Understanding

Culture, Society 3&

SUBJECT & QUARTER 3 WEEK DAY
and 4
GRADE/LEVEL
Politics/Grade 11
TOPIC
Code:  Analyze the significance of cultural, social, political and
economic symbols and practices
LEARNING  Explain the context, content, processes and
COMPETENCY consequences of socialization
 Analyze the forms and functions of social organizations.

GLOBAL
TECHNICAL SCHOOL OF ZAMBOANGA, INC.

IMPORTANT: PLEASE DO NOT WRITE anything on this material. Write your answers in a sheet of paper.
PRE- TEST
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
What
1. Carefully read all athe
pleasant
lessons.day to start! You are going to learn new concepts
2. Take youragain forgoing
time on this week. Before
thru each you start with the discussion, notice the
lesson.
3. Answer thepictures
pretestbelow.
honestly;Are you
the familiar
purpose with
of the someisoffor
pretest Filipino
you to symbols
determineand
your prior knowledge
practices?
before going thru the Identify them
lessons and and write down your answer below each
activities.
picture.
4. If you have a hardTry it! understanding the lessons and activities, please do take a break. Having
time
breaks between lessons and activities will give you some space where you can absorb the lesson well.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Angelika L. Gandias 09305903408/gekahgandias@yahoo.com Page 1

Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
 If you identify all the pictures above correctly, congratulations! It
means you already have a prior knowledge about cultural symbols
and practices. Learning the lesson will be much easier for you. If
you did not get all of them correctly, do not worry because as you
proceed in this module, you will learn more about the cultural,
social, political, and economic symbols and practices. Are you
ready?

ACTIVITY 1: DIRECTIONS: Write down your thoughts on which among the two social
symbols do you often see? Compare them and explain which of the two should be more
posted.

VS.

Part of these cultural universals is the use of symbols

in sharing same meanings to represent an idea or
ideology. Symbols enable people to go beyond what is
known or seen by creating a connection between
otherwise very different concepts and experiences.

Activity 2.
DIRECTIONS: Give the meaning of each of the following symbols and
practices. Write your answer on the space provided.

Angelika L. Gandias 09305903408/gekahgandias@yahoo.com Page 2

Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
 Cultural, Social, Political and Economic
Symbols and Practices

Symbol is an object, word, or action that stands for something else, without natural
relationship, that is culturally defined. Symbols such as gestures, signs, objects, signals, and
words, help people understand the world. Symbols provide clues to understanding
experiences. They relay recognizable meanings that are shared by societies. Symbolism, on
the other hand, is when something represents abstract ideas or concepts; it assigns names,
denominations, and defines relations between various elements (actors, actions, goals,
means, objects, values, etc.) articulated within a narrative.

Functions of Symbols and Symbolism

1. Social symbols are used to transfer culture, ideologies, or beliefs from group to
another group of people.
2. Symbols are also used to preserve traditions or beliefs of a certain group of people.
3. All symbols contain the “face” and “hidden” values, the hidden value, in a functional
perspective, holds greater meaning and importance than the face value.
4. Symbols and symbolism have been used to create movements, spread ideas, and
share advocacies that surpasses time and distance.
Types of Symbols

Cultural Symbols – manifestation that signifies ideology of a particular culture that has
meaning within that culture.
Social symbols – relating to human societies and its modes of organization (i.e., social
classes, social problems, social issues, etc.)
Political symbols – used to represent a political standpoint; seen in various media and
forms such as banners, flag, motto, etc.
Economic symbols – used in production, distribution, and consumption of goods and
services like currency, market, labor, demands and other economic activities.
General Examples of Cultural Symbols and Practices

Objects, figures, sounds and colors

Facial expressions, word interpretations, or gestures such as handshakes and hand
signals, instead of symbols and signs
Cultural Practices are the manifestation of a culture or sub-culture, especially concerning
the traditional and customary practices of a particular ethnic or other cultural group.
Examples: religious and spiritual, medical treatment, forms of artistic expressions, culinary,
housing and child-rearing practices.
A religious symbol is an iconic representation intended to represent a
specific
religion, or a specific concept within a given religion.
Some Examples of Religious Symbols around the World

Christian cross - The Christian cross has traditionally been a symbol

representing Christianity or Christendom as a whole, and is the best-
known symbol of Christianity.
Star and crescent - The star and crescent symbol was used as the flag
of the Ottoman Empire from 1844. It was only gradually associated with
Islam, in particular, due to its ubiquitous use in the decorations of
Ottoman mosques in the late 19th century. It was only occasionally adopted as an
emblem of Islamic organizations, such as the All-India Muslim League in 1940
(later becoming the Flag of Pakistan), and the US American Nation of Islam in the
1970s.
Jewish flags- featuring hexagrams alongside other devices appear from
As early as the 14th or 15th century CE. Use of the Star of David as
representing the Jewish community is first recorded in Vienna in the 17th
century CE.

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Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
Some Examples of Cultural Symbols in the Philippines

The national items and symbols are used to create Filipino identity and to promote solidarity and unity
in the nation.

Some Examples of Cultural Practices in the Philippines

Traditional Medical Practices- belief in “albularyo”, herbal medicines, alternative medicines, and
other home remedies.

Religious/ Spiritual Practices – Obando Festival in Bulacan for fertility, Panaad sa

Camiguin as act of penance and pilgrim. Feast of the Black Nazarene in Manila, etc.
Culinary Practices- Rice 3 meals a day, Adobo, Sinigang, street foods, Balut, rice cakes,
etc. Child- rearing Practices- respectful (used of the words mano, po at opo ), obedience to
parents and elders, no talking back to elders, removing footwear before entering the house,
family mealtime, ninong/ninang, ate/kuya, punishment using belt/tsinelas.

Social Symbols and Practices

It is a visible, external denotation of one’s social position, indicator of one’s social or economic status.

Status Symbol relates to how individuals and groups interact and interpret various cultural
symbols. It can be seen in clothing and possessions, societal recognition, material
possessions and other recognized symbols used worldwide such as white dove for peace,
red heart for love, etc.

Political Symbols and Practices

The artifacts or objectifications of different political meanings especially related to power.

Political symbols are usually used to embody an ideology, an advocacy, or a group of people
with same principles. Political practices are common things that are done within a state or
country. It is related to the practices done in the administration, distribution and attainment of
power, bureaucratic composition, etc.

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Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
Political Practices in the Philippines

 Political Dynasties – it is the concentration, consolidation or perpetuation of public

office and political power by persons related to one another.
 Filipino Clans
 Celebrities turned Politicians.
 Palakasan system – refers to a system of getting an advantage when having or
knowing someone powerful from the office that can recommend you. This usually
happens within government offices.
 Trapo ( Traditional Politics )
 Catholic Church Influence
 Power Revolt

Economic Symbols

This represents economic standpoint. It can be seen in various media such as Stock
Exchange, Money, and Currency, Gold and Petroleum, Life Insurance, Banking, etc.

Examples:

New Zealand $ New Zealand dollar

Philippines ₱ Philippine peso
South Korea ₩ South Korean won
Thailand ฿ Thai baht

Philippine Economic Practices

In terms of savings, one of the traditional way of saving money in Filipino is using “alkansya”.
It is where they Filipino use bamboo as a vault to their money until it becomes full and ready to
be withdrawn by its owner. Another way of economic practice of Filipino is “paluwagan”. It is a
group savings where group of people agrees to give money to a money manager who is also
part of this group and manages the money. The money will cycle throughout the group.

Significance of Symbols and Symbolism

As rational thinkers, we have been making and giving meaning to symbols for a long time.
Symbols have been part of our lives and growth as humankind. The usage of symbols and
symbolism have given mankind an avenue to communicate with different groups of people,
influence others of different ideologies, and preserve values that were transferred from
generations to generations.

Context, Content, Processes

and Consequences of Socialization
Activity 2.1

TIME OF MY LIFE

DIRECTIONS: Write down at least 10 significant experiences in each stage, you have
acquired from your society that makes you the person you are today.

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Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
Activity 2.2 THIS IS ME

DIRECTIONS: Put a check in each item showing on how you perceived your values, rules, and
norms in the community

Socialization refers to the coaching of novices to end up contributors of a current crew and
to think, feel, and act in approaches the team considers appropriate. Socialization is a
central process in social life. Its importance has been noted by sociologists for a long time,
but their image of it has shifted over the last hundred years.

Socialization is learning on how our society and specific communities, or groups works so we
can be a part of them. It’s a process of working together in developing responsibility in our
community. Individual learns to conform to the norms and values in a group and develops
his/her own self by learning and knowing about his/her own self from the others.

Socialization focuses on the following.

1. Acquisition of Knowledge
2. Language
3. Values
4. Habits

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Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
 5. Skill in the Society

TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION

1. Primary Socialization- occurs early in a child’s lifestyle and is primarily due to have
an impact directly from the family and close friends. Through fundamental socialization, a
baby learns basic societal norms and customs. Example Mano or pagmamano as an
"honoring-gesture" to the elders.
2. Secondary Socialization -occurs when a person learns on appropriate behavior
to be displayed within a smaller group which still part of a larger society. Example joining
a club or organization in college, getting employed in a new workplace.
3. Anticipatory Socialization-Adolescence is initiated between the ages of
childhood and adulthood. During this stage, children start to participate in Anticipatory
Socialization. They also learn about their group culture and what they should expect in
the future.
4. Professional or Developmental Socialization- This process of socialization
occurs during the early years of an individual's life. It develops his skills and attitudes for
the future and prepares him for the various roles and responsibilities that he will assume
as an adult.
5. Re-Socialization- When an individual moves to a new group, he has to learn the
new values and beliefs of the new group. This process of re-socialization helps him to get
used to the new ways of life.

THREE PARTS OF SOCIALIZATION

1. Context- denotes culture, language, social structures, and the individual’s rank
within them. It includes the history and roles played by the people and institutions in the
past.
2. Content and Process- the work or activity in socialization. Content refers to the
details of what passed from a member to a new member. While process means the
interactions and ways these new norms, values and customs are thought to a novice.
3. Results and Outcomes-refers to what happens to an individual after being
exposed to a particular contents and process.

CONTEXT OF SOCIALZIATION
Biological Context- Sociobiologist suggest that some human capacities may be "wired into"
our biological makeup. Some hormones (i.e. vasopressin and oxytocin) encourage human
to interact and socialize with other people.
Psychological Context- composed of (1) emotional states and unconsciousness

(2) cognitive theories of development (3) social and historical events (4) social position as part
of the context
Socialization is also known as enculturation. Enculturation occurs when cultural
knowledge is passed on to the next bearer which will perpetuate and ensure the
continuance of their traditions and practices (Santarita and Madrid, 2016).

For an individual to become a member of a society he/she must go through these two
processes: socialization / enculturation. For instance, act of courtesy and hospitality of
Filipinos are acquired through socialization because these two learned with their nearest
group like family and friends. On the other hand, enculturation takes place when one culture
or tradition is adopted.

Overall enculturation and socialization process results to:

Identity formation – An individual’s identity is formed through his interaction with other
people. A person’s socialization with individuals or groups allows him or her to imbibe
certain characteristics and interests that contribute to his/her identity. (Idea derived from
Newman, 2012). For example, the centuries of Philippine Chinese expose to Filipino culture
made them imbibe facets of Filipino character in the same way Filipinos learned to love
Chinese culture like food (e.g. preference for noodle-based cuisine like pancit).

Norms and values – On the other hand, norms are culturally determined rules that guide
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Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
people regarding what is right, wrong, proper, or improper. Norms create predictability in daily
affairs and interactions, making it easier to live with other members of society (Newman, 2012).
These norms are fundamental to the establishment of social order in any society (Newman,
2012).

Status – position that an individual can occupy in society (Newman, 2012). It is not ranked
position, but simply a label that implies certain roles that must be performed.

2 Types of Status

 Achieved status is one that a person has earned or chosen based on his/her
abilities and hard work. This is usually signified by a certain profession, such as a
professional athlete.

 Ascribed status is not earned, and it is not something that people have control over.
For instance, it can be ascribed to a person's race or sex. Also, it is not usually a
choice in most matters.

Activity 3 #mysocialgoal

DIRECTIONS: Write at least three (3) social goals to the people that surrounds you.

How Society is organized

Activity 3.1

Activity 3.2

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Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
Angelika L. Gandias 09305903408/gekahgandias@yahoo.com Page 9
Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
Activity3.1

DIRECTIONS: Connect the following sentences from column A to column B that will make sense
about Cultural Relativism.

Activity 3.3

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Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
Activity 3.4

Activity 3.5

 it through the lens of one’s own culture.

Angelika L. Gandias 09305903408/gekahgandias@yahoo.com Page 11

Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
 Congratulations! You have now the ideas about the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
. Now, let’s test if you understand the lesson that I have prepared.

POST-TEST

DIRECTIONS: Choose the best answer that suits to each question

1. Which of the following is NOT a psychological context?

A. emotional states and unconsciousness
B. cognitive theories of development metabolism
C. social and historical events
D. personal affirmation
2. What type of socialization implies on this statement “It occurs early in a child’s lifestyles and
is primarily due to have an impact directly from the family and close friends”?
A. Primary socialization
B. Secondary socialization
C. Anticipatory socialization
D. Resocialization
3. What part of socialization process that denotes culture, language, social structures, and the
individual’s rank within them?
A. Content and process
B. Result and outcomes
C. Context
D. Resocialization
4. What type of socialization when an individual moves to a new group, and he must learn
the new values and beliefs of the new group?
A. Primary socialization
B. Secondary socialization
C. Anticipatory socialization
D. Resocialization
5. Which of the following socialization occurs between the ages of childhood and Adulthood?
A. Primary socialization
B. Secondary socialization
C. Anticipatory socialization
D. Resocialization
6. What type of socialization when a person learns on appropriate behavior to be displayed
within a smaller group which still part of a larger society?
A. Primary socialization
B. Secondary socialization
C. Anticipatory socialization
D. Resocialization
7. Which of the following socialization implies when cultural knowledge is passed on to the
next bearer which will perpetuate and ensure the continuance of their traditions and
practices?
A. Primary socialization
B. Secondary socialization
C. Enculturation
D. Resocialization
8. Which of the following refers to culturally determined rules that people regarding
what is right, wrong, proper, or improper?
A. Norms and Values
B. Culture
C. Status
D. Roles

Angelika L. Gandias 09305903408/gekahgandias@yahoo.com Page 12

Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
9. What refers to this statement “It is not ranked position, but simply a label that implies
certain roles that must be performed”?
A. Norms and Values
B. Culture
C. Status
D. Roles
10. The following are the main goals of socialization, which is NOT included?
A. Values
B. Habits
C. Skill in the Society
D. Friends

II. Fill in the blanks with correct answer to complete the sentence. Choose the answer inside the oval.

Pictures Credit https://www.google.com/search?

q=pagmamano&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjXk5uc1K7vAhXi JqYKHW7DA3UQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=pagmamano&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgBMgQIABBDMgUIABCxAzIFCAAQs
References QMyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADIECAAQQzIECAAQQzoHCAAQsQMQQ1Co5wxYs_wMYN
eSDWgAcAB4BYAB8gKIAdMUkgEHMC44LjUuMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEAwA

DepEd (2016) Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Reader View. First Edition

Answer Key
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Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.
PRE-TEST

1. MANO PO
2. FOLK DANCE
3. PHILIPPINE EAGLE
4. NATIONAL HERO
5. MISA/BANAL NA EUKARISTIYA
6. PESO SIGN

ACTIVITY 1 ANSWERS MAY VARY

ACTIVITY 2 ANSWERS MAY VARY

ACTIVITY 3 ANSWERS MAY VARY

ACTIVITY 2.1 ANSWERS MAY VARY

ACTIVITY 2.2 ANSWERS MAY VARY

ACTIVITY 2.3 ANSWERS MAY VARY

ACTIVITY 3.1 ANSWERS MAY VARY

ACTIVITY 3.2. ANSWERS MAY VARY

ACTIVITY 3.3 ANSWERS MAY VARY

ACTIVITY 3.4 ANSWERS MAY VARY

ACTIVITY 3.5 ANSWERS MAY VARY

POST TEST

1. D
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. C
10. D

II.

1. EMOTIONAL
2. INTIMACY
3. MEMBER
4. SELF-PREFERENCING
5. DISCRIMINATING
6. FAVORITISM
7. HARM
8. EMULATE
9. FOLLOW
10. VALUES
11. SOCIOLOGICAL

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Teacher
Global Technical School of Zamboanga, Inc.