village where you must
remove your appendix» in BBC. Retrieved
from<http://www.bbc.com/future/gallery/20180810-villas-las-
estrellas-antarctica-base-residents-surgery> (edited text)
11. What is the central topic of the reading?
A) The precautions that villagers of Villa Las Estrellas
have to take
B) Appendix removal as a requirement to live in an
Antarctic village
C) Extreme living conditions of people who do not have
any doctor
D) An isolated village who is far away from its nearest
major hospital
E) The relevance of removing your appendix in King
George Island
12. What is the contextual antonym of HANDFUL?
A) lot B) some C) group D) piece E) few
13. About the settlement Villa Las Estrellas, it is true
that
A) its temperature in a regular day is near absolute zero.
B) their villagers usually have some appendix
problems.
C) it is the only village in the whole King George island.
D) its living conditions are not the appropriate for
people.
E) it is a place in which a few amount of doctors live
there.
14. It can be inferred from the residents of Villa Las
Estrellas that
A) only the older people of this settlement had an
appendix surgery.
B) those who stay short time can keep their appendix if
they want.
C) a few of them like to visit other villages more than
625 miles away.
D) the majority of them is composed of scientist some
researchers.
3
E) they can live in that place for years rather than weeks
or months.
15. If the longest distance from one end of the King
George Island to the other were only 50 km, then
A) the mainly reason would be the global warming and
its big consequences.
B) it would not be necessary for residents to travel long
distances to work.
C) a major hospital built in the island would make
appendix removal optional.
D) it would only be space for one or two settlements like
Villa Las Estrellas.
E) building a hospital past the tip of this island would
be ideal for residents.
PASSAGE 4
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the world’s largest
collection of floating trash—and the most famous. It
lies between Hawaii and California and is often
described as “larger than Texas,” even though it does
not contain any surface to stand. It cannot be seen from
space, as is often claimed. The patch was discovered in
1997 by Charles Moore, a yachtsman who had sailed
through a mix of floating plastic bottles and other debris
on his way home to Los Angeles. It was named by Curtis
Ebbesmeyer, a Seattle oceanographer known for his
expertise in tracking ocean currents and the movement
of cargo lost overboard. The patch is now the target of a
$32 million cleanup campaign launched by a Dutch
teenager, Boyan Slat, now 23, and head of the Ocean
Cleanup, the organization he founded to do the job.
Parker, Laura (2018). «The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Isn’t
What You Think it Is» in National Geographic. Retrieved from
<https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/03/great-pacific-
garbage-patch-plastics-environment/> (edited text)
16. What is the main idea of the reading?
A) The oceanographer Curtis Ebbesmeyer explains us
how he found a trash island.
B) The Great Pacific Garbage Patch was found by the
yachtsman Charles Moore.
C) There is a patch composed of plastic bottles and
debris that worries many people.
D) There are some organizations interested in cleaning
the ocean like Boyan Slat.
E) The largest collection of floating trash is called the
Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
17. In the 2nd line, the word LIES implies
A) rest
B) place
C) fiction
D) dishonesty
E) leisure
18. According to the information about Great Pacific
Garbage Patch, it is inconsistent to argue that
A) it is larger than Texas, but its extension is not big
enough to be seen in space.
B) it was discovered by a yachtsman who was going
back home to Los Angeles.
C) it is an island exclusively composed of plastic bottles
and some plastic debris.
D) it would probably cost a great amount of money to
try to clean the whole patch.
E) its name was given by Curtis Ebbesmeyer, an expert
oceanographer from Seattle.
19. We can infer from the Ocean Cleanup organization
that
A) it is taking the Great Pacific Garbage Patch as the
target of a cleanup campaign.
B) it is supported by ecologists and individuals who
want an ocean free of plastic.
C) it launched an expensive campaign related to the
Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
D) it was founded by Boyan Slat, a Dutch teenager now
head of the organization.
E) it is very interested in deal with the huge amount of
garbage that the patch has.
20. If no organization were interested in trying to deal
with all the plastic and debris that the Great Pacific
Garbage Patch has, then
A) the scientists would need to replace plastic and
create a new material.
B) the life on earth would probably be impossible in a
couple of decades.
C) the size of this patch would probably continue
growing without stopping.
D) the people of Hawaii and California would become
aware of the patch.
E) the patch would start to be seen in space because its
huge extension.
PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
Avatar is a 2009 science fiction film directed by James
Cameron. The movie takes place on a distant moon
called Pandora, which orbits a large, gas planet.
Humans move to the moon to extract a natural resource
they call «unobtanium». As humans begin to mine the
planet, a native species fights against them. The
humans attempt to learn more about the species by
building a clone that can connect to the mind of an
operator.
The concept is similar to driving a car by remote
control. Jake Sully, the person selected to run the
avatar, however, becomes sympathetic to the alien
4
beings living there and turns against the humans. The
film earned praise from critics and audiences. During
its theatrical release, it earned more money at the box
office than any other film before it.
Retrieved from
https://www.aprenderinglesrapidoyfacil.com/2015/03/02/movi
e-review-avatar/
01. Whats is the main idea of the reading?
A) Avatar is a successful science fiction movie whose
plot takes place on a moon called Pandora.
B) From the story of the films directed by James
Cameron, Avatar has been the highest grossing.
C) The fight for the survival of the aliens against
humans seeking «unobtanium» in Pandora.
D) The dilemma of Jake Sully between helping humans
in their plans or protecting alien beings.
E) The recognition of Director James Cameron comes
from the box office success of the movie Avatar.
02. The word CONNECT connotes
A) join. B) compel. C) force.
D) control. E) soften.
03. Determine the false sentence about Avatar.
A) Is a science fiction movie released in the year 2009.
B) Jake Sully is a main character in the plot of the film.
C) It was harshly criticized by the spectator audience.
D) Pandora is the moon that orbits a large gas planet.
E) In the movie, aliens and humans can get along.
04. About the «unobtanium» it is possible to infer that
A) its equivalent on earth is gold.
B) is a source of energy in Pandora.
C) the aliens commercialized it.
D) the humans took him to Pandora.
E) it is valuable for human beings.
05. If humans had not been interested in Pandora's
resources, then
A) they would have made alliances with the Pandora
aliens.
B) definitely, they would still have fought against the
aliens.
C) they would continue looking for «unobtanium» on
other planets.
D) possibly, they would not have sent Jake Sully to
Pandora.
E) the «unobtanium» of Pandora would never have been
exhausted.
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM
WEEK 07
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA
Passage 1
A moon is held together to a planet by its own gravity,
and pulled apart by the tidal action of a planet. If a
moon comes too close to a planet it will be ripped
apart by the planet's gravity and become a ring.
The closest a moon can come to a planet is known as
the Roche limit, and it is dependent on the mass and
density of the planet and moon.
A large planet, such as Saturn, has a large Roche
limit, and has collected many moons over its history,
some of which have been ripped apart to make rings.
The Roche limit for the Earth-moon system is at a
radius of about 10000 km, which is very close to the
surface of the earth (about 6400km). And unlike the
gas giants, terrestrial planets don't have many moons.
So with few moons, and small Roche limits, the
opportunities for ring formation are rare.
James, K. (2015). «Why Earth does not have rings?».
Astronomy. Retrieved from
<https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/11733/why-
earth-does-not-have-rings/11735> (edited text).
01. What is the main statement of the passage?
A) The Roche limit is the closest distance a moon can
come to a planet.
B) Saturn is the only planet who have rings due to its
big Roche limit.
C) The Roche limit of the Earth it is not huge enough
to create rings.
D) The Earth will have rings in the future because of
the Roche limit.
E) The Roche limit permits planets of the solar
system to have rings.
02. The word CLOSEST implies
A) prediction. B) nearness. C) limit.
D) distance. E) boundary.
03. We can infer from the passage that many Saturn’s
moons
A) have been ripped apart to make rings due to the
Saturn’s Roche limit.
B) are small enough to be converted in Saturn’s rings
over its history.
C) are gone because Saturn has the biggest Roche
limit in the solar system.
1
D) have trespassed the Roche limit that a huge planet
like Saturn have.
E) are the principal reason Saturn has a particularly
big Roche limit.
04. According to the information about the Roche
limit, it is true to say that
A) it pulls away the moons of a planet.
B) it is due to the planet’s tidal action.
C) on Earth, it is close to the surface.
D) it is responsible of the Earth’s size.
E) on Saturn, it is not enormous enough.
05. If the Earth had a great amount of moons and a
huge Roche limit, then
A) Saturn would be the only planet that has big rings.
B) the solar system would increase its number of
rings.
C) the Earth would probably have many rings like
Saturn.
D) still the Blue Planet would not be able to have any
ring.
E) undoubtedly, our planet would be bigger than
Saturn.
Passage 2
Modern birds descended from a group of two-legged
dinosaurs known as theropods, whose members
include the towering Tyrannosaurus rex and the
smaller velociraptors.
For decades, paleontologists’ only fossil link between
birds and dinosaurs was archaeopteryx, a hybrid
creature with feathered wings but with the teeth and
long bony tail of a dinosaur. These animals appeared
to have acquired their birdlike features — feathers,
wings and flight — in just 10 million years, a mere
flash in evolutionary time.
“Archaeopteryx seemed to emerge fully fledged with
the characteristics of modern birds,” said Michael
Benton, a paleontologist at the University of Bristol
in England.
But it has become increasingly clear that the story of
how dinosaurs begat birds is much more subtle.
Discoveries have shown that bird-specific features
like feathers began to emerge long before the
evolution of birds, indicating that birds simply
adapted a number of pre-existing features to a new
use.
Not only are birds much smaller than their dinosaur
ancestors, they closely resemble dinosaur embryos.
Adaptations such as these may have paved the way
for modern birds’ distinguishing features, namely
their ability to fly and their remarkably agile beaks.
The work demonstrates how huge evolutionary
changes can result from a series of small evolutionary
steps.
Singer, Emily (2015). «How Dinosaurs Shrank and Became
Brids» in Scientific American. Retrieved from
<https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-dinosaurs-
shrank-and-became-birds/> (edited text).
01. What is central topic of the passage?
A) The evolution of the birdlike dinosaur
Archaeopteryx
B) Theropods as the first ancestors of modern birds
C) The role of feathers in contemporary birds
evolving
D) The differences between archaeopteryx and birds
E) The progressive evolution from dinosaurs to birds
02. The expression A MERE FLASH refers to
A) a millisecond in time.
B) a very brilliant light.
C) an eternity for birds.
D) a pretty short period.
E) an instant eyeblink.
03. We can infer from the passage that the
archaeopteryx
A) is a kind of dinosaur that we can hardly find
nowadays.
B) was the only link between dinosaurs and birds for
decades.
C) is much smaller than the contemporary birds in
the present.
D) was not the first animal who had feathers and two
legs.
E) belongs to the group of dinosaurs known as the
theropods.
04. It is not compatible with the passage to affirm
about the evolution of birds that
A) it included many adaptations like brain’s size.
B) it was studied for paleontologists for many years.
C) it happened in a surprising and instantaneously
way.
D) it was changing according to new evidence found.
E) it is related with older creatures with similar
features.
2
05. If the only evidence of the bird evolution until
now were the archaeopteryx, then probably
A) we would not successfully explain how birds
evolved from dinosaurs on earth.
B) that would be a proof that modern birds are related
to velociraptors and T. rex.
C) it would not be enough evidence to think about
small steps in bird evolution.
D) the author would stop trying to discover how birds
evolved from dinosaurs.
E) it would be impossible to discover fossils that show
bird-specific features.
Passage 3
“The origin of civil government”, wrote David Hume
in 1739, is that “men are not able radically to cure,
either in themselves or others, that narrowness of
soul, which makes them prefer the present to the
remote”. The Scottish philosopher was convinced
that the institutions of government —such as
political representatives and parliamentary
debates—would serve to temper our impulsive and
selfish desires, and foster society’s long-term
interests and welfare.
Today Hume’s view appears little more than wishful
thinking, since it is so startlingly clear that our
political systems have become a cause of rampant
short-termism rather than a cure for it. Many
politicians can barely see beyond the next election,
and dance to the tune of the latest opinion poll or
tweet. Governments typically prefer quick fixes, such
as
putting more criminals behind bars rather than
dealing with the deeper social and economic causes
of crime. Nations bicker around international
conference tables, focused on their near-term
interests, while the planet burns and species
disappear.
As the 24/7 news media pumps out the latest twist in
the Brexit negotiations or obsesses over a throwaway
comment from the US president, the myopia of
modern democratic politics is all too obvious.
KRZNARIC, R. (2019). «Why we need to reinvent democracy
for the long-term». In BBC Future. Retrieved from
<http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20190318-can-we-
reinvent-democracy-for-the-long-term>.
01. Mainly, the author focuses on
A) the vision of Hume on civil governments.
B) the quick fixes of the civil governments.
C) the myopia of modern democratic politics.
D) the interests of democratic governments.
E) the low efficiency of governments today.
02. The contextual synonym of the verb TO TEMPER Dementia is one of the major causes of disability and
is dependency among older people worldwide. It can be
A) to gain. overwhelming, not only for the people who have it,
B) to burn. but also for their careers and families. There is often
C) to ruin. a lack of awareness and understanding of dementia,
D) to establish. resulting in stigmatization and barriers to diagnosis
E) to moderate. and care. The impact of dementia on careers, family
and society at large can be physical, psychological,
03. It is inferred that David Hume _____________ social and economic.
the idea of civil government. WHO (14 May 2019). Dementia. Recovered from
A) rejects https://bit.ly/2G7OVeJ
B) implies
C) summarizes 01. What is the main idea of the passage?
D) advocates A) Body weakness caused by dementia.
E) contradicts B) An illness that deteriorates social skills.
C) Dementia undermine cognitive function.
04. It is not compatible to affirm that the governments D) Preemptive judgment to avoid dementia.
at present E) Social negative impact of dementia.
A) ignore climate change.
B) prefer to act in the short term. 02. The word IMPAIRMENT connotes
C) spread false opinion poll. A) excess.
D) are open to critical dialogue. B) disability.
E) always prefer quick fixes. C) barrier.
D) parsimony.
05. If the international conference tables address E) symmetry.
long-term interests,
A) problems such as global warming would probably 03. It is compatible with the symptoms of Dementia
be addressed. A) people affected by this disease suffers
B) Hume's vision will continue to look more like an deterioration.
illusion than reality. B) affects people who always has a bizarre behavior
C) politicians would stop worrying about the results C) dementia’s symptoms cannot vary as time goes by.
of opinion polls. D) dementia’s patients do not measure their
D) the incarceration of criminals will no longer be a expenses.
priority anymore. E) cognition is affected less than in health elder
E) all 24/7 news media will be allies of the political people.
representatives.
04. From the last paragraph, it is inferred about mad
Passage 4 people
Dementia is a syndrome –usually of a chronic or A) they suffer due to another mental illness.
progressive nature– in which there is deterioration in B) its social behaviour changes constantly.
cognitive function (i.e. the ability to process thought) C) they inherited dementia from its relatives.
beyond what might be expected from normal ageing. D) they could be often isolated from society.
It affects memory, thinking, orientation, E) they can learn a language successfully.
comprehension, calculation, learning capacity,
language, and judgement. Consciousness is not 05. If society understand more about dementia,
affected. The impairment in cognitive function is A) charity with sickness people rise worldwide.
commonly accompanied, and occasionally preceded, B) insane people would have a better lifestyle.
by deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, C) mad people would not depend from others.
or motivation. D) physicians would develop new antibiotics.
Dementia results from a variety of diseases and E) loss of social skills would be avoided.
injuries that primarily or secondarily affect the brain,
such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke.

3
 PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
Isaac Asimov published the science-fiction short
story Liar! in the May issue of Astounding Science
Fiction, an American science-fiction magazine
published since 1930.
In the short story, Asimov introduced the Three Laws
of Robotics:
1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through
inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
2. A robot must obey the orders given to it by human
beings, except where such orders would conflict with
the First Law.
3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as
such protection does not conflict with the First or
Second Laws.
This is thought to be the first known use of the term
“robotics”.
[Computer History Museum. (n. d.) Timeline of Computer
History. Retrieved and edited
from https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/ai-robotics/]
01. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Science fiction can predict the development of
robotic science.
B) Asimov was the first science fiction writer to use
"robotics".
C) Robots are the characters in Asimov's science
fiction stories.
D) Asimov formulates three laws to protect humans
from robots.
E) Robots, according to Isaac Asimov, should not
face anything.
02. The verb TO INJURE connotes
A) harm.
B) opposition.
C) insult.
D) affront.
E) sanction.
4
03. It is inferred from the First Law of Robotic that
A) humans are allowed to injure any robot when they
do not obey.
B) a robot must actively guarantee the integrity of a
human being.
C) a robot does not have to attack another robot in
self-defense.
D) scientists have to dismantle all robots that violates
this first law.
E) all robots have to work in hospitals to care for
injured humans.
04. It is consistent with the Third Law of Robotics
that
A) real robots are already programmed to avoid
dangers.
B) humans are forbidden to harm the existence of
robots.
C) all robots have to protect the existence of their
peers.
D) robots must obey the three laws without
exceptions.
E) a robot must have a sort of self-preservation
instinct.
05. If all the robots were programmed with the Three
Laws of Robotics, then
A) robots would not be useful for the army.
B) all robots would be harmless to humans.
C) all robots would be science fiction actors.
D) the robots would not attack each other.
E) the robots could not support the Police.
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM
WEEK 08
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA
PASSAGE 1
Even though astronauts do their jobs miles away from
Earth's surface, they still rely on basic necessities we
may take for granted. Take clean water, for example.
How does NASA ensure that the water astronauts drink
is safe?
This question spurred the agency to create special
water filters in the 1970s to make certain astronauts
had clean water in space. Working with Umpqua
Research Company in Oregon, NASA crafted filter
cartridges that use iodine to clean water supplies from
the shuttles.
The technology, called the Microbial Check Valve, has
gained momentum in cleaning water for municipal
water plants. It has paved the way for devising other
ways to filter the resource for human consumption. Such
filters become especially important in areas where
chemicals have contaminated groundwater supplies.
In recent years, NASA has upped the ante with its water
studies by creating units that can more efficiently
recycle human waste such as urine into safe drinkable
water for astronauts. Though the prospect of venturing
to Mars seems light-years away, the potential of
providing the space crew with the water it needs may
not be.
Kiger, Patrick & Spoon, Marianne (2019). «Top 10 NASA
Inventions» in howstuffworks. Retrieved from
https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/inventions/top-
5-nasa-inventions10.htm
01. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Scientists discovered that traveling to Mars is
possible if the crew has water.
B) The Microbial Check Valve is the most important
filter that allows to drink water.
C) It is very difficult to obtain water from a natural
source in the deep big space.
D) NASA has been creating different filters to supply
astronauts with safe water.
E) Recently, there is a project that wants to transform
urine into fresh water.
02. According to the passage, the verb TO ENSURE
most nearly means
A) to make. B) to see.
C) to anticipate. D) to forecast.
E) to guarantee.
1
03. We can plausibly infer from the information about
the Microbial Check Valve that it
A) is one of the multiple filters created by scientists.
B) pushed NASA to invest a great amount of money.
C) has paved the way for developing other filters.
D) is the newest type of filter ever created by NASA.
E) has to be used in every kind of travel to space.
04. It is not compatible with the author’s point of view
that
A) NASA is indifferent to the astronauts needs.
B) traveling to mars is far from complicated.
C) some kind of filters became very important.
D) NASA developed studies about recycling.
E) astronauts need clean water in space.
05. If there were impossible for technology to purify any
kind of water in space,
A) it would be due to the lack of interest from the
NASA’s scientists.
B) there would still be easy for astronauts to survive on
space shuttles.
C) that would result in a serious crisis between the
special agencies.
D) it would be impossible to send any kind of spacecraft
to the space.
E) that would make even more difficult to travel to a far
planet like Mars.
PASSAGE 2
The scientist, He Jiankui, said he used Crispr, a gene-
editing technique, to alter a gene in human embryos —
and then implanted the embryos in the womb of a
woman, who gave birth to twin girls in November.
That is illegal in many countries, including the United
States. China has halted Dr. He’s research and is
investigating whether he broke any laws there. Among
the concerns are whether the couples involved in Dr.
He’s research were adequately informed about the
embryo editing and the potential risks involved.
Dr. He says he has submitted his research to a scientific
journal. But nothing has been published yet, and he
announced the births of the twins before his research
could be peer-reviewed by fellow scientists. He also
appears to have taken other secretive steps that defy
scientific standards.
Kolata, Gina & Belluck, Pam (2018). «Why Are Scientist So
Upset About the First Crispr Babies?» in The New York
Times. Retrieved from
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/05/health/crispr-gene-
editing-embryos.html (edited text).
01. Mainly, the passage is about E) probably, he would avoid having different kinds of
A) the birth of the world’s first twin girls using a gene- critic about his work.
editing technique.
B) Crispr, the most modern technique that modify PASSAGE 3
babies before its birth. The struggle in the abortion debate is, in many ways, a
C) the serious questionings that an experiment in struggle over language. For example, I am pro-life. I
babies has generated. strongly support rights and protections for mothers and
D) the publication of a Chinese research about altering children, including prenatal children, and other
genes in humans. vulnerable populations. I want to see the laws of this
E) the illegal techniques that an Asian scientist was country protect these people as well. In my view, this
practicing in babies. makes me pro-life. That’s why I use the phrase
“prenatal child” where other people would say “fetus.”
02. In the second line, the phrase A GLOBAL In the view of those people, and of mainstream news
FIRESTORM implies outlets, I am not pro-life; I am anti-abortion. This
A) an intricate research. B) an intense war. language allows critics to dismiss me and fellow pro-
C) a mix of opinions. D) a lot of criticism. lifers as single-issue obsessives, which we are not.
E) an incredible notice. In recent years abortion-rights supporters moved from
using neutral language like “autonomy” and “choice”
03. We can plausibly infer from the information about toward using positive, stigma-defying language. Groups
Dr. He’s research that like Planned Parenthood now speak about “abortion
A) its problems are caused due to the difference care”. Oprah profiled activists who urge people to
between U.S. and China laws. #ShoutYourAbortion. Billboards erected by abortion-
B) it has done some kind of procedures considered rights supporters proudly say that abortion is a “family
illegal in every country. value.”
C) its conclusions are totally incorrect because they Defying stigma is one thing. But the stakes of this
lack of rigorousness. debate are never higher than when we decide on
D) it has countless evidence of being done with many language to describe the object of abortion.
secretive steps.
E) it has probably violated more than one law in China 01. The fundamental perspective of the passage is
with his investigation. A) the problem of the words used when talking about
abortion.
04. According to the scientist He Jiankui, it is not B) the legalization of abortion in the United States of
compatible to argue that America.
A) his research involves genetically modifying human C) the lies that are used to defend the lifestyle in the
babies. USA.
B) he permitted another scientists to check his D) the power struggles would be better with a common
investigation. lingo.
C) his investigation could be considered illegal in many E) we can never reach a midpoint between life and
places. death.
D) he said that he used a gene-editing technique called
Crispr. 02. The objective of the use the term “family value” by
E) he seemed to be confident about the experiment that abortion-rights supporters have
he did. the intention
A) the recognition of an undeniable truth for the world.
05. If Dr. He’s research were published in a scientific B) correctly assess the importance of the family for
journal as he said, then society.
A) still, there would be many safety and ethical C) allow a turn of the negative view of the problems.
concerns about his research. D) reconnect reality with the expectations of the
B) that publication would be definitely rejected by the American population.
scientific community. E) give a positive profile to the perspective pro-abortion
C) the United States and China would quit from
reporting his research. 03. In the passage, TO DISMISS most nearly means
D) he would finally demonstrate that his experiments A) to assess. B) to show. C) to reject.
were within the law. D) to solve. E) to license.

2
04. It is not compatible to affirm about the passage
A) all the terminology on the subject in dispute is clear.
B) the fight over abortion is one of the linguistic type.
C) the theme of pro-life is broader than it seems.
D) the language used by pro-abortion is kinder than
before.
E) It is difficult to discuss precisely the problem of
abortion.
05. If the people on debate decide a common language
to describe the object of abortion, probably
A) all language problems would be solved for
Americans.
B) the forms of human communication find new ways of
expression.
C) there would be no need to discuss abortion and other
issues.
D) the discussions would not use euphemisms to justify
their reasons.
E) would find new ways to debate in the american
political arena.
PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
The "ultraprocessed" foods are industrial formulations
of salt, sugar, oils and fats, as well as flavors, colors and
other additives (hydrogenated oils, dyes) and are mostly
consumed in the form of snacks, desserts, and ready-to-
eat and heat meals.
A study published in the journal JAMA Internal
Medicine revealed an alarming statistic: Eating a lot of
unhealthy, "ultraprocessed" foods may shorten your life.
Specifically, researchers found that a 10% increase in
the consumption of ultraprocessed foods was
significantly associated with a 14% higher risk of death
from all causes.
In addition, eating a lot of ultraprocessed foods could
be a marker for other unhealthy habits, such as lack of
exercise or smoking, which may have also contributed
to the findings, though researchers say they took these
confounding factors into account.
According to one NOVA's* reports, "the formulation
and the ingredients of these products make them highly
convenient (ready-to-consume), highly attractive
(hyper-palatable), highly profitable (low cost
ingredients), and —of great importance— highly
competitive with foods that are naturally ready to
consume and freshly prepared dishes and meals".
Before you empty your entire pantry or fridge, remind
that these foods can be enjoyed in moderation.
*NOVA is the food classification that categorizes foods
according to the extent and purpose of food processing,
rather than in terms of nutrients.
3
Drayer, L. (2019, February 13). «Avoid these 'ultraprocessed'
foods and you might live longer». CNN. Recovered from
https://cnn.it/2GLo2fV
01. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) The “ultraprocessed” aliments are in high demand
because are cheapest.
B) There are many health consequences caused by
“ultraprocessed” food.
C) The consumption of “ultraprocessed” food had been
caused some deaths.
D) Overeating “ultraprocessed” food has several
negative effects for health.
E) The ingredients of “ultraprocessed” food makes it
much more attractive.
02. The word ALARMING implies
A) agitation. B) disturb. C) care.
D) anxiety. E) worry.
03. A contextual synonym for the word MARKER is
A) limit.
B) signal.
C) witness.
D) issue.
E) resource.
04. From the sentence “Eating a lot of unhealthy,
"ultraprocessed" foods may shorten your life” it is
inferred that
A) supermarkets are just selling "ultraprocessed" foods.
B) pre-cooked food has reduced the life expectancy.
C) eat occasionally "ultraprocessed" foods isn’t a
serious risk.
D) governments policies will be proposed to solve the
trouble.
E) death of most people is due to the pre-cooked food.
05. If a man consumed a lot of ultraprocessed food, then
A) his family should request a diagnosis.
B) he should consume many liters of water.
C) the man would be in financial troubles.
D) the people would be in a state of alarm
E) the person would be at serious danger.
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM
WEEK 09
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA
PASSAGE 1
Literature helps students develop a reading habit and
this habit has a positive impact on the academic
studies. Students can enrich their vocabulary by
reading literature. They can develop their writing
skill by reading literature also.
A literary text does not have one meaning only. It
often has a surface meaning and an underlying
connotative meaning. In order to understand a
literary text fully a reader has to Delve deeper into it.
So, a literary text can be interpreted in different ways.
All this develops the thinking capacity of the readers,
for this reason, they enjoy a greater ability to think
and reason about the world than other people.
It is universally admitted that reading literature is
delightful. It gives readers immense pleasure. Young
readers read different kinds of literary works
basically for pleasure. Literature can help readers to
get rid of bad emotions like anger, heartache and
loss. In that sense, literature helps readers develop
positive emotions like love and sympathy for others.
Almahmud, R. (2014). Benefits of Reading Literature.
Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?Benefits-of-Reading-
Literature&id=8427383
01. Which is the best synopsis of the passage?
A) Literature benefits the vocabulary, writing skills
and other intellectual skills that students need.
B) Literature benefits the academic habit of students,
for example it enriches their vocabulary.
C) Literature develops the intellect, stimulates
pleasure and promotes the sociability of readers.
D) Students, through reading literature, can improve
their personality, and social behavior.
E) Literature stimulates the pleasure of readers and
benefits the intelligence of students.
02. The word DELIGHTFUL connotes
A) harmony.
B) beauty.
C) desire.
D) doubt.
E) enjoyment.
1
03. From the positive development of emotions
thanks to the reading of literature, we can affirm that
A) the literal meaning has the power to generate
sympathy.
B) probably two people can fall in love if they admire
the same writer.
C) people can feel anger towards those who write
fiction books.
D) a writer of fiction books can come to love all his
enemies.
E) only students console their heartache by reading
fiction.
04. When a man has an excellent ability to write, it
is possible to infer that
A) the person could have a standard vocabulary.
B) all people who read literature will love him.
C) the person has developed a reading habit.
D) the works he has read should be recommended.
E) he should feel a lot of pleasure with his readers.
05. If the literary texts would have only a superficial
meaning, then
A) the literature would not provide any interesting
information about the world.
B) readers and non-readers would probably have the
same capacity to think.
C) the literary texts would inevitably disappear in the
bookstores and libraries.
D) all the writers of works of fiction would have to get
other more delightful jobs.
E) newspapers and magazines would be exactly the
same as literary fiction texts.
PASSAGE 2
Have you ever noticed that plants need sunlight to
live? How can sunlight be a type of food? Well,
sunlight is energy and photosynthesis is the process
plants use to take the energy from sunlight and use it
to convert carbon dioxide and water into food.
Plants need three basic things to live: water, sunlight,
and carbon dioxide. Plants also breathe carbon
dioxide, just like we breathe oxygen. When plants
breathe carbon dioxide in, they breathe out oxygen.
Plants capture sunlight using a compound called
chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is green, which is why so
many plants appear green.
Plants use sunlight as energy, they get water from
rain and from soils, and they get carbon dioxide from
atmosphere when they are breathing. The process of
taking these three key ingredients and making them
into food is called photosynthesis.
01. What is the main idea?
A) Plants produce their food using chlorophyll to
capture sunlight.
B) Plants produce their food during the process of
photosynthesis.
C) Water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide are important
for vegetables.
D) Vegetables use sunlight as energy when they
produce their food.
E) Photosynthesis is a very important process for all
living things.
02. The word KEY connotes
A) environment. B) mechanism.
C) instrument. D) importance.
E) elaboration.
03. It can be inferred from second paragraph that
human beings need trees, woods and forests because
A) plants produce oxygen when they make
photosynthesis.
B) these organisms are part of their healthy and daily
diet.
C) green plants help to eliminate pollution from the
Earth.
D) plants eliminate carbon dioxide with water and
sunlight.
E) these clean the atmosphere, the soils and the
waters.
04. In relation to chlorophyll, it is consistent with the
reading to affirm that
A) some plants have a different coloration to green.
B) plants can produce their food with sunlight only.
C) this substance could be unnecessary for plants.
D) all plants use this substance to liberate sunlight.
E) a small group of plants presents the green color.
05. If every form of water disappeared from Earth,
probably
A) we would stop breathing oxygen.
B) plants would have to adapt.
C) only human beings would survive.
D) plants would die massively.
E) science could solve the problem.
2
PASSAGE 3
Robots have already replaced human beings many
years ago. For example, car assembly factories use
robots for years. Robots replace humans in tasks that
are dangerous and repetitive. Also, robots can work
24/7 and make no errors.
Robots started doing simple works, but they will do
more complicated works, and they will continue
replacing humans gradually.
According to the World Economic Forum, the
number of robots taking jobs from people will double
from the current 29 percent. In this way, robots could
take 52 percent of the current work in less than a
decade, forcing humans to rethink how they will get
jobs. Experts warn machines could force 75 million
people out of jobs as early as 2022.
A report released by McKinsey & Company indicates
that by 2030, as 800 million workers around the
world will be replaced at work by robots.
01. What is the main idea?
A) Robots have replaced humans in the past.
B) Many robots will be working in the future.
C) The science of robotics is always progressing.
D) Robots are replacing humans work gradually.
E) Many robots will do more complicated works.
02. The phrase WORK 24/7 means
A) performing a task perfectly.
B) working in human factories.
C) to operate all the time.
D) to produce eight hours a day.
E) to compete against humans.
03. On the possible use of robots at works in 2030, it
is inferred that
A) the factories are going to disappear.
B) the products will have a high price.
C) many people will not have a job.
D) all humans will give up their jobs.
E) humans will become scientists.
04. It is inconsistent with reading to argue that robots
will replace humans only in the future, because
robots
A) have already replaced humans only a few years
ago.
B) have already replaced humans many years ago.
C) are currently limited in the production of objects.
D) perform simple jobs, and humans do complex
jobs.
E) lack the necessary instincts to work like humans.
05. If robots make errors like humans, then
A) robots would be less necessary in the factories.
B) scientists would no longer study robots anymore.
C) jobs would stop being dangerous and repetitive.
D) people would be happy while they were working.
E) people would work every day without problems.
PASSAGE 4
In 1838, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden
were enjoying after-dinner coffee and talking about
their studies on cells. When Schwann heard
Schleiden describe plant cells with nuclei, he was
fascinated by the similarity of these plant cells to
cells he had observed in animal tissues. The two
scientists went immediately to Schwann's lab to look
at his slides.
Schwann published his book on animal and plant
cells the next year. He summarized his observations
into three conclusions about cells:
1. The cell is the unit of structure, physiology, and
organization in all living things.
2. The cell retains a dual existence as a distinct entity
and a building block in the construction of
organisms.
3. Cells form by free-cell formation, similar to the
formation of crystals (spontaneous generation).
We know today that the first two tenets are correct,
but the third is clearly wrong. The correct
interpretation of cell formation by division was finally
promoted by others and formally enunciated in
Rudolph Virchow's powerful dictum, Omnis cellula e
cellula: "All cells only arise from pre-existing cells."
In this way, Virchow contributed to the formation of
modern cell theory.
Rhoads, D. (2007). History of Cell Biology. Retrieved from
https://bitesizebio.com/166/history-of-cell-biology/
01. What is the subject?
A) The cell theory of Schwann
B) The evolution of cell theory
C) Virchow's role in cell evolution
D) The cell theory of Virchow
E) The correct formation of the cell
02. The word TENET can be replaced by
A) imagination.
B) termination.
C) principle.
D) research.
E) reflection.
3
03. According to Schwann’s point of view, it is
consistent to affirm that
A) the third conclusion of the cell theory is totally
false.
B) all organisms have cells that have a dual
existence.
C) he helped Rudolph Virchow with the third
conclusion.
D) he conceived that one cell descends from another
cell.
E) all vegetables and animals are not made up of
cells.
04. It is inferred from the reading that Schwann
A) lacked a scientific laboratory.
B) described only vegetables.
C) was Schleiden's older brother.
D) analyzed mainly animals.
E) published his book in 1839.
05. If Schwann and Schleiden had never
communicated each other, possibly
A) Virchow would never have studied the plant cell
or the animal cell.
B) the animal and plant cell would never have been
discovered.
C) the synthesis of both investigations would not have
been done.
D) all cells would have been formed by spontaneous
generation.
E) Schwann would have had to talk to Virchow to
publish his book.
PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
What is blue light and how does it affect the skin? A
Miami-based dermatologist by the name of Loretta
Ciraldo has stated that blue light, which is also
known as High Energy Visible Light (HEVL) and
Artificial Visible Light (AVL), is the spectrum of light
that is very much close in wavelength to ultraviolet
light.
Just like the ultraviolet rays that are emitted from the
sun, blue light actually has a short wavelength as
well. However, when it comes to high amounts of blue
light coming from gadgets like phones, it can greatly
damage deep layers of the skin and can eventually
cause premature aging and skin cancer.
According to Ellen Marmur, an NYC board-certified
dermatologist, excessive long-term exposure to
sources of blue light can cause skin damage. This
includes the weakening of the skin's surface,
inflammation, and pigmentation.
Recent reports from the National Center for
Biotechnology Information have shown that when
skin cells are exposed to artificial blue light emitted
from electronic devices, it can cause damage to the
proteins and the lipids that give moisture and repair
the skin.
Roger Christine (28 April 2020). Blue light radiation emitted
from mobile phones can damage your skin.
Retrieved from
https://www.techtimes.com/articles/249196/20200428/blue-
light-radiation-emitted-from-
01. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Blue light radiation emitted from mobile phones
can damage skin.
B) Phones do not to be used for many hours because
of skin damage.
C) Frequent use of cell phones causes severe damage
in young people.
D) Latest dermatological studies show that phones
cause damage to the skin.
E) Radiation is harmless for human.
02. In the passage, the word WEAKENING implies
A) age.
B) decrease.
C) relapse.
D) collapse.
E) safe
4
03. It is compatible with Marmur’s declarations that
A) blue light from cell phones is deadly to people.
B) skin become inflamed as a result of phone use.
C) blue light from the cell phone damages the skin
quickly.
D) excessive exposure to blue light can cause skin
damage.
E) someone can die if overuse their cell phone
04. It is inferred of that one of the consequences of
blue light from phones is
A) pigmentation of the skin.
B) possible loss of sight.
C) electronics addiction.
D) dehydration of the skin.
E) body weakness
05. If a boy overused his cell phone, then,
A) he would have serious problems.
B) he would suffer from some addiction.
C) he would get long-term skin cancer.
D) he would definitely grow old quickly.
E) he would learn a lot because of the internet
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM

WEEK 10
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA • Too before adjectives and adverbs
• We use too immediately before adjectives
and adverbs:
COMPARING ATTRIBUTES
• This coffee is too sweet.
When comparing the attributes of two things, we use
a standard set of constructions.
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
How to order adjectives in English
WHEN ATTRIBUTES ARE EQUAL
In many languages, adjectives denoting attributes
Comparing equal attributes is simple. To compare the
usually occur in a specific order. Generally, the
attributes of two things that are equal, we use the
adjective order in
pattern:
as + adjective describing the attribute + as
English is:
1. Quantity or number
EXAMPLES
2. Quality or opinion
• Tom is as tall as his brother.
3. Size
• I am as hungry as you are. 4. Age
• Sally is as nice as Jane. 5. Shape
6. Color
WHEN ATTRIBUTES ARE NOT EQUAL 7. Proper adjective (often nationality, other place of
When the two attributes are not equal, there are three origin, or material)
constructions with equivalent meanings. 8. Purpose or qualifier
Either use the pattern:
not as + adjective describing the attribute + as MORE EXAMPLES:
1. I love that beautiful old big green antique car that
Or use the pattern: always parked at the end of the street. [quality – age
less + adjective describing the attribute + than : – size – color – proper adjective]
This construction is more frequent with some 2. My sister has a big beautiful tan and white bulldog.
adjectives than with others. [size – quality – color color]
Or use the pattern: 3. A wonderful old Italian clock. [opinion – age –
comparative adjective + than : This construction origin]
may require changing the order of the phrase or using 4. A big square blue box. [dimension – shape – color]
the opposing adjective. 5. A disgusting pink plastic ornament. [opinion –
color – material]
EXAMPLES 6. Some slim new French trousers. [dimension – age
• Mont Blanc is not as high as Mount Everest. – origin]
• Mont Blanc is less high than Mount Everest. 7. An amazing new American movie. [opinion – age
• Mont Blanc is lower than Mount Everest. – origin]
• Mount Everest is higher than Mont Blanc. 8. I bought a pair of black leather shoes. [color –
• Norway is not as sunny as Thailand. material
• Norway is less sunny than Thailand.
• Thailand is sunnier than Norway. 01. The black bike is _______ the green bike.
• Norway is cloudier than Thailand. A) as newer as
B) not as new as
TOO C) new as
• Too is an adverb. D) as new
• Too meaning ‘more than enough’ E) not as new
• We use too meaning ‘more than enough’ in
different positions.

1
02. My bedroom is __________ the living room. 02. What is unclear about pepperoni?
A) clean A) How it is made
B) as clean B) Its actual history
C) cleaner as C) Why people like it
D) not cleaner as D) Whether it was invented in the United States
E) not as clean as
03. Why did the author include the last sentence?
03. My mobile ___________ my computer. A) To explain something about pepperoni’s history
A) not as expensive as B) To show how popular pepperoni is
B) as more expensive as C) To show how popular other toppings are
C) isn’t as expensive as D) To explain how pepperoni is made
D) isn’t expensive as
E) is not expensive as 04. What is not true about pepperoni?
A) The name pepperoni means “big peppers”
04. My story ________ Tom’s. B) It is actually a type of sausage
A) isn’t as funny as C) It was invented in Italy
B) is funny as D) It is made from pork and beef
C) is not as funny
D) funnier 05. According to the passage, what is the closest
E) funny meaning to toppings?
A) middles B) under
05. The student can’t buy the book. It’s ________ C) sides D) coverings
A) expensiver
B) as expensive as PASSAGE 1
C) not expensive The characteristics of Peruvian racism (and this must
D) too expensive be applicable to the situation in other Latin American
E) more expensive tan countries) make it an unapproachable phenomenon
based on the analytical categories developed in other
PASSAGE social contexts. For example, white racism against
Pepperoni is one of the most popular pizza toppings. blacks, in Anglo-Saxon countries, means the
It is actually a type of cured sausage made from pork possibility of "objectifying" the one who is
mixed with beef. “Cured” means it is salted to protect discriminated against. While miscegenation was
against bacteria harmful to people. rather exceptional, the discriminating "white" feels
Pepperoni is mixed with pepper, paprika or other the "black" discriminating as something alien and
spices and takes on a reddish color. It is typically external to himself. In Peru, such "objectification" of
sliced in small, thin circles. The word “pepperoni” the discriminated is impossible, since the
means “big peppers” in Italian, though pepperoni discriminating subject can not be separated from the
has little to do with peppers or Italy. Its history is "object" that discriminates. For the majority of the
unclear, however, it was almost certainly invented in Peruvian population to use the terms “Cholo” or
America, likely in one of the original pizzerias in New "Indian" to insult another person, also having Indian
York City. What is clear however, is that pepperoni blood in their veins, means denying a part of their
is America’s favorite pizza topping. Approximately own identity: discriminating, hating and despising
36% of pizzas produced in the United States are constituent elements of their own selves. The radical
topped with pepperoni. alignment. The impossibility of recognizing one's
face in the mirror.
01. Why is pepperoni cured?
A) To protect against harmful bacteria 01. The central theme of the text revolves around the
B) To make it red A) peculiarity of Peruvian racism.
C) To make it salty B) segregation against the Indians.
D) To make it circular C) relegation against blacks.
D) subjectivity of Peruvian miscegenation.
E) animosity of white racism.

2
02. In text, radical alienation implies
A) ecumenical transformation.
B) discrimination against blacks.
C) rancor and ojeriza banks.
D) consolidation of nationality.
E) lack of one's identity.
03. In text, the term DEVELOPED refers to
A) a fruit.
B) a dilemma.
C) a coercion.
D) an analysis.
E) a compendium.
04. From the text it is inferred that Peruvian racism
A) is deeply convoluted and difficult to explain.
B) must be analyzed as in Anglo-Saxon societies.
C) allows overcome all kinds of discrimination.
D) is a phenomenon that causes great disturbance.
The oxygen of the Earth is always chemically
combined with many substances to produce liquid
and solid compounds. For example, water (H2O) is a
dominant compound on Earth.
Another example, Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) makes up a
large portion of the Earth's mass.
The atmosphere of the Earth consists of 79%
Nitrogen (N2), 20% Oxygen (O2), and 1% of other
gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
Retrieved from https://www.school-for-
champions.com/astronomy/earth.htm#.XA1QFlVKjIU
01. What is the topic?
A) Characteristics of the atmosphere
B) The percentage of oxygen on Earth
C) The physical composition of the Earth
D) General characteristics of the Earth
E) The three main portions of the Earth

05. If most of peruviens were proud of their pre- 02. The verb APPEARS connotes
Columbian legacy, then they A) an astrological idea.
A) would travel through Andes every year. B) an old true notion.
B) wouldn’t use “Cholo” like an insult. C) many past centuries.
C) should be able to talk quechua. D) a confirmed idea.
D) should put their capital in Cusco city. E) a false perception.
E) would restrict Machu-Picchu’s access.
03. From the table and the last paragraph, it is
inferred that
PASSAGE 2 A) water is a dominant compound.
The Earth is spherical in shape. To people on Earth, B) the Earth has mysteries to solve.
the planet appears to be generally flat, but in reality C) chemical scientists love the Earth.
the surface of the Earth has a curve. D) the Earth's crust is also gaseous.
The diameter of the Earth at the equator is 12,756 E) oxygen is present in three states.
km, and its circumference or distance around the
Earth at the equator is 40,075 km. 04. About the liquid and solid portion of the Earth, it
The composition of the Earth consists of the solid and is inconsistent with the reading to indicate that
liquid portion and the atmosphere or gaseous portion. A) oxygen can be found alone.
The percentage composition of the Earth's solid and B) magnesium is found in 12.7%.
liquid materials is: C) there is more iron than nickel.
D) there is almost 2% sulfur.
ELEMENT PERCENTAGE E) iron is present in almost 35%.
Iron 34.6%
Oxygen 29.5% 05. If the Earth were flat, then
Silicon 15.2% A) this planet would not exist physically.
Magnesium 12.7% B) it would have no chemical elements.
Nickel 2.4% C) it would not have a curved surface.
Sulfur 1.9% D) this planet would not have oceans.
E) everyone would be having a dream.
Titanium 0.05%

3
PASSAGE 3
About 100,000 people die each year in US hospitals
from infections that they get while they are in the
hospital. The hospital deaths are due to poor hygiene.
Floors, walls, and doors are not cleaned regularly.
The carts that carry food plates, and the plates
themselves, are usually contaminated from handling
and coughing. Cooks and other employees can easily
infect the food by not washing properly after using the
bathroom.
Doctors and nurses are just as guilty as other staff.
Doctors rarely clean their stethoscopes after each
patient. Doctors often put on gloves without washing
their hands first. As a result, the germs on their hands
are transferred to the outside of the gloves. Consumer
groups warn patients that they must demand
cleanliness. If they see or suspect unsanitary
conditions, they must tell someone immediately. It
could be a matter of life or death.
Chang, R. (2019). «Hospitals Can Make You Sick».
English as a Second Language. Retrieved from
https://www.rong-chang.com/eslread/eslread/ss/s042.htm
01. What is the main idea of the reading?
A) People die infected because they get germs on
their hands in US hospitals.
B) Many people die every year in US hospitals due to
the lack of cleanliness.
C) Doctors need to learn how to clean their
stethoscopes after each patient.
D) Patients must demand cleanliness in US hospitals
because it kills people.
E) Doctors and patients are responsible for deaths
every year in US hospitals.
02. The word TRANSFERRED implies
A) contamination.
B) communication.
C) environment.
D) deterioration.
E) circumstances.
03. About US hospitals, it is consistent to argue that
A) doctors are not properly prepared to work there.
B) all doctors and nurses don't care about hygiene.
C) consumer groups must stop going to hospitals.
D) some doctors act irresponsibly in US hospitals.
E) nurses have to demand unsanitary conditions.
4
04. About consumer groups, we can infer that
A) their hands are always clean.
B) they could save patients' live.
C) patients help them in hospitals.
D) they are dying in US hospitals.
E) nurses consider them as enemies.
05. If US hospitals were totally clean, then
A) doctors and nurses wouldn't have to wear gloves.
B) no nurse would have to wash the stethoscopes.
C) doctors and nurses would wash the plates of food.
D) consumer groups did not worry about hygiene.
E) consumers would find better sanitary conditions.
PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
American professional baseball player Ken Griffey
Jr. was born on November 21, 1969, in Donora,
Pennsylvania, but grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio. He
was the number one overall selection in the 1987
Major League Baseball draft by the Seattle Mariners.
He was one of the most heralded prospects in Major
League Baseball history and was nicknamed simply
“the kid.” Griffey Jr.’s father, Ken Griffey Sr., was
playing for the Cincinnati Reds at the time; the two
were the first father and son duo to be playing in
baseball’s major leagues at the same time. In 1989,
Griffey Sr. began playing for the Mariners along with
Griffey Jr., and the two played together until Griffey
Sr.’s retirement in 1991. On April 3, 1989, Griffey
doubled in his first major league at-bat against
Oakland’s Dave Stewart. Throughout 1989 and
beyond, Griffey electrified the league with his bat
and his fielding. In 1990, Griffey Jr. won his first
Gold Glove Award for center field – an award given
to the best defensive player for each position. He
would go on to win the award for eleven consecutive
seasons. Throughout the 1990s, Griffey was widely
considered the best, or one of the best, players in
baseball.
His explosive power, dazzling speed, and incredible
outfield play electrified fans, and made him one of
the sport’s most popular and recognizable players. In
1997, Griffey hit 56 home runs and won the
American League’s Most Valuable Player Award. He
also hit 56 home runs in 1998. Griffey was traded to
the Cincinnati Reds in 2000, in what was seen as an
epic homecoming. Unfortunately, however, Griffey
struggled with injuries during that time. In 2004, he
became the 20th major league player to hit 500 home
runs. Then, in 2008, Griffey became one of only six
total players to hit 600 career home runs.
In 2008, Griffey was traded to the Chicago White
Sox. As his career began to slowly decline, he retired
from baseball in June 2010. At that time, he had a
career batting average of .284 and had hit a total of
630 home runs. He was inducted into the Baseball
Hall of Fame in 2016.
01. Which event happened first?
A) Griffey Sr. retired.
B) Griffey Jr. signed with the Mariners.
C) Griffey Sr. and Griffey Jr. were playing on the
same team.
D) Griffey Jr. played for Cincinnati.
02. Which was an award that Griffey Jr. won during
his career?
A) Gold Glove
B) Most Valuable Player
C) Silver Ball
D) Two of the above
03. What happened first?
A) Griffey’s father retired from Major League
Baseball
B) Griffey won American League MVP
C) Griffey one his first Gold Glove
D) Griffey hit 56 home runs in a season
5
04. Which statement supports the assertion that it is
hard to hit over 600 home runs in a baseball career?
A) Only six players have ever done it.
B) Griffey Sr.’s father accomplished it.
C) No fielder is able to accomplish it.
D) Griffey Jr. stopped just shy of it.
05. Why was Griffey’s 2000 season considered an
epic homecoming?
A) Because the Reds got one of the best players in
baseball
B) Because Griffey had hit 56 home runs in 1997 and
1998
C) Because Griffey’s father had recently retired from
baseball
D) Because Griffey was playing in the city he had
grown up in
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM

WEEK 11
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA

1 2 3 4 5 6
DETERMINERS OPINION SIZE SHAPE CONDITION AGE
• FIRST • FUNNY • BIG • ROUND • CLEANED • OLD
• THOUSAND • STUPID • SMALL • SQUARE • BROKEN • YOUNG
• MY • INTELLIGENT • HUGE • THIN • PRISTENE • NEW

7 8 9 10 11
COLOR PATTERN ORIGEN MATERIAL PURPOSE
• REDDISH • FLOWERY • AMERICAN • WOODEN • COOKING
• GREE • CRISS • EXTRATERRESTIAL • METAL • SLEEPING
• DARK • CROSS • SOUTHERN • COTTON • CUTTING

IDENTIFYING ADJECTIVES

SUFFIX EXAMPLES

-ABLE, -IBLE COMFORTABLE, READABLE, INCREDIBLE, INVISIBLE

-AL, -IAL COMICAL, NORMAL, MUSICAL, INDUSTRIAL, PRESIDENTIAL

-FUL BEAUTIFUL, HARMFUL, PEACEFUL, WONDERFUL

-IC CLASSIC, ECONOMIC, HEROIC, ROMANTIC

-ICAL AERONAUTICAL, ALPHABETICAL, POLITICAL

-ISH BRITISH, CHILDISH, IRISH, FOOLISH

-IVE, -ATIVE ACTIVE, ALTERNATIVE, CREATIVE, TALKATIVE

-LESS ENDLESS, MOTIONLESS, PRICELESS, TIMELESS

-EOUS, -IOUS, -OUS SPONTANEOUS, HIDEOUS, AMBITIOUS, ANXIOUS

-y ANGRY, BUSY, WEALTHY, WINDY

1
 VERB EXAMPLE VERB EXAMPLE

BORE Why do teenagers always look bored?

ANNOY My brother is five and he’s so annoying

PACK James Bond movies are always action-packed.

AMAZE The Grand Canyon is an amazing place.
SMOKE Not everyone likes smoked salmon.

BOIL Be careful! That’s boiling water!

MAKE My dress is hand-made. I really like it.

EXCITE This film is not very exciting, is it?

EXCITE I feel excited about my new job.

WHEN ATTRIBUTES ARE EQUAL

Comparing equal attributes is simple. To compare the attributes of two things that are equal, we use the pattern:
as + adjective describing the attribute + as
Para comparar los atributos de dos cosas que son iguales, usamos el patrón: como + adjetivo que describe el
atributo + como

EXAMPLES
• Tom is as tall as his brother.
• I am as hungry as you are.
• Sally is as nice as Jane.

2
 FALSE MEANING FALSE MEANING
COGNATE COGNATE
actually nowadays
advertisement warning
to assist to attend
bomber firefighter
bizarre brave
carpet folder
to choke to collide
code elbow
contest to answer
deception disappointment
embarrassed pregnant
empress enterprise
estimate esteemed
idiom language
library book store
nude knot
to pretend to intend
to realize to carry out
rope clothes
sane healthy
sensible sensitive
to support to put up with
success event
crudeness grocery

PASSAGE 1
The year is 1950. Dr. Potter, a tenured professor at a local university shuffles to a class, a heavy load of papers
under his arm. He has just marked all the papers, after reading and assessing the grammar and content of each of
the papers handed in by the 40 students in his class. Going through some of the papers, Dr. Potter felt that the
content in there had been plagiarized from other sources, but he had no sure way of ascertaining from where the
student had copied the content materials. Fast forward, in 2019, Dr. Potter now walks into a class, barely carrying
any papers, but having read, flagged incidents of plagiarism for disciplinary action, and graded papers for an even
larger number of students.
Sometimes, when he is off campus, he can dial-in or video conference into the class and can still perform his
duties and responsibilities leveraging technology. The introduction, advancements, and proliferation of
technology, has made it easier for instructors to dispense their duties more effectively and efficiently. These
technological innovations have also permeated other sectors of the academia, fostering effectiveness and
efficiency.
L. Chen, P. Chen y Z. Lin (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: a review. JEEE Access. 8, 75264-75278.

01. — Ultimately, the main topic of the passage is 02. The word source can be replaced by
A) The experience of Dr. Potter. A) investigation.
B) A story at the local university. B) origin.
C) The payment of a university project. C) document.
D) Advances in technology in education. D) daily.

3
03. ltcan be inferred that teachers in the past
A) The teachers were more practical.
B) The teacher's work was more difficult.
C) Teachers could identify plagiarized works.
D) The teachers had many students.
04. Itisinconsistent with the passage to say that
A) Dr. Potter reviewed a large number of papers from
his 40 students.
B) Dr. Potter sensed that his students had plagiarized
in their work.
C) Dr. Potter knew from which sources the students
had plagiarized.
D) Today, plagiarism can be identified in research in
milliseconds.
05. — Iftechnological advances had appeared in
1950
A) Dr. Potter would still carry a lot of papers.
B) Dr. Potter would have corroborated his doubts.
C) Dr. Potter would have had very few students.
D) Videoconference would not be possible yet.
PASSAGE 2
Machine-learning techniques used by thousands of
scientists to analyse data are producing results that
are misleading and often completely wrong. About
that, Dr Genevera Allen from Rice University in
Houston said that the increased use of such systems
was contributing to a “crisis in science”. So the
“reproducibility crisis” in science refers to the
alarming number of research results that are not
repeated when another group of scientists tries the
same experiment. lt means that the initial results
were wrong.
According that, one analysis suggested that up to
85% of all biomedical research carried out in the
world is wasted effort. Dr Allen is working with a
group of biomedical researchers at Baylor College of
Medicine in Houston to improve the reliability of
their results. She ¡s developing the next generation of
machine learning and statistical techniques that can
not only sift through large amounts of data to make
discoveries, but also report how uncertain their
results are and their likely reproducibility.
Retrieved to
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47267081
4
PASSAGE 3
The Sun, Moon, and brightest planets were visible to
the naked eyes of ancient astronomers, and their
observations and calculations of the movements of
these bodies gave rise to the science of astronomy.
Today the amount of information on the motions,
properties, and compositions of the planets and
smaller bodies has grown to immense proportions,
and the range of observational instruments has
extended far beyond the solar system to other
galaxies and the edge of the known universe. Yet the
solar system and its immediate outer boundary still
represent the limit of our physical reach, and they
remain the core of our theoretical understanding of
the cosmos as well. Earth-launched space probes and
landers have gathered data on planets, moons,
asteroids, and other bodies, and this data has been
added to the measurements collected with telescopes
and other instruments from below and above Earth's
atmosphere and to the information extracted from
meteorites and from Moon rocks returned by
astronauts.
All this information is scrutinized in attempts to
understand in detail the origin and evolution of the
solar system—a goal toward which astronomers
continue to make great strides.
Chant, T.(2020). Solar system. Extraído de
https://www.britannica.com/science/solar-system
01. —Mainly, the passage is about
A) the importance of the solar system.
B) the structure of the solar system.
C) astronomical studies of the solar system.
D) interest in understanding the solar system.
02. Based on the passage, what is the concept of
INMENSE?
A) giant
B) fantastic
C) transcendental
D) colossal
03. According to the information about solar system,
we can infer that
A) is made up of the planets, the moon and the sun.
B) remains a research challenge for astronomer:s.
C) was unknown to the ancient astronomers.
D) is the only galaxy studied by astronomy.
04. About solar system investigations, it is valid to 02. The contextual antonym of the word DROPPED
say that is
A) it focused only on the Earth and the Sun. A) increase.
B) it omitted the use of telescopes and spacecraft. B) decrease.
C) it explained everything about the cosmos. C) strengthen.
D) it have revealed facts about the universe. D) climb.

05. — Ifthe moon, sun and planets had not been
visible to ancient astronomers,
A) they would not have been able to calculate it
movements.
B) space observers and telescopes would not have
been created.
C) it would have been possible to know more about
the universe.
D) it would have more information about other
systems and galaxies.
03. According to the reading, it is true to say that
researches
A) carried out by the University of Houston, were
applied in male students.
B) were conducted on all students of the nine largest
school districts in Ohio.
C) has shown that the use of uniforms improve
behavior in high schools.
D) showed that, in some schools, the absences
increased progressively.

PASSAGE 4 04. Itis inferred from the reading that the

A study by researchers at the University of Houston establishment of the use of uniforms in schools has
found that the average absence rate for girls in been
middle and high school decreased by 7% after the A) hurried.
introduction of uniforms. The study also found that B) lucrative.
"behavioral problems shifted towards less severe C) unaccepted.
infractions”. D) appropriate.
A Youngstown State University study of secondary
schools in Ohio's eight largest school districts found 05. If improvements in students behavior had
that school uniform policies improve rates of occurred before to the introduction of the use of
attendance, graduation, and suspension. uniforms,
During the first semester of a mandatory uniform A) all students would rebel against the authorities for
program at John Adams Middle School in this new policy.
Albuquerque, NM, discipline referrals dropped from B) the effects of the use of school uniforms could not
1,565 during the first semester of the year prior to be determined.
405, a 74% decrease. C) the use of the uniform would be a consequence of
Macquarie University (Australia) researchers found this change.
that in schools across the world where uniform D) the use of uniforms would not be a widespread
policies are enforced, students "are more disciplined" practice in schools.
and "listen significantly better, there are lower noise
levels, and lower teaching waiting times with classes
starting on time”.

01. Whatis the central theme of the reading?

A) The decrease of acts of misconduct in middle and
high school.
B) Studies on the consequences of the use of uniforms
in the world.
C) The usefulness of uniform policies in schools in
the United States.
D) The benefits of the use of uniforms in the schools
across the world.

5
 PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA 03. It can be inferred from the passage that the
construction of a dam
Of all the things that humanity builds from concrete A) benefits aquatic organisms.
or stone, there are few structures that influence the B) will always offer benefits.
surface of Earth quite as profoundly as a dam. C) is exempt from any problem.
By blocking the flow of a river, we dare to defy D) may be counterproductive
gravity’s pull on water from mountain to estuary – and
influence the trajectory of geology itself. A dam does 04. According to the author, the construction of a dam
so much more than submerge a valley to create a A) implies containing water from a lake.
reservoir: it transforms a river’s natural course, B) could have an economic objective.
accruing silt and sediment at an artificial barrier, and C) has the purpose of generating wars.
dampening water’s erosional force downstream. D) has exclusively a monetary purpose.
Their vertiginous walls, striking shapes and deep
foundations will also leave a unique archaeological 05. The word TRAJECTORY connotes
imprint. Some of these engineered monoliths are so A) relationship.
enormous that they may be preserved for millennia. B) confrontation.
Meanwhile, dams can also bring deep changes for the C) selfishness.
people who live nearby, and the generations that D) disagreement.
follow them. When a government in a distant capital
decides to exploit its rivers, destruction of local
homes, farmland and livelihoods often follows. For
example, while the rest of the world focused on
Covid-19 earlier 2020, an entire ancient town in
Turkey was lost to rising reservoir waters.
The effects can be felt a long way from home, too.
Damming rivers that wind through continents, like
the Nile in Africa, can withhold valuable water and
power from countries downstream, forever changing
the trajectories of those nations.

01. The passage is primarily concerned with

A) the notorious impact of dams.
B) the dire consequences of dams.
C) the benefits of building dams.
D) dams built in different countries.

02. The word VERTIGINOUS connotes

A) width.
B) weight.
C) height.
D) depth.

6
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM
WEEK 12
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA
Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
There are many occasions in which we need to refer
to something that belongs to a person. For example,
in the simple question, “What’s your name?” The
word ‘your’ lets us indicate whose name we are
talking about. There are two ways to describe
possession in English – using adjectives and using
pronouns. Here are some details to help you
understand how to use each and what the difference
is.
Possessive Adjectives
We use possessive adjectives to express who owns (or
‘possesses’) something. A possessive adjective is
used in front of a noun (a thing). For example:
• My computer.
• Your pen.
• Our car.
Here are some examples:
• What’s your address?
• My car is in front of the school.
• This is Jack and this is his wife, Sue.
• Put your coats on the back of your seats.
• Our new Math teacher is very nice.
• What a beautiful bird! Its feathers are bright
blue!
• My sister is always tired. Her job is difficult.
1
Possessive Pronouns
As with possessive adjectives, we use possessive
pronouns to indicate who owns something, but with
pronouns we don’t use a noun. We use possessive
pronouns when it is clear which object we are
referring to.
For example:
Whose pen is this? It’s mine. (meaning ‘my pen’)
As you can see, the pronouns ‘his’ and ‘its’ are the
same as the adjectives, while the others change by
adding an -s, with the exception of ‘mine’.
• That’s Anna’s homework and this is yours.
• Your hotel is near the city center while ours
is near the airport.
• I love your sofa. Mine isn’t as comfortable is
yours.
• We don’t need help with our project but the
boys need help with theirs.
• Is this Carol’s bicycle? – No, that red one
over there is hers.
• Whose game is this? – Sam was playing
earlier so it must be his.
We also use possessive pronouns after a noun + ‘of’.
For example:
• I’m a friend of his.
• You’re a student of mine.
• She’s a colleague of ours.
PASSAGE 1
Nowadays, there are too many people who believe
that literature is simply not important or
underestimate its abilities. There is a stigma in
society that implies one who is more inclined toward
science and math will somehow be more successful
in life, and that one who is more passionate toward
literature and other art forms will be destined to a life
of low-paying Jobs and unsatisfying careers. In a
certain moment, the world has come to think that
literature is insignificant. To me, however, literature
serves as a gateway to learning of the past and
expanding my knowledge and understanding of the
world. Literature opens our eyes and makes us see
more than just what the front door shows. It helps us
realize the wide world outside, surrounding us. With
this, we begin to learn, ask questions, and build our
intuitions and instincts. We expand our minds.
Sahr, Breanna (2015). «7 Reasons Why Literature is so
Important» in Odyssey. Retrieved from
<https://www.theodysseyonline.com/7-reasons-why-literature-
is-so-important> (edited text)
01. What is the topic of the reading?
A) Some reason to understand literature and arts
B) The main role that literature develops in careers
C) Literature as a way to expand our knowledge
D) The relation between arts and low-paying jobs
E) Strategies to be successful studying literature
02. The word DESTINED implies
A) resentment about life
B) low-paying studies
C) passion for the arts
D) a stigma from society
E) no option to choose
03. It is consistent about people who choose to study
literature that
A) society stigmatizes them since they are successful
in jobs.
B) they want to work in a low-paying job finishing
their career.
C) many groups of people underestimate and
compare them.
D) all of them think success is important to expand
their minds.
E) anyone who criticizes them study science, physics
or math.
2
04. It can be inferred from the reading that in the
past, literature was
A) so important that had to be taught in any place.
B) the only way to learn and understand the world.
C) an important kind of art studied by wise people.
D) considered more important than in the present.
E) another unsatisfying career worse than science.
05. If the stigma that society has about literature were
the same as the stigma about science careers, then
A) studying literature would mean you could be
successful in life too.
B) the manifest importance of literature would be
taken into account.
C) anyone who wanted to study science careers would
be a failure.
D) stigmata about different careers would definitely
come to an end.
E) the author would stop studying literature and start
a low-paying job.
PASSAGE 2
E-learning is the result of the continuous
incorporation of technology—specifically computer
systems and mobile devices—into learning and
education environments. While the first e-learning
systems were more focused on the delivery of content
and information from teachers to students, as
technology evolved, e-learning began to incorporate
more interactive, multidirectional tools.
Correspondence and collaboration became more
efficient, and systems started to feel more natural and
easier to navigate.
E-learning methods continue to expand. Learners
now have access to an abundance of information and
e-learning opportunities. While schools were the first
to adopt e-learning technology in masse, businesses
have also recognized its advantages and rapidly
adopted e-learning in order to train their employees.
Workers of all experience levels are now able to
capitalize on online training and resources to
increase their professional knowledge and skills,
resulting in more efficient business practices and
higher employee engagement.
01. What is the main topic of the passage?
A) Technology in education
B) E-learning and its benefits
C) History of e-learning
D) Latest learning methods
02. The word EXPAND is closer to “The students want to know whether the candidate
A) prolong. answers their criteria, and the administration has its
B) develop. own requirements. We discuss the results of each
C) diffuse. interview together and decide who can be accepted.
D) extent. I hope that now there will be fewer conflicts and more
understanding between students and teachers in our
03. It is not compatible to say about e-leaning that school. This experiment teaches kids to take
A) its methods were first applied in schools. responsibility for their choice. If they approve of a
B) it uses computer systems and mobile devices. teacher, they can’t complain that his or her
C) its scope has been only in educational field. requirements are unfair”.
D) its tools have been perfected over the years
01. What made the school principal try a different
04. It is inferred from the passage that, at the approach in finding new teachers?
beginning, the systems of e-learning were A) To interview the new teachers by students’
A) unidirectional. committee as well.
B) multifaceted. B) A different interview.
C) very intricate. C) Look for recommendations
D) easy to use. D) To interview the new teachers by the old ones.

05. If e-learning had not developed more interactive 02. Who interviews potential teachers?
tools, A) first the students’ committee and then the
A) students' learning would be slower and more principal
complicated. B) the principal
B) workers would no longer be able to access any C) the students
kind of training. D) first the principal and then the students’
C) it would have already lost relevance in education committee
environment.
D) probably e-learning systems would be difficult in 03. What is the purpose of the double interview,
navigation. according to students?
A) Have the last word
PASSAGE 3 B) Know the new teacher’s personality
Students and teachers C) Discuss his or her teaching approach
Different students like or dislike different subjects. D) Take the opposite to the principal
However, there is one thing in common for all of
them: the role of the teacher in these ‘likes’ and 04. The principal and the students discuss the result
‘dislikes’. It’s very hard for a student to succeed in of each interview and both
learning a subject if he or she doesn’t like the person A) interview the new teachers.
who teaches it. B) complain of their decisions.
To be sure that students are going to like a teacher C) choose the new teacher.
the school wants to hire, the principal of one high D) test the new teacher’s personality.
school decided to try a new way of choosing teachers.
In order to be accepted, the candidate has to be 05. The word approve is closest in meaning to
interviewed twice – first by the principal and then by A) discuss.
the students’ committee. B) interview.
Gabi Levy explains the reason for this double C) require.
interview: “We, the students, want to know what kind D) agree.
of person our future teacher is because he or she will
teach us and not the principal.” Another student
adds: “It is great that our school allows us to make
important decisions and influence our school life”.
The principal, Ronen Dan, agrees with his students:

3
 PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA 04. What change does the author describe?
A) He was afraid of getting hurt playing cricket at
Cricket –how I detested this game when I was young! first, but then he stopped being afraid.
My family would spend hours and hours watching it B) He did not like cricket at first, but then he began
on television while I angrily waited for it to end. to enjoy it.
Every game seemed the same. Yes, one team won and C) He liked playing cricket at first, but then he grew
the other one lost, but it was always the same game– tired of it.
some men pitching a ball, some running back and D) He loved cricket, but then he detested.
forth. Then something happened. I became old
enough to start playing cricket myself with the other 05. The word fond is closest in meaning to
kids in my neighborhood. We found a place to play A) old.
wherever we could put up a wicket. We played on the B) cruel.
street, in the backyard-even on the tops of buildings, C) happy.
believe it or not! I can recall so clearly the sounds of D) blue.
the ball hitting the bat and the quick running feet. I
can still feel the sun on my face as I played and the
bruises and scratches from falling down. I can still
see the blue sky fading to darkness behind the
buildings as our games continued into the night. It
became my favorite thing in the world. Now I watch
it not with anger, but with fond memories of the
endless days and nights spent playing the game.

01. The word detested is closest in meaning to

A) hated.
B) played.
C) wanted.
D) watched.

02. What best describes the author’s attitude toward

cricket when he was very young?
A) It was boring to watch.
B) It was difficult to learn.
C) It was fun to talk about.
D) It was dangerous to play.

03. The author describes memories of all of the

following, except how
A) the ball sounded hitting the bat.
B) the sky turned from light to dark.
C) his feet ran quickly.
D) the rules of the game caused arguments.

4
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM

WEEK 13
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA 05. Did they ____ the bank?
A) robbed
B) stole
Exercise 1
C) rob
Choose the correct form of the verb. (Elija la forma
correcta del verbo).
06. You ____ from Lima to Tacna by bicycle.
A) didn’t go
01. Yesterday I ____football in the park.
B) didn’t went
A) played B) play C) plaid
C) gone
02. It ___ three hours to drive to Paris last year.
Exercise 3
A) takes B) take C) took
Choose the correct alternative. (Escoja la alternativa
correcta).
03. Sarah ___ two sandwiches yesterday.
A) make B) made C) maded
01. Talk / his / Robin / to / did / problem / about / the
/ brother?
04. It ___ cold last night.
a) Did talk Robin to his brother about the problem?
A) were B) was C) is
b) Did Robin talk to his brother about the problem?
c) Did Robin talk to his brother the problem about?
05. We ___ the new film yesterday.
A) watched B) watch C) watches
02. Which sentence is correctly written?
a) Where did you finded the money?
06. I ____ a pet rabbit when I was a child
b) Where did you find the money?
A) have B) had C) has
c) Where did you found the money?
Exercise 2
03. wore / Mike / on / jacket / a / beautiful / birthday
Choose the correct alternative. (Elija la alternativa
/ his.
correcta)
a) Mike a beautiful jacket wore on his birthday.
b) Mike wore beautiful a jacket on his birthday.
01. ___ she ___ a lot of money?
c) Mike wore a beautiful jacket on his birthday.
A) did/have
B) did/had
04. Match the questions with their answers:
C) did/has
1. I saw A. wash his car.
02. I _______ the television.
2. I wasn't B. dinner last night?
A) did turned off
3. Last year, I C. a movie yesterday
B) didn’t turn off
4. Last year, I didn't D. at the cinema yesterday.
C) didn’t turned
5. Did you have E. traveled to Japan.
6. He didn't F. travel to Korea.
03. My parents ___ home yesterday.
A) came
A) 1D, 2C, 3E, 4F, 5B, 6A
B) didn’t came
B) 1C, 2F, 3E, 4D, 5B, 6A
C) comed
C) 1C, 2D, 3E, 4F, 5A, 6B
D) 1C, 2A, 3E, 4F, 5D, 6B
04. He ____ a letter to his parents.
E) 1C, 2D, 3E, 4F, 5B, 6A
A) write
B) wrote
C) written

1
PASSAGE 1
Sleep for your health
You may eat properly and do exercise, but if you don’t
get enough sleep, you threaten your health. Lack of
sleep not only affects concentration and alertness, it
also increases the risk of getting different diseases.
Millions of people don’t sleep well. But many of them
think that sleep problems are natural. They suffer for
many years before they finally ask for help.
Here are some tips to improve sleep:
• Go to bed only when you really feel tired.
• Don’t read, watch television or use your computer
in bed. These are waking activities.
• Try not to take a nap during the day, even if you
feel tired.
• Try to avoid any physical work or activity late in
the evening.
• If you don’t fall asleep within 20 minutes, get up
and relax in another room. Do something calming
until you’re tired enough to go back to bed.
• If you are still thinking about daytime problems,
listening to quiet music for a while may be helpful.
• Take a warm bath to calm down.
• Drink hot milk before going to bed.
• Practice relaxation exercises before you go to bed.
Breathe in slowly and deeply for four seconds, and
then breathe out for another four seconds. Tense and
then relax your muscles a few times. If none of these
help, going to a doctor is the best way to get your
sleep regular again.
01. A lot of people suffer from lack of sleep, but most
of them think it is
A) healthy.
B) natural.
C) helpful.
D) useless.
02. Doctors recommend not to watch television or use
a computer in bed because they are
A) concentration activities.
B) alertness activities.
C) normal activities.
D) waking activities.
2
PASSAGE 2
Jimmy Donal “Jimbo”
Wales is an American Internet entrepreneur and a
co-founder of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia.
Wales was born in Huntsville, Alabama in the U.S.
He earned a bachelor’s and master’s degrees in
finance. While he was in graduate school, he taught
at two universities. He later worked as the research
director of a Chicago firm. In 2001, with Larry Sanger
and others, Wales launched Wikipedia, a free, open
content enciclopedia that enjoyed a lot of popularity.
Wales also established the Wikimedia Foundation, a
non-profit charitable organization to operate
Wikipedia. Wales has been married twice and has a
daughter with his second wife Christine, from whom
he is separated. He describes himself as an
objectivist and a libertarian. His role in creating
Wikipedia, which has become the world’s largest
encyclopedia, put him, in 2006, in Time magazine’s
list of the world’s most influential people.
01. Where was Wales born?
A) Chicago
B) Alabama
C) New York City
D) Los Angeles
02. Wales has got a degree in
A) an American internet entrepreneur.
B) an objectivist and a libertarian.
C) the world’s largest encyclopedia.
D) a bachelor’s and a master’s in finance.
03. In how many universities did Wales teach?
A) one B) two
C) three D) four
04. Wikipedia was launched in
A) 2000. B) 2005.
C) 2006. D) 2001.
05. Wikipedia operates a non-profit charitable
organization called
A) Huntsville.
B) Larry Sanger.
C) Wikimedia Foundation.
D) Wales.
PASSAGE 3
Crazy Mom’s Fashion
It started 20 years ago. One day, Jane Smith, a busy
mom and a loving wife, went shopping for new
clothes. After a few hours of searching, she came
home exhausted and disappointed. In the mid –80s,
few manufacturers made clothes for women over
thirty. “Thousands of women in England have the
same problem, and I will help them,”– thought Mrs.
Smith. With very little money, no connections in the
fashion world and a husband who thought that her
idea was crazy, the ambitious woman decided to start
up her own business.
Jane designed her first collection of twenty clothing
items, bought suitable material and sewing machines,
and hired experienced tailors. The Smiths’ balcony
turned into a workshop. When the collection was
ready, Jane offered it to a famous chain of stores. To
her surprise, they bought the whole collection at
once. When they asked her about the name of her
company, Jane looked at her husband, smiled and
said: “Crazy Mom”. The collection was sold in a very
short time – women liked Jane’s models. In a month,
the manager of the chain ordered more clothes from
“Crazy Mom” and Jane had to hire more people and
find a bigger place for the workshop. The next step
was opening her own shop at the central train station
in Manchester. Now “Crazy Mom” has 50 boutiques
all over the world. Mr. Smith left his job as an
engineer and became head of the company. Their
four children also work in the company and,
according to Jane, this is what makes the business so
successful.
01. Why didn’t Jane manage to buy any clothes?
A) She has very little money.
B) She was exhausted.
C) Few manufacturers made clothes for women over
thirty.
D) Her husband thought that she was crazy.
02. What did Mrs. Smith do in order to start her
business?
A) She bought suitable material, sewing machines
and
hired experience tailors.
B) She went shopping for new clothes.
C) She talks to few manufacturers.
D) She invested a lot of money in her new business.
3
03. Jane decided to call her company “Crazy Mom”
because
A) she started her business at her house’s balcony.
B) she was a woman in her thirties.
C) thousands of women in England are crazy.
D) her husband thought that her idea was crazy.
04. What did Jane do when the manager ordered
more clothes?
A) She opened her own shop at central train station.
B) She offered her collection to another famous chain
of stores.
C) She didn’t believe what was happening.
D) She hired more people and found a bigger place
for the workshop.
05. What fact proves that “Crazy Mom” is a
successful company?
A) it has a lot of sewing machines and experienced
tailors
B) all the family work in the company
C) the particular name of the company
D) the excellent collections
PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
Global health crises tend to grow in phases. This
chain of events starts with an “outbreak”—a sudden
rise in confirmed cases of a disease that’s contained
to a small geographic region. If the disease spreads
just beyond that community, it becomes an epidemic.
Pandemics, according to their classical definition,
are epidemics that cross international boundaries
and affect a large number of people worldwide.
“It’s all about geography,” says Lauren Sauer, the
director of operations with the Johns Hopkins Office
of Critical Event Preparedness and Response. “It’s
not about severity, it’s not about high versus low case
counts. It’s...do we see spread across the globe?”
Not every widespread epidemic is considered a
pandemic. A pandemic declaration also takes into
account who is infected and where. If a person
catches the coronavirus in China and travels back to
their home country, they do not count toward the tally
that ultimately decides a pandemic declaration—and
neither does anyone they infect. Because the ease of
global travel, it seems like the disease is spreading
faster and more widely than it was.
“Pandemic is not a word to use lightly or carelessly,”
said.
“It is a word that, if misused, can cause unreasonable 04. It is inferred that using the term pandemic
fear, or unjustified acceptance that the fight is over, indiscriminately
leading to unnecessary suffering and death". A) can cause social crisis.
McKeever, A. (2020). “Coronavirus is officially a pandemic. B) involves a state of emergency.
Here's why that matters.”. In National Geographic. C) ruins the health system.
D) can cause unreasonable fear.
01. The passage mainly answers the question 05. If a disease were to spread rapidly throughout the
A) Is a pandemic declared when the cases are very world,
serious? A) it would be called an endemic.
B) What is a pandemic and when should it be B) it would be called an epidemic.
declared? C) it should be a psychosocial.
C) Why has the coronavirus been considered a D) it could be called a pandemic.
pandemic?
D) What is the difference between pandemic and
epidemic?

02. The verb TO CATCH implies

A) dilation.
B) research.
C) contagion.
D) spread.

03. It is compatible to affirm that in a pandemic

______________ must be considered.
A) its initial outbreak and its spread
B) the number of deceased persons
C) the type of disease that is spread
D) the actions taken by the who

4
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM

WEEK 14
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA

1
I. Read and circle the alternative with the message. 04. I _____ go to see the doctor last week because I
was very ill.
A) have to
B) should
C) had to
D) must

05. Take your time. We _________ be there until

six.
A) haven’t to
A) You have to keep this distance. B) mustn’t
B) You must keep less than this distance. C) don’t had to
C) You don’t have to keep this distance. D) don’t have to
D) You shouldn’t keep this distance.
06. I ______ go now because I am already late for my
class.
A) have to
B) should
C) had
D) must

07. I may ___ able to come to your party if I have

time.
A) You shouldn’t wear a face mask. A) have
B) You can wear a face mask. B) be
C) You have to wear a face mask. C) being
D) You don’t have to wear a face mask. D) be to

II. Complete the sentences with the correct answer: 08. They ______ to do their homework today because
it is a holiday at the school.
01. Most mathematical symbols weren’t invented A) don’t have
until the 16th century. Before that, mathematicians B) should
_________ write symbols in words. C) must not
A) Had to D) don’t have to
B) have to
C) can’t III. Complete the sentences with the correct answer:
D) may
01. I ______ take notes during the class or you may
02. If you want to do an excellent thesis, you forget the information.
________ these stages: planning, collecting data, A) May
analysing data and evaluation. B) should
A) can follow C) can
B) have to follow D) might
C) have to following
D) may follow 02. She ______ go swimming right after eating.
A) may B) can’t
03. Janine ______ be in the office now. I saw her go C) shouldn’t D) should
in ten minutes ago.
A) should B) can 03. My computer ____ be old, but it still works really
C) might D) must well.
A) may B) can’t
C) shouldn’t D) should
2
04. Children _____ ______ at home to say “please” 03. Choose the correct alternative:
and “thank you”. You ______ leave small objects lying around. Such
A) Shouldn’t learn objects ____ be swallowed by children.”
B) should to learn A) should - may
C) should learn B) shouldn’t - may
D) may learn C) shouldn’t – may not
D) shouldn’t have – may
05. You ____ go in without a money. You will need
it to buy the laptop. 04. Choose the correct alternative:
A) may “Drivers ____ stop when the traffic lights are red.”
B) can’t A) should B) can
C) shouldn’t C) have to D) mustn’t
D) don’t have to
05. Choose the correct alternative:
IV. Choose the best alternative “I have a sore throat / You _____ drink a garlic tea.”
A) have to
01. Circle the correct alternative: B) mustn’t
“It's a hospital. You ______ smoke.” C) should
A) mustn’t D) must
B) have to
C) can 06. Choose the correct message.
D) can not

02. Choose the best alternative:

“The teacher said we _____ read this book for our
own pleasure as it is optional. But we ______ read it
if we don't want to.”
A) can’t - don’t have to
B) can - have to
A) You should use a tissue for coughs.
C) can - don’t have to
B) You shouldn’t touch your mouth and nose.
D) can - doesn’t have to
C) You have to cover your mouth and nose.
D) You don’t have to use a tissue.

PREPOSITIONS REFERRING TO THE TIME

AGO how far something happened (in the past) 6 years ago
BETWEEN time that separates two points between Monday and Friday
BY not later than a special time by Thursday
DURING through the whole of a period of time during the holidays
FOR period of time for three weeks
FROM ... TO two points from a period from Monday to Wednesday
TILL/UNTIL no later than a special time till / until tomorrow
TO time of the day 23 minutes to 6 (5:37)
UP TO not more than a special time up to 6 hours a day
WITHIN during a period of time within a day

3
PASSAGE 1 01. The main intention of the author is
Sleep plays a fundamental role in health. A good A) to tell the process of reviving the brain of pigs
night's sleep allows the body to recover and wake up when they mislay their functions.
refreshed and ready to face the day. B) to show research of scientists who could revive 32
Unfortunately, many people have sleep problems and pig brains after being killed.
do not get the rest they need. Insufficient and poor- C) to learn about human brains through the
quality sleep can be due to a variety of factors, examination of dead brain of animals.
including sleep disorders, medical conditions, and D) to interpret the results of a new study in which
mental health. Sleep problems affect people of all some animals were slaughtered.
ages, and their repercussions can be far-reaching. E) to analyze the brain of thirty-two pig brains that
Suni, E. (2022). “Sleep Statistics”. In Sleep Foundation. came back to life after decease.
Retrieved from https://www.sleepfoundation.org/howsleep-
works/sleep-facts-statistics (Edited text).
02. According to the passage, the word
CERTIFICATE implies
01. What is the central topic of the passage?
A) credential.
A) The sleep affectation
B) recording.
B) The meaning of dreams
C) certainty.
C) The phases of sleep
D) mediation.
D) The importance of sleep
E) confidence.
E) The causes of sleep
03. It can be inferred that blood supply
02. Regarding the quality of sleep, it is valid to affirm
A) arrives to the pig brain every six minutes.
that
B) is essential for the functioning of the brain.
A) it only depends on the number of hours slept.
C) needs to be studied with more authorities.
B) it also helps the good daytime functioning.
D) is irrelevant since the creation of BrainEx.
C) it is achieved by ingesting many sleeping pills.
E) prevents people from having heavy strokes.
D) it has a direct impact on student concentration.
E) it can have physical repercussions in humans.
04. According to the author, it is inconsistent to argue
about the death of brains
PASSAGE 2
A) could happen to different living beings like pigs
We all know that when your brain dies, you die.
or even humans.
Without a blood supply, your brain cells start dying
B) the topic was studied by scientists from Yale
off rapidly in around six minutes. Then there is an
School of Medicine.
irreversible loss of all neurological function in the
C) it is supposed to occur six minutes after absence
brain and brain stem. No sign of life, no coming back,
of blood supply.
sign the death certificate.
D) a blood substitute called BrainEx is being
At least, that is what is supposed to happen. This
developed to reverse it.
year, scientists from Yale School of Medicine created
E) it was believed that the living being involved could
the biggest commotion about brain reanimation since
easily survive.
Mary Shelley when they reported that they had
revived the brains of 32 pigs four hours after they
05. If scientists found that pigs could survive without
been killed.
their brains, then
Brains, it seemed, could be brought back to life.
A) the pig’s organs would have to be removed to finish
The researchers connected the ‘dead’ organs to a
their suffering.
system that infused them with a blood substitute
B) consequently, human beings would also do
called BrainEx, which promotes cell recovery after
without their craniums.
oxygen deprivation. The scientists found that
C) pigs would share the characteristics of chickens
BrainEx helped maintain the brain’s internal
and certain birds.
structure and reset some brain cell functions such as
D) it would be a failure, since they can only live six
the ability to produce energy and remove waste.
Crompton, S. (2020). Wild ideas in science: Death is
minutes brainless.
reversible. Science Focus. https://www.sciencefocus.com/the- E) the blood substitute BrainEx would be less
human-body/wild-ideas-death-is-reversible/ (Edited text). advantageous for them.

4
PASSAGE 3
The term "emotional responsibility" consists of
recognizing that beliefs, feelings, and behaviors can
only be controlled by the person experiencing them.
That is, other people are only responsible for the
triggering event itself or for creating a stressful or
negative situation.
However, each person is responsible for the level of
emotional distress that results from another person's
misbehavior.
Emotional responsibility does not absolve anyone of
responsibility for their actions but, from this
perspective, the phrase "I was made to feel _______"
is not exactly correct because, although the other
person actually created a negative situation, it is you
who feels an undue level of some negative feeling.
In other words, emotional responsibility is about
having the power to control your own thoughts and
emotions.
Prendergast, D. (n.d.). “Emotional responsibility and dealing
with other people” in The Albert Ellis Institute. Retrieved
from https://albertellis.org/2014/01/emotional-responsibility-
and-dealing-with-other-people/ (Edited text).
01. The passage answers the question:
A) How to develop emotional responsibility?
B) Who is responsible for emotions?
C) What is emotional irresponsibility?
D) What is emotional responsibility?
E) How to know the emotions of others?
02. The verb CONTROL can be replaced by
A) govern.
B) restrain.
C) check.
D) inspect.
E) dominate.
03. It is possible to infer that a person without
emotional responsibility
A) may have difficulty identifying his or her own
emotions.
B) has relationships based on dialogue and
consensus.
C) can have very long-lasting sentimental
relationships.
D) never apologizes to others when he or she is wrong.
E) should attend therapy to improve his or her self-
esteem.
5
04. If a person says "You are responsible for how I
feel." it is compatible to state that he/she
A) has self-destructive feelings.
B) recognizes his/her beliefs.
C) lacks emotional responsibility.
D) is going through a bad moment.
E) has an inability to trust others.
05. If a person you consider a friend cheats on you,
from the perspective of emotional responsibility,
A) you can always form new friendships that do bring
positive things into your life.
B) you must accept that he is a liar and that his
actions have nothing to do with you.
C) he should attend several therapy sessions to learn
to control his mythomania.
D) you should reflect deeply on the importance of
their friendship before ending it.
E) he does not have the capacity to accept
responsibility for his actions and decisions.
PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
What is it about boredom that leads to creativity? The
boredom gives us a push to explore creative outlets to
fill the ‘gap’ our brain is noticing. Boredom is not as
simple as having nothing to do. “When we’re bored,
there are two key things happening in our mind,”
says John Eastwood, a psychologist at the Boredom
Lab at York University, Canada.
“The first thing is what I would call a ‘desire bind’.
That’s when someone is kind of stuck because they
desperately want to do something. Secondly, when
you’re bored, your mental capacity is lying fallow.
We’re itching to engage our mind. These are the two
core things that are what it means to feel bored.”
Boredom is not in itself creative, argues Eastwood.
It’s what it leads to that is important. “When you feel
bored, because it’s an aversive and uncomfortable
state, you’re motivated to look for something else. In
that gap there’s a real chance to discover something
new. What matters to me and what am I passionate
about? I think that looking can be a source of
creativity.”
Thorp, C. (2020). “How boredom can spark creativity”. In
BBC Culture. Retrieved from
https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200522-how-boredom-
can-spark-creativity
01. The text is mainly about the relationship between
____________ and __________.
A) boredom – the brain
B) creativity – the mind
C) desire bind – creativity
D) boredom – creativity

02. In the passage, "KEY THINGS" connotes

A) attempt.
B) courage.
C) amount.
D) importance.

03. It is possible to infer that the human brain

perceives boredom as
A) an unnatural state.
B) an unknown reality.
C) a small annoyance.
D) a pleasant moment.

04. It is compatible to affirm that the creative act

A) has changed the history of art in the world.
B) is a characteristic consequence of boredom.
C) has no direct relationship with boredom.
D) is the result of the calm states of all people.

05. If you have nothing to do and you don’t want to

change that condition,
A) you are probably not bored.
B) you would be called creative.
C) you will never have creativity.
D) you would be a famous person.

6
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM

WEEK 15
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA

1
2
01. Circle the correct sentence. (encierre en círculo 07. Circle the letter that indicates the correct
la oración correcta) question. (Cierre en un círculo la respuesta que
A) My sister play soccer. indica la pregunta correcta).
B) My sister soccer plays. A) Where you go?
C) My sister is play soccer. B) Where you goes?
D) She my sister plays soccer. C) Where do you goes?
E) My sister plays soccer. D) Where does you go?
E) Where do you go?
02. Circle the letter that indicates the correct
sentence. (Cierre en un círculo la alternativa 08. Choose the correct answer according to the
correcta) following question. (Elija la respuesta correcta de
A) I always music listen to. acuerdo a la siguiente pregunta.): "Do you study at
B) I always listens to music. the university? "___________"
C) l listen always to music. A) Yes, you do.
D) I always listen to music. B) Yes, I do.
E) Listen to music I always. C) Yes, you does.
D) Yes, I does.
03. Circle the letter that indicates the correct E) Yes, I am.
sentence. (Cierre en un círculo la alternativa
correcta) 09. Choose the correct answer according to the
A) Claudia and Tom are from American. following question. (Elija la respuesta correcta de
B) Claudia and Tom is from American. acuerdo a la siguiente pregunta.): " What do you do
C) Claudia and Tom is Americans after c/ass? " "___________"
D) Claudia and Tom are from the U.S A) I live in Chosica.
E) Claudia and Tom is from the U.S. B) I go home.
C) I go there every night.
04. Choose the alternative that indicates the correct D) I get up at 6:00 a.m.
question. (Elija la alternativa que indica la pregunta E) My name's Sue.
correcta).
A) Does you get up early? 10. Choose the correct answer according to the
B) Do you gets up early? following question. (Elija la respuesta correcta de
C) Do you get up early? acuerdo a la siguiente pregunta.): "Does your friend
D) Do you early get up? speak French?
E) Do early you get up? A) Yes, he do.
B) Yes, he does speak.
05. Circle the letter that indicates the correct C) Yes, she do.
sentence. (Cierre en un círculo que indica la oración D) No, he does.
correcta) E) No, she doesn't.
A) Paul watch TV at nights.
B) Paul did watch TV at nights. GET READY!
C) Paul at nights watch TV.
D) Paul watches TV at nights. 01. ______ Maria _______ to music?
E) Paul do watch TV at nights A) Do – listen B) Does – listen
C) Does – listening D) Do – listening
06. Choose the letter that indicates the correct E) Is – listen
sentence. (Elija la opción que oración correcta).
A) George don't go to bed early. 02. _____ Beatriz _____ her room?
B) George not go to bed early. A) Does – tidy
C) George doesn't go to bed early. B) Does – tidies
D) George isn't go to bed early. C) Is – tidy
E) George doesn't goes to bed early. D) Is – tidies
E) Does – tidying
3
03. We ____ to the same school. 10. Please ______ at this photo.
A) don't A) watch
B) don't go B) see
C) goes C) do
D) going D) look
E) do not E) make

04. _____ you go swimming a lot? 11. I like to _______ football matches on TV.
A) Does A) seeing
B) Are B) watch
C) Is C) look
D) Do D) do
E) Doing E) make

05. What ______ you ____ of their new album? 12. Do you ____ that man in the blue shirt?
A) are – think A) see
B) are – thinking B) do
C) do – think C) make
D) does – think D) watch
E) are – thinks E) look

06. They _________ see each other during the week. PASSAGE 1
A) are not Astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS)
B) don’t usually have a busy schedule. Every day they wake up at
C) doesn’t usually 7:00 GMT. From 7:00 to 8:00, they wash up and eat
D) are usually breakfast. At 8:00 in the morning, they call Ground
E) are Control in their countries. After they talk to Ground
Control, their workday begins. The astronauts do not
07. We normally _____ the shopping on Saturday do the same thing every day. Their schedules change
mornings. every week.
A) make The astronauts do not work all the time. Each day
B) see they exercise for an hour in the morning and an hour
C) look in the afternoon. After dinner, they have free time.
D) watch Then, it is time to go to sleep.
E) do Sometimes this is not easy because the sun rises and
sets 16 times each day on the space station.
08. Before you go out, you have to ________ your The astronauts’ work does not end on Friday. They
homework, ok? work a half day on Saturday and all day on Sunday.
A) do Astronauts are very busy people.
B) make Doctor Bugs. (n. d.). National Geographic Learning.
https://ngl.cengage.com/assets/downloads/grex_pro0000000538/grex
C) not 1_su3.pdf
D) did 01. What is the main idea?
E) looking A) Astronauts have to work and do physical exercises
every day.
09. You can’t ______ far in this fog. B) The astronauts' job is to represent their countries
A) do on the ISS.
B) see C) On the ISS, astronauts perform various activities
C) make every day.
D) look D) All astronauts have a busy schedule from Monday
E) watch to Friday.
E) International astronauts have to work every day in
outer space.
4
02. In the text, what is the semantic relationship
between RISE and SET?
A) Metaphor
B) Metonymy
C) Hypernymy
D) Antonym
E) Synonym
03. It is inferred that astronauts on the International
Space Station
A) want to have a different physical condition than on
Earth.
B) are in daily contact with their bases in their
countries.
C) are continuously monitoring the situation on
Earth.
D) eat healthily with fruits and vegetables
fundamentally.
E) take care to keep the interior of the station clean
every day.
04. To affirm that the astronauts in the International
Space Station sleep placidly and uninterruptedly is
incompatible, because
A) times of light and darkness are different in space
than on Earth.
B) astronauts have a lot of free time during the days
on such a station.
C) all the astronauts on that station come from
different countries.
D) they must receive an emolument for working every
day in space.
E) each one of the astronauts works in a specific task
in the station.
05. If, on the International Space Station, sunrise and
sunset were four times a day, astronauts
A) could always wake up at 8:00 a.m.
B) would no longer use Earth time.
C) would never have trouble sleeping.
D) could possibly sleep more easily.
E) would no longer have to be busy.
PASSAGE 2
A consumer is a person who buys things, and a
consumer society is a society that encourages people
to buy and use goods. Some people think that a
consumer society provides people with better lives.
People in consumer societies tend to live more
comfortably. They eat a wider variety of food. They go
to restaurants more often. They also buy a lot of
products, maybe more than they need.
5
Products such as TVs, cell phones, and computers
used to be luxuries. Today people can buy these
things more easily than ever before. The market for
these goods is growing faster all the time. Consumer
societies encourage people to buy bigger and better
products. For example, “smarter” phones come out
every year. In a consumer society, people are often
buying newer and more advanced products. This
creates a lot of waste. Nowadays, many people are
thinking more seriously about the effects of consumer
societies on the environment, and they are trying to
become more responsible consumers.
Life on the Space Station. (n. d.). National Geographic Learning.
https://ngl.cengage.com/assets/downloads/grex_pro0000000538/grex
1_su3.pdf
01. The passage is primarily concerned with
A) the main characteristics of consumer societies.
B) the positive consequences of consumer societies.
C) the negative consequences of consumer societies.
D) the main characteristics of current consumers.
E) the irresponsible behavior of consumers today.
02. The word THINKING connotes
A) affection.
B) intensity.
C) ignorance.
D) expression.
E) reflection.
03. The author implies that, in consumer societies,
products
A) are produced by all companies in exact quantities.
B) can become scarce and expensive when there is a
crisis.
C) are always purchased in moderation by
consumers.
D) continually become cheaper and more
sophisticated.
E) are always manufactured with the same
characteristics.
04. At the end of the passage, the author advises that
A) the State should protect the environment.
B) consumers should change their behavior.
C) consumers should have a lot of money.
D) products should always lower their prices.
E) consumers have to buy the new products.
05. If products were always luxurious, then
A) products would not get more advanced.
B) the world economy would go into recession.
C) consumer societies would grow faster.
D) consumers would produce less waste.
E) environmental pollution would disappear.
PASSAGE 3
One of the ways to learn about an enemy’s plans is
from spies. But there are many dangers in relying on
spies. As the British Double Cross System showed,
spies can be «turned», sending false information
supplied by the enemy. For example, one major spy
network in the Netherlands senttheBritish a great
deal of information thatwas in fact created by the
Gestapo, the German secret police.
There are two ways to use spies in determining the
accuracy of information. One way is to employ spies
who do have access to important military or political
leaders in the enemy country. This is the image of the
secret agents whom people have learned about from
spy novels and movies. A second way is to employ a
large number of spies, each sending back small bits
of information. When all the pieces are put together
and analyzed, an accurate picture unfolds.
Bigelow, B. (2000). World War II: Almanac. UXL.
01. What is the topic of the reading?
A) The false information sent by the German gestapo
B) The lack of information obtained through spies
C) The veracity of information obtained through spies
D) Spies and their sources of information in the world
E) Ways to use the false spy information obtained
02. The word TURNED connotes
A) changed.
B) manipulated.
C) discovered.
D) killed.
E) awarded.
03. It is incompatible to affirm that the spy
information
A) is always false or inaccurate.
B) has to be carefully analyzed.
C) can be changed by enemies.
D) can be used in different ways.
E) allows to know the adverse plans.
6
04. It is possible to infer that people who receive the
spy information have to be____________.
A) evil
B) military
C) political
D) suspicious
E) confident
05. If in the Second World War Germany had strictly
believed in all the information sent by its spies
A) it would have been wrong in many of its actions.
B) it would have won the war in one or two years.
C) Hitler would not have committed suicide in Berlin.
D) France would have been able to defeat Germany.
E) the war would have lasted much longerin Europe.
PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
A research carried out by a team of psychologists at
the University of Missouri-Columbia shows how
spending money on others increases one&#39;s
happiness more than spending money on oneself. But
it&#39;s not jusi financia! generosity that has the
power to increase our happiness donating our time to
someone in need, ar simply adopting a mentality that
puts others’ happiness above our own, has a positive
impact on our psychological well-being.
The researchers suggest that it has to do with our
basic psychological need far
•relatedness feeling clase to others. According to
the researchers, an attempt to make another person
happy inspires feelings of closeness which, in turn,
explains why people end up feeling happy
themselves. The same chain of reasoning does not
work when attempts at happiness ar mood
enhancement are self-directed.
Moreover, this research adds another point to a
growing list of scientifically proven techniques aimed
at improving happiness. For instance, other emerging
research has found that increasing our sense of
mattering and autonomy, as well as making an effort
to surround ourselves with optimistic people (and to
live in a happier society), are also viable ways to
improve psychological well-being.
Travers. M. (2021, April 26). Happiness Comes From Making Others
Feel Good Rather Than
Ourselves. According To A New Study. https:l/bit.ly/3skLROD
01. What is the main idea of the passage?
A) There are many ways to increase our happiness.
B) Generosity has a positive impact on our minds.
C) Generosity greatly increases our happiness.
D) Advice on how to make happy with our money.

02. As it is used in passage, the word SURROUND

most nearly means
A) approach.
B) reject.
C) interact.
D) support.

03. Regarding the ways to enhance happiness it is

incompatible to affirm that
A) you can be more happy by yourself.
C) mental health is linked to happiness.
B) these are applied by scientists daily.
D) more of these are being discovered.

04. lt is inferred that increase our happiness

A) depends on what we give others.
C) is easy when you live with others.
B) comes from overspending money.
D) doesn’t depend on economic level.

05. lf makes another person happy did not inspire you

feelings of closeness,
A) you wouldn’t be happy about that
C) this person would reject your help.
B) you wouldn’t trust in this person.
D) this person wouldn’t feel happy.

7
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM

WEEK 16
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA Remember:
• “Wasn’t playing” and “weren’t playing” are the
Past Continuous short forms of “was not playing” and “were not
The past continuous, also called past progressive, is playing”
used to refer to an action that was continuous (i.e. an Was/were playing is the past continuous.
action that was going on) at a particular time in the
past. 01. They ______ thirsty this morning.
This page will present the form and the use of the past A) were
continuous (progressive.)
B) are
(More on the present continuous / progressive)
C) is
Before you continue the lesson, read the following
D) are
passage and try to see how the verbs in bold are
formed and used. E) be

02. We ______ thirsty now.

A) be
B) were
C) are
D) is
E) was

03. I ________ hungry and want a hamburger.

A) was
Yesterday, Liza and Jim played tennis. B) were
They began at 10:00 and finished at 11:30. C) be
So at 11:00, they were playing tennis. D) are
They were playing=“they were in the middle of E) am
playing.” They had not finished yet.
04. Yesterday I _______ hungry. I ate two
We use the past continuous to say that somebody was hamburgers.
in the middle of doing something at a certain time in A) am
the past.
B) was
C) were
Example:
D) is
“This time yesterday, I was doing my homework.”
E) are
• We use the past continuous to say that
somethinghappened in the middle of something else:
05. Caroline _____ in a car accident last week.
A) is
Example:
B) were
“Bob burnt his hand when he was cooking dinner
yesterday” C) are
“While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.” D) was
E) be
1
06. Where _____ Caroline now? 12. Was he not ______ his homework?
A) was A) do
B) is B) does
C) be C) doing
D) are D) was
E) were E) is

07. My brother and sister ______ playing tennis at PASSAGE 1

11 am yesterday. Childhood trauma is an event experienced by a child
A) are that evokes fear and is commonly violent, dangerous,
B) was or life-threatening. Also sometimes referred to as
adverse childhood experiences or ACEs, there are
C) were
many different experiences that can lead to trauma.
D) is
An estimated 46% of children experience trauma at
E) be some point in their young lives. While kids are
resilient, they’re not made of stone. Adults often say
08. ______ you still working at 7 pm last night? things like, «They were so young when that
A) Was happened, they won’t even remember it as an adult,»
but childhood trauma can have a lifelong effect.
B) Are
That’s not to say that a child will be emotionally
C) Is
scarred forever if they endure a horrific experience.
D) Were But it’s important to recognize when a child may need
E) Am professional help for dealing with their trauma. Early
intervention can also prevent the ongoing effects of
09. At 8.30 am today I ____ driving to work. the trauma into adulthood.
Morin, A. (2022). «Treating the Effects of Childhood Trauma».
A) were In VeryWell Mind. Retrieved from
B) was https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-the-effects-of-
childhood-trauma-4147640
C) be
D) are
E) is 01. The text is mainly about
A) PTSD in childhood.
10. We ____ sleeping when the police came. B) impact of trauma.
A) are C) traumatic events.
B) was D) childhood trauma.
C) weren’t E) untreated trauma
D) aren’t
E) wasn’t 02. The contextual synonym for the word ENDURE
is
A) grieve.
11. Why ____ he having lunch at 4 pm?
B) suffer.
A) does
C) resign.
B) are
D) distress.
C) were
E) afflict.
D) was
E) do

2
03. It is possible to deduce that adults assume that
A) if a trauma happens at an early age, it will have no
sequelae.
B) traumas originating in childhood heal themselves
over time.
C) it is necessary to undergo years of therapy to heal
traumas.
D) adverse childhood experiences are linked only to
physical abuse.
E) traumas determine the way they relate during their
adulthood.
04. It is incompatible to affirm that adverse
childhood experiences
A) may or may not cause permanent trauma in
children.
B) are potentially traumatic events that occur in
childhood.
C) can have a huge impact on the future of their
victims.
D) impact less than 46 percent of the population of
children.
E) are linked to problems in adolescence and
adulthood.
05. If a parent notices unusual behaviors in their
child after a frightening event,
A) he will have a serious conversation with their child
about how difficult life is.
B) he should seek professional help to assist the child
in coping with their trauma.
C) he has an obligation to dig deep into their child's
insecurities to eradicate them.
D) he should downplay the event, as it may worsen
the child's fearful behavior.
E) he will need to start saving money to pay for their
child's therapy in their teens.
PASSAGE 2
Have you ever woken up just as you were about to fall
asleep? Did you wake up with a jerk, or the feeling of
falling? This is called hypnic jerks, hypnagogic jerks,
or sleep starts. Hypnic jerks are quite common, and
the condition isn’t serious. Hypnic jerks are strong,
involuntary contractions that usually happen just
when you’re drifting into sleep.
3
This jolt in the body can startle you awake when
you’re in the period between being awake and being
asleep. Lots of people experience hypnic jerks from
time to time, and researchers think that around 70%
of people will experience hypnic jerks.
One theory is that the brain misunderstands what's
going on as our muscles relax before sleep. It's
normal for the muscles to relax, of course, but the
brain gets confused. For a minute, it thinks you're
falling. In response, the brain causes your muscles to
tense as a way to «catch yourself» before falling down
— and that makes your body jerk.
These body jerks can wake you up with a start — but
they're nothing to worry about. Lots of people fall
right back asleep afterward.
Jensen, D. (August 31, 2020). «Understanding Hypnic Jerks
(or, Feeling Like You’re Falling While You Sleep)».
In Sound Sleep Medical. Retrieved from <
https://www.soundsleepmedical.com/blog/understanding-
hypnic-jerks>
06. The text mainly presents
A) a definition of hypnic jerks and their causes.
B) the level of risk of hypnic jerks for health.
C) a natural reaction of the body to tiredness.
D) a medical condition produced by hypnic jerks.
E) a few changes in habits to sleep soundly.
07. The word NORMAL can be replaced by
A) stable.
B) common.
C) healthy.
D) average.
E) okay.
08. It is possible to infer that hypnic jerks
A) are caused by alterations in the emotional state.
B) occur every time the waking state is abandoned.
C) do not fit into the category of a sleep disorder.
D) happen when a person falls asleep very quickly.
E) are nerve stimuli that contract the limbs at night.
09. It is incompatible to state that hypnic jerks can 11. The text is mainly about
go unnoticed because A) quality obsolescence.
A) they are strong contractions that startle the body B) perceived obsolescence.
awake. C) planned obsolescence.
B) they can cause severe cramps in the arms and legs. D) speculative obsolescence.
C) they are comparable to night terrors or
E) unnecessary expenses.
sleepwalking.
D) there are multiple theories about its main causes.
12. The contextual synonym for TO PERSUADE is
E) it is an attempt by the brain to protect itself from
danger. A) to convince.
B) to impress.
10. If hypnic jerks caused sleep deprivation, C) to attract.
A) it would become a worldwide concern. D) to predispose.
B) people would visit their doctors more. E) to conquer.
C) they could be a problem for the sufferer.
D) it would increase the sale of sleeping pills. 13. It is possible to infer that perceived obsolescence
involves
E) the brain would mistake day for night.
A) unnecessary expenses.
B) perdurable products.
PASSAGE 3
C) eco-smart solutions.
Perceived obsolescence occurs when a customer is
convinced that they need an updated product, even if D) a sustainable lifestyle.
their current product works well. It is often based on E) conscious consumers.
style rather than functionality. Manufacturers
constantly use advertising to persuade potential 14. It is incompatible to assert that perceived
customers that their current product is obsolete and obsolescence can be applied to
lacks style. The key to successful perceived
A) cell phones.
obsolescence is customer perception.
B) soccer shirts.
For example, a simple cell phone, with keys and
buttons, may be perfect for most customers. C) automobiles.
However, with the advent of touchscreen phones, D) cameras.
phone manufacturers have had to convince users that E) strawberries.
their old phones are outdated.
Another good example of perceived obsolescence is a 15. If since the launch of the iPhone 14, people
soccer jersey, for a fan. Professional soccer clubs decided to change their newly purchased cell phones,
subtly change the design of their kits for the new A) they would be bankrupted by these expenses.
season even though the color scheme remains the
B) it would be a case of perceived obsolescence.
same. This puts pressure on many fans, as they do not
want to be seen wearing the previous season's jersey. C) they would be spending their money in vain
The perception is that a fan in the old jersey is a less D) it would be an example of planned obsolescence.
committed fan than one in the new one. E) they would become an easy target for thieves.
Ryan, V. (2013). “What is perceived obsolescence?”. In
Technology Student. Retrieved from
https://technologystudent.com/prddes1/plannedob2.html

4
 PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
The Hessians
During the Revolutionary War, British military forces
hired about 30,000 German soldiers, known as
Hessians. The word “Hessian” came from the
German states of Hesse-Cassel and Hesse-Hanau,
where some of the “Hessians” came from.
Germany was much different in 1776 than it is today.
Then, it was made up of various states, each of which
was ruled by a landgrave (prince). Men who lived
within each state were often forced into the
landgrave’s army at an early age. The landgrave
could increase his fortune by renting out these armies
to foreign powers in their times of need. The
individual soldier had no say in the matter. Payment
for the soldiers was sent directly to each state’s
landgrave. In this way, the fate of Hessian soldier is
sometimes compared to the practice of slavery,
although the soldiers were paid well. The “Hessians”
that fought in the Revolutionary War gained a
reputation for savagery and were greatly feared
amongst the ranks of Continental soldiers. Curiously,
several diaries gathered from Hessian soldiers in the
field, revealed that they, in fact, were horrified by the
way the British soldiers destroyed civilian property
and executed prisoners. Despite their military
prowess, British soldiers also feared and mistrusted
the Hessians, and thus treated them badly. While the
Hessians fought in every battle of the Revolutionary
War, they are best remembered in America for their
defeat at the hands of George Washington and his
soldiers on December 26, 1776. In the battle,
Washington’s men crossed the icy Delaware River on
Christmas night and marched nine miles to Trenton,
staging an ambush on the sleeping Hessians. Many of
Washington’s men lacked shoes and the soldiers
were said to have left a trail of blood all the way to
Trenton. In all, Washington captured about 1,000
Hessian soldiers, who were paraded through the
streets in an effort to raise the morale of the
beleaguered Patriot cause. Captured German soldiers
were sent to area farms to work as farm hands. Other
Hessian soldiers were sent to Lancaster,
Pennsylvania, where they were treated well. Many of
the Hessians sent to Lancaster stayed permanently
rather than returning to their dreadful existence in
Germany. Of the 30,000 Hessian soldiers that fought
in America, approximately 3,000-5,000 stayed to live
in the United States.
5
01. Why was the life of a Hessian soldier comparable
to that of a slave?
A) Because Hessian soldiers had to fight without
payment
B) Hessian soldiers were forced into the military and
rented out to foreign powers
C) Hessian soldiers were forced to wear shackles and
chains
D) Hessian soldiers were disliked by both American
and British soldiers
02. Which of the following IS NOT true about
Hessian soldiers?
A) They had a reputation for savagery
B) About 1,000 Hessians were captured by General
Washington at the Battle of Trenton
C) Only 3,000-5,000 Hessian soldiers decided to
return to Germany
D) About 30,000 Hessian soldiers fought alongside
the British in the Revolutionary War
03. Define “prowess” in the following sentence?
Despite their military prowess, British soldiers also
feared and mistrusted the Hessians, and thus treated
them badly.
A) decisions B) supplies
C) talents D) mysteries
04. The Hessians
A) played a major role in the British military during
the Revolutionary War.
B) played a major role in the American military
during the Revolutionary War.
C) played a minor role in the British military during
the Revolutionary War.
D) fought in some battles of the Revolutionary War.
05. Which of the following best describes the events
thatoccurred at Trenton?
A) The Hessians ambushed Washington’s army but
were ultimately defeated
B) The Hessians ambushed and defeated George
Washington’s army on the day after Christmas in
1776
C) Washington and his men crossed the icy Delaware
River and marched nine miles to Trenton before
ambushing the Hessians on Christmas Eve in 1776
D) Washington’s men ambushed and defeated the
Hessians after a nine-mile march to Trenton on the
day after Christmas in 1776
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM

WEEK 18
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA

1
01. The little boy has finally ______ how to catch the 08. My mom ________ her hairstyle and now she
ball. looks great.
A) dropped A) have changed
B) learned B) have change
C) taught C) has changen
D) run D) has changed
E) improve E) has change

02. This old camera hasn’t been ______ for years. 09. Martha’s uncle ________ to me for ages.
A) used A) hasn’t talk
B) started B) hasn’t talked
C) taken C) haven’t talked
D) run D) haven’t talk
E) gone E) hasn’t talking

03. It is now March and the students have _____ to 10. My father ______ to Athens.
class. A) have went
A) stopped B) have gone
B) back C) has gone
C) returned D) has go
D) broken E) has go
E) had
11. I’ve been so busy that I haven’t slept ____ two
04. The mama cat knows what to do. She has _____ days.
kittens before. A) for
A) has B) since
B) have C) to
C) having D) been
D) had E) gone
E) been
12. I haven’t had a holiday ______ last summer.
05. The school bell has _______. Let’s go! A) to
A) ring B) been
B) ringed C) have
C) rang D) since
D) fixed E) for
E) rung
PASSAGE 1
06. We _________ Maria since 2010. What is quantum physics? Put simply, it is the
A) hasn’t seen physics that explains how everything works:
B) hasn’t saw the best description we have of the nature of the
C) haven’t seen particles that structure matter and the forces with
D) haven`t saw which they interact.
E) hasn’t see Quantum physics underlies how atoms work, and so
why chemistry and biology work as they do. You, me
07. They _________ their rooms so they can’t watch and the gatepost – at some level at least, we are all
any cartoons. dancing to the quantum tune. If you want to explain
A) hasn’t cleaned how electrons move through a computer chip, how
B) hasn’t clean photons of light get turned to electrical current in a
C) haven’t clean solar panel or amplify themselves in a laser, or even
D) haven’t cleaned just how the sun keeps burning, you will need to use
E) haven’t cleaning quantum physics.

2
The difficulty – and, for physicists, the fun – starts
here. To begin with, there is no single quantum
theory. But to understand how things work in the real
world, quantum mechanics must be combined with
other elements of physics – principally, Albert
Einstein’s special theory of relativity, which explains
what happens when things move very fast – to create
what are known as quantum field theories.
Webb, R. (s.f.). Quantum physics. New Scientist. Retrieved from
https://www.newscientist.com/definition/quantum-physics/ (Edited
text).
01. Mainly, the passage is about the
A) link between quantum physics and Einstein’s
views.
B) growth from simple atoms to complex human
beings.
C) difference between quantum physics and field
theory.
D) importance and some branches of quantum
physics.
E) best description we could have with about
structures.
02. The phrase DANCING TO THE QUANTUM
TUNE connotes
A) assurance. B) agreement.
C) dependence. D) movement.
E) development.
03. About quantum mechanics, we can infer that
A) must exclusively require one kind of relativity to
exist.
B) can explain why the sun keeps burning
interminably.
C) is far from being an independent field of
knowledge.
D) could become archaic if Einstein’s theory is
complete.
E) must need to work with the chemistry to be useful.
04. It is compatible to say that physicists that study
quantum physics,
A) had to study chemistry and biology to approach
that field.
B) find the complexity involved in quantum physics
exciting.
C) are obstinate followers of Einstein’s theory of
relativity.
D) consider that physics has already explained
everything.
E) concentrate exclusively on objects of microscopic
size.
3
05. If Albert Einstein had not been able to propose
the special theory of relativity
A) quantum physics would only be capable to
elucidate large-scale phenomena.
B) he would try to redevelop his approach to general
relativity to explain physics.
C) the development of quantum field theories would
have been very problematic.
D) most of the knowledge about chemistry and
biology would have been in vain.
E) we would be able to explain exclusively the
properties of photons and neutrons.
PASSAGE 2
Is it possible to predict earthquakes? No. We do not
know how, and we do not expect to Is it possible to
predict earthquakes? No. We do not know how, and
we do not expect to know how any time in the
foreseeable future.
Some people say they can predict earthquakes, but
here are the reasons why their statements are false.
First, they are not based on scientific evidence, and
earthquakes are part of a scientific process.
Scientists can only calculate the probability that a
significant earthquake will occur in a specific area
within a certain number of years. On the other hand,
earthquakes have nothing to do with clouds, bodily
aches and pains, or slugs.
Second, they do not define all three of the elements
required for a prediction. An earthquake prediction
must define 3 elements:
1) the date and time,
2) the location, and
3) the magnitude.
But their predictions are so general that there will
always be an earthquake that fits. If an earthquake
happens to occur that remotely fits their prediction,
they claim success even though one or more of their
predicted elements is wildly different from what
actually occurred, so it is therefore a failed
prediction.
USGS (s.f.). Can you predict earthquakes? USGS. Retrieved from
https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/can-you-predict-
earthquakes#:~:text=No.,time%20in%20the%20foreseeable%20fu
ture (Edited text).
06. What is the subject of the passage?
A) The impossibility to anticipate earthquakes
B) The dependence on scientific procedure
C) The importance of detecting false prophets
D) The predictions made by ordinary people
E) The difficulties researchers have getting data
07. What does GENERAL most likely means?
A) twisting
B) inaccurate
C) disjointed
D) fraudulent
E) distracted
08. It is inferred from the passage about a real
earthquake prediction that
A) it must at a minimum elucidate its location and
the date and time.
B) anyone with a little knowledge of science and lore
can carry it out.
C) we lack data even to know if in the future we will
be able to do it.
D) it is possible since such a forecast can be
accommodated to data.
E) to prove it has to do with clouds it will be
necessary to study slugs.
09. According to the author’s point of view, it is
inconsistent to argue that people who say that can
predict earthquakes
A) link them to clouds or body aches.
B) make very indefinite estimations.
C) evade the rigor necessary to do so.
D) often claim that they got it right.
E) strictly follow the scientific method.
10. If a group of people claimed that they felt a pain
in their chest just before a big earthquake and there
fore were able to predict it, then
A) they would be wrong since they failed specifying
the location.
B) that claim would be dismissed by the author of the
passage.
C) the rumbling after such a disaster would have
disproved them.
D) tests would be required to find out if they had
heart problems.
E) that quaking would not have had to happen in that
place at all.
PASSAGE 3
Erwin Rommel is known forleading Germany’s Afrika
Korps to victory in the deserts of North Africa. His
ability to keep the enemy off balance, using surprise
attacks and quick movements, earned him the
nickname «Desert Fox».
He was admired by friends and enemies alike; for
example, British prime minister Winston Churchill
told the House of Commons (England’s legislative
4
body) that Rommel was «a very daring and skillful
opponent and, may I say across the havoc of war, a
great general».
By the end of World War II, Rommel had fallen out
of favor with Germany’s leader, when Adolf Hitlertold
him that Germany couldnot defeat the Allies (Great
Britain,the United States, the Soviet Union, and the
other countries fighting against Germany, Italy, and
Japan.)
Bigelow, B. (1999). World War II: Biographies. UXL.
11. What is the topic?
A) a brief social biography of Erwin Rommel.
B) Erwin Rommel's nickname: «Desert Fox».
C) a brief military biography of Erwin Rommel.
D) the military life of Hitler and Erwin Rommel.
E) Erwin Rommel and the Second World War.
12. What is the synonymous of the word HAVOC?
A) effect
B) weapon
C) cause
D) strategy
E) enemy
13. According to the passage, Winston Churchill
A) was also a great general in World War II.
B) recognized the capabilities of his enemies.
C) criticized the German military a century ago.
D) constantly lied to his enemies to win the war.
E) was prime minister during the First World War.
14. It is inferred from the passage that «Desert Fox»
A) won many battles in various territories of Europe.
B) shared the same nationalist ideology as Hitler.
C) was an excellent soldier who won all his battles.
D) faced churchill in a great military battle in Africa.
E) was convicted of serious crimes against humanity.
15. If Erwin Rommel had lost most of his battles in
Africa
A) he would not have been so close to Hitler.
B) he would be a great German Field Marshal.
C) he would not be known as «Desert Fox».
D) he would have won his battles in Europe.
E) he would not have been sentenced in Paris.
 PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
TEXTO
Supernovae are the violent ends to the lives of the
most massive stars. When these stars stop burning
their nuclear fuel, they quickly become unstable and
their cores collapse, giving rise to some of the densest
objects in the universe: neutrón stars and black
holes. The immense pressure of the core of the star
collapsing inwards generates vast amounts of energy,
and in a violent explosión, the outer regions of the
star are blasted outwards into the surrounding space.
These explosions can be, for a few weeks or so, up to
1 billion times as luminous as our Sun. Stars live in
galaxies, and these dying stars are bright enough that
they can often be seen billions of light years away. In
some cases, what was once a single star can be briefly
brighter than its entire galaxy, such that the
supernova can be used as a pointer towards its host
Galaxy
01. Mainly, the passage is about
A) supernovae, the end of most massive stars, and its
strong glow.
B) some characteristics of stars related to its begin
and its outcome.
C) neutrón stars and black holes, the densest objects
in the universe.
D) the consequences of most massive stars’ explosión
in our Galaxy
04. According to the passage, it is valid to say that
galaxies
A) emit light that could be dimmer than a star in some
cases.
B) host stars, planets, and even bigger galaxies inside
them.
C) usually are up to 1 billion times as luminous as
our Sun.
D) only permit to contain stars that will transform in
black holes
05. If researchers were studying a remote galaxy and
they discover that there is a massive star about to die,
then
A) it would stop being the densest object in the
universe.
B) it would definitely bright a lot more than its host
galaxy.
C) it would create a massive star comparable to our
sun.
D) it would be possible that that star become a
neutrón star

02. What does RISE most likely means?

A) Climb
B) Advance
C) Emerge
D) Improve

03. According to the passage, we can infer about stars

that
A) they are going to become supernovae in all cases.
B) scientists ignore what happens when they perish.
C) they bright more when they convert into black
holes.
D) many of them depend on nuclear fuel to stay alive

5
 SEMIANUAL UNMSM

Conditionals
PRÁCTICA DIRIGIDA

1. If it doesn’t _______, plants cannot grow. 5. You need to take my sister to the hospital if she
A) rains ______ as she is allergic to it.
B) rain A) drinks
C) raining B) drinking
D) rained C) will drink
E) is raining D) is drinking
E) drink
2. If you smoke, your skin _____ more quickly.
A) ages 6. Tom _______ to work if the weather is good.
B) age A) cycling
C) aged B) cycle
D) aging C) cycles
E) will age D) will cycle
E) is cycling
3. If you heat ice, it _______
A) melting 7. You will be fine if you ______ your car there.
B) is melting A) will park
C) melt B) park
D) will melt C) are parking
E) melts D) parks
E) parking
4. Water evaporates if you ______ it.
8. If it _____ fine tomorrow, I’ll go for a swim.
A) will boil
A) be
B) boiling
B) is
C) is boiling
C) will
D) boils
D) being
E) boil
E) will be
1
9. If I come, I _______ you. PASSAGE 1
A) saw While serial killers have always been with us, their
B) see crimes did not have a formal name until the 1950s.
C) will see Criminologist James Reinhardt coined the term chain
D) sees killers in 1957, describing those killers whose
E) seeing victims form a chain of death and death tragedy.
Three years later, German author Siegfried Kracauer
10. You will catch the train if you _____ earlier. was the first to use the term serial killer in print,
A) leaves describing killers who claim a series of victims, one
B) leaving after another, in separate crimes.
C) will leave How many murders constitute a series? Authorities
D) leave and sources disagree on that point. The Federal
E) are leaving Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines serial murder
as ―three or more separate events in three or more
11. I’ll come early if you _______. separate locations with an emotional cooling-off
A) want period between homicides.
B) wants On the other hand, The National Institute of Justice
C) wanting (NIJ) describes serial murder as ―a series of two or
D) are wanting more murders, committed as separate events,
E) will want usually, but not always by one offender acting alone.
The crimes may occur over a period of time ranging
12. They ________ to the party if they are invited. from hours to years.
A) go
B) going Newton, M. (2008). Criminal Investigations: Serial Killers:
Chelsea House.
C) goes
D) will go
1. What is the topic of the reading?
E) are going
A) Criminology and the study of serial killers
EXAMPLE
B) The precise definition of a serial killer today
• If you helped me, we will finish in time. would
C) The definition of serial killer and serial murder
finish_____
D) The problematic definition of serial murder
• I can't go out. Believe me, I wouldn't stay at home E) The first definitions in books about serial killer
if I'm not ill. _______________
• If my mum was younger, she studied at university. 2. The word DISAGREE implies
_______________
• I can't afford this car. But I'd buy it if I have more A) agreement. B) controversy.
money. _______________ C) violence. D) research.
• I don't speak French. If I'd speak French, I'd live E) wisdom.
in Provence. _______________
• If you aren't my best friend, I wouldn't tolerate 3. It is incompatible to say about serial murders that
your behaviour. _______________
• Paul is unemployed. He would be happier if he A) are crimes where many people are murdered at the
founded a job. _______________ same time.
• He doesn't want to do the exam. But he could enter B) two murders is the minimum number to recognize
university if he'd pass it._______________ such crime.
• I don't know his phone number. I'll text him if I C) United States justice institutions are interested in
knew it. _______________ its definition.
• They wouldn't travel to Egypt if they can't stand D) there are points of disagreement in the definition
hot weather. _______________ of this crime.
• If I were you, I should listen to your parents. E) for the FBI this crime is committed in three or
_______________ more places.

2
4. It is possible to infer that the concept of reality in
the minds of serial killers is____________.
A) clear B) busy
C) influenced D) distorted
E) confirmed
5. If Ted Bundy had killed all 28 of his victims at the
same time
A) for the FBI and the NIJ could not be considered a
serial killer.
B) the formal name for serial killers would have been
created earlier.
C) he would not have been sentenced to death on
January 24, 1989.
D) the definition of serial murder would have to be
quickly reformulated.
E) the authorities would agree on everything
regarding serial murder.
PASSAGE 2
On October 9, 2002, Florida prisoner Aileen
Wournos died by lethal injection for the confessed
murders of six men whom she robbed and shot in
random encounters. At her trial in January 1992
Wournos claimed self-defense on her first murder
charge, saying that victim Richard Mallory beat and
raped her before she shot him. Jurors disbelieved that
story, but reporters for NBC‘s Dateline later proved
that Mallory had served 10 years in jail for an earlier
rape.
By then, it was too late. Wournos had already
confessed to five more murders, saying of those
victims, ―I just flat robbed and killed them. A
second death sentence, imposed for those crimes in
May 1992, ensured that she would never leave prison
alive.
Newton, M. (2008). Criminal Investigations: Serial Killers:
Chelsea House.
1. What is the topic?
A) The death sentence imposed on Wournos for her
crimes in Florida.
B) The confession of Aileen that the juries of the
court did not believe.
C) Aileen Wournos' confession for which she was
sentenced to death.
D) The murder of Mallory after he raped Aileen
Wournos in Florida.
E) The expertise of NBC's Dateline reporters in
investigating cases.
3
2. What is the synonymous of the word
DISBELIEVE?
A) distrust. B) defend.
C) hold. D) support.
E) swear.
3. According to the passage, Aileen Wournos
A) was sentenced to the electric chair.
B) is a serial killer who killed six men.
C) carefully followed all of her victims.
D) is a serial killer who killed five men.
E) raped her victims before killing them.
4. It is inferred from the passage that the death of
Aileen Wournos
A) shocked the people of the state of Florida.
B) occurred approximately 20 years ago.
C) was the product of a good third sentence.
D) was nationally televised in the United States.
E) was only televised in the state of Florida.
5. If Aileen Wuornos hadn't confessed her murders
A) her case would not have been nationally televised.
B) would have been sentenced to death without any
doubt.
C) possibly she would not have been sentenced to
death.
D) NBC Dateline reporters would not have studied
her case.
E) it would be true that Richard Mallory raped her in
Florida.
PASSAGE 3
In 1838, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden
were enjoying after-dinner coffee and talking about
their studies on cells. When Schwann heard
Schleiden describe plant cells with nuclei, he was
fascinated by the similarity of these plant cells to
cells he had observed in animal tissues. The two
scientists went immediately to Schwann's lab to look
at his slides. Schwann published his book on animal
and plant cells the next year. He summarized his
observations into three conclusions about cells:
1. The cell is the unit of structure, physiology, and
organization in all living things.
2. The cell retains a dual existence as a distinct entity
and a building block in the construction of
organisms.
3. Cells form by free-cell formation, similar to the 5. If Schwann and Schleiden had never
formation of crystals (spontaneous generation). communicated each other, possibly
We know today that the first two tenets are correct,
but the third is clearly wrong. The correct A) Virchow would never have studied the plant cell
interpretation of cell formation by division was finally or the animal cell.
promoted by others and formally enunciated in B) the animal and plant cell would never have been
Rudolph Virchow's powerful dictum, Omnis cellula e discovered.
cellula: "All cells only arise from pre-existing cells." C) the synthesis of both investigations would not have
In this way, Virchow contributed to the formation of been done.
modern cell theory. D) all cells would have been formed by spontaneous
generation.
Rhoads, D. (2007). History of Cell Biology. Retrieved from
https://bitesizebio.com/166/history-of-cell-biology/ E) Schwann would have had to talk to Virchow to
publish his book.
1. What is the subject?
PRÁCTICA DOMICILIARIA
A) The cell theory of Schwann
B) The evolution of cell theory About 150 000 years ago, «modern» human beings
C) Virchow's role in cell evolution appeared in Africa and the Mideast. These were
D) The cell theory of Virchow people who had the tongues and mouths and, most
E) The correct formation of the cell important, the brain mechanisms that allow us to
produce articulate speech and express complex
2. The word TENET can be replaced by thoughts. The superior brain of our ancestors, not
their brawn, allowed them to displace the archaic
A) imagination. human beings, the Neanderthal and Homo erectus
B) termination. populations, whom they encountered as they moved
C) principle. across Europe and Asia to Australia. In short, Eve
D) research. and Adam and their progeny prevailed because they
E) reflection. talked. I will try to show that our ability to talk is one
of the keys to understanding the evolutionary process
3. According to Schwann’s point of view, it is that made us human.
consistent to affirm that Human speech in itself is a distinct human attribute.
It‘s clear that human beings are not stronger or more
A) the third conclusion of the cell theory is totally adaptable than other, competing species. Horses run
false. faster, gorillas are stronger, bacteria adapt faster to
B) all organisms have cells that have a dual different environments. Speech, language, and
existence. thought differentiate humans from other species:
C) he helped Rudolph Virchow with the third these distinctive human qualities are biologically
conclusion. linked. Neural mechanisms adapted for regulating
D) he conceived that one cell descends from another speech production appear to be implicated in
cell. recalling the meaning of a Word and in
E) all vegetables and animals are not made up of comprehending the meaning of a sentence.
cells.
[Lieberman, Ph. (1998). Eve spoke. New York: W.W. Norton & Company; p.
XIII]
4. It is inferred from the reading that Schwann
1. The phrase IN SHORT can be replaced by
A) lacked a scientific laboratory.
B) described only vegetables.
A) mainly.
C) was Schleiden's older brother.
B) in addition.
D) analyzed mainly animals.
C) briefly.
E) published his book in 1839.
D) in fact.

4
2. What is the main tenet supported in the passage? 4. It is inferred that through language

A) Language makes us human beings.
B) The human being has ancient roots.
C) The human brain is a perfect machine.
D) Speech and human language are linked.
3. The author refers the running of the horse in order
to show
A) the human being can reach a high level of
abstraction.
B) the evolutionary path can reach perfection in
nature.
C) the researchers can rise to certainty in the science.
D) there was fluid communication between
Neanderthals.

A) the animal speed in nature. 5. It follows that the author‘s argument falls within
B) the superior human intelligence.
C) the adaptability of horses. A) a philosophical insight.
D) the weakness of human beings. B) an evolutionary framework.
C) an ideological perspective.
D) a cultural point of view.