SMART FARMING SYSTEM

ABEN100
Plant and Livestock Systems &
Environmental Control
Engineering

Presented by
BS ABE 4-2 (OLD)
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Smart farming, or smart agriculture, involves using

advanced technologies and data-driven methods on
Introduction
farms to make them more efficient and sustainable.
This includes using things like artificial intelligence
(AI), automation, and the Internet of Things (IoT)
(Gomstyn and Jonker, 2023). Smart farming is also
defined by Bernstein (2019) as a system that is all
about using technology, both hardware and
software, to enhance farm productivity. It involves
managing farms and related activities through tools
like IoT, drones, robotics, machinery, and artificial
intelligence
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The significance of this system is to simulate data

from various sources (historical, geographical, and
Introduction
instrumental) to make informed decisions. Simply
being technologically advanced does not make a
system smart rather smart agriculture technologies
stand out by efficiently recording and interpreting
data. In smart farming, hardware (IoT) and software
(SaaS) work together to collect and analyze data,
providing actionable insights for both pre- and post-
harvest operations. This organized and accessible
data covers all aspects of finance and field
operations, allowing remote monitoring from
anywhere in the world (Cropin, 2022).
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In line with this, this paper presents their designed

production system specifically suited for their chosen
Introduction
crop which is celery. The students ensured that their
designed production system considered appropriate
planting medium, irrigation methods, and nutrient
supply for the plants. Furthermore, the students also
implemented an automation system that recorded
the observed parameters that can be obtained
within the environment. Thus, the obtained results
were further discussed with appropriate illustrations
and figures for better understanding.
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PROJECT OBJECTIVES
DESIGN IDENTIFY IMPLEMENT APPLY

Design a small Identify the Implement an Apply the

agricultural appropriate planting automation and knowledge
production system medium, irrigation monitoring system obtained during the
for a specific crop methods, and to record the course, ABEN 100.
and determine its nutrient delivery for parameters existing
growth parameters the selected crop inside the
and production production and
system control system.
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END-OF-SEM PROJECT

Determine the crop-weather relations for

celery to achieve optimal growth.
METHODOLOGY
Growing parameters: Lighting
requirement, temperature, humidity, etc.
Built a hydroponic system for a smart farming
system set-up.
Determined the suitable sensors to monitor
environmental parameters.
Using the sensors, monitored the effect of
the controlled environment to the plant
growth and development.
Discussed the response of plants within the
controlled room, problems encountered, and
early signs of stress in the plant.
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GROW BOX
COMPONENTS
component that serves as the main holder of
other existing parts of the system. It consists of a
cover/floater with holes where the plants will be
placed. The lower part of the grow box acts as the
container where the water with nutrient solutions
is located. The dimensions of the styrofoam grow
box used are 34.5 inches long, 17.5 inches wide,
and 7.5 inches thick.
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COMPONENTS
PERFORATED PLANTING CUPS

The perforated planting cups hold the plants to be

able to grow the roots directly to the grow box
which can increase the lifespan of a plant and
even its yield. The cups are made of styrofoam
and it holds the cocopeat as a growth medium
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COMPONENTS
AIR PUMP AND AIR STONE

An air pump is a device that is connected to an air

stone, which is placed and submerged inside the
water-nutrient solution. They have the purpose of
supplying oxygen to the roots of the plants for
their growth
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COMPONENTS
NUTRIENT SOLUTION

Nutrient solutions are carefully proportioned

liquid fertilizers that are commonly used in a
hydroponic garden. It usually contains inorganic
ions that are essential to the growth of the plant.
In this setup, students used SNAP Solution. When
it comes to nutrient solution brands and
formulations, only SNAP Nutrients can deliver
satisfactory results without necessitating
continuous pH monitoring.
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COMPONENTS
NUTRIENT SOLUTION

Nutrient solutions are carefully proportioned

liquid fertilizers that are commonly used in a
hydroponic garden. It usually contains inorganic
ions that are essential to the growth of the plant.
In this setup, students used SNAP Solution. When
it comes to nutrient solution brands and
formulations, only SNAP Nutrients can deliver
satisfactory results without necessitating
continuous pH monitoring.
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DEEP WATER CULTURE

HYDROPONIC SYSTEM

Deep Water Culture (DWC) is a soilless

PRODUCTION SYSTEM
hydroponic farming method in which
plants are suspended in a nutrient-rich
water solution, enabling their roots to
develop there.
For plants to thrive as best they can, it is
essential to monitor pH and EC/PPM levels.
Not only does a water pump ensure the
movement of nutrients from the reservoir
to the growing container, but artificial light
sources are frequently added to DWC
systems to facilitate photosynthesis
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DEEP WATER CULTURE

HYDROPONIC SYSTEM

Preferred for its ease of use and efficiency,

PRODUCTION SYSTEM
DWC requires routine care to maintain
adequate nutrient levels, pH balance, and
oxygenation, providing a healthy
environment for plant growth even in the
absence of soil
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TYPE OF SOLUTION USED SNAP SOLUTION

The Snap solution that was used in the set-up was

manufactured by UPLB, the bottle solution size
each is 500mL, based on the instructions, and the
ratio was in every 10 liters of water, the 25 mL of
Snap Solution A and B will be added and mixed
thoroughly. In the set-up, the amount of water
that was used was about 30 liters, and 75 mL of
Snap A solution was diluted. After ensuring that
the first solution had been mixed in the water,
another 75 mL of the other solution, Snap B, was
mixed in the water.
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TYPE OF CROP USED

CELERY

Celery belongs to the Apiaceae Family along

with carrots, parsley, parsnips, and celeriac.
The vegetable's crunchy stalks make it a well-
liked low-calorie snack and it offers different
health advantages (Kubala, 2019).
Celery is grown as a cool-season crop in which
it grows with a temperature ranging from 15
to 21 degree Celsius with a humidity of 98 to
100 percent. It requires a full amount of
sunlight for optimal growth ensuring that it
will receive direct sunlight for at least 6 to 10
hours.
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TYPE OF CROP USED

CELERY

This crop thrives in fertile soil having a pH

value between 6 to 7. It should have at least 1
to 3 inches of water per week as consistent
moisture is a crucial factor since it has shallow
roots that are sensitive to drought. However,
the crop should not have a waterlogged soil
that leads to stress and other diseases.
Proper spacing at around 15 to 30 cm is
needed to allow the plant to fully develop and
grow. Regular inspection of this crop is
needed due to the fact that it can be
susceptible to pests and diseases.
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CELERY
OPTIMUM PARAMETERS
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ARDUINO-BASED
MONITORING
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
Environmental parameters monitored
temperature
humidity
SYSTEM
light intensity
Arduino-based sensors
DHT
photoresistor

In controlling the microclimate temperature of the

celery, an LED light was inputted to indicate that the
temperature exceeded the optimum temperature for
celery. This sends a signal for when the plastic
covering will be opened to provide ventilation and
lower the temperature.
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ADDITIONAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT/ MATERIALS

PLASTIC FRAME COVERING

The dimension of the plastic frame covering has a

height of 108 cm, a length of 130 cm, and a width
of 74 cm. This plastic frame covering is made up
of thick plastic sheets, which serve as a glazing
material. This frame is used in controlling and
modifying the environment of the celery plant.
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ADDITIONAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT/ MATERIALS

GROW LIGHTS

Grow lights are important for hydroponics and

indoor growing because they provide the light
energy required for photosynthesis.
The grow light is open for 10 hours, which
meets the light requirement for indoor
cultivation of celery. Also, the grow light is
placed 4 cm above the highest celery plant,
and it is manually adjusted to fit the required
spacing of the grow light for celery. This will
avoid tip burning and overexposure to celery.
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ADDITIONAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT/ MATERIALS

DIGITAL TIMER/ AUTOMATIC PLUG TIMER

A digital timer or automatic plug timer was used

as the automation switch for grow lights. This
digital timer was used to automatically turn
off/and on the grow lights in the setup. The time
was set up from 8:00 PM to 6:00 AM.
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DATA OBSERVED
The gathering of data and observation started last January 13, 2024, and ended on January 24,
2024. Meanwhile, the data recorded from the Arduino monitoring circuit was recorded from
January 14, 2024, at 7:30 AM to January 25, 2024, at 8:00 PM. The recording of measurements of
height and number of stems of celery each day was conducted every 8:00 PM when the grow
lights were opened every, while closed at 6:00 AM each day.

Furthermore, phototropism was observed in the plants upon conducting the project. The leaves
of the plants were following the direction of the light emitted by the grow lights. It can also be
observed that not all the plants receive the same amount of light, the plants placed at the
center get more light. In terms of the recording of light intensity using a photoresistor, there
might be some discrepancies due to shading brought by the leaves.
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HEIGHT OF THE CELERY

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NUMBER OF STEMS
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TEMPERATURE
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RELATIVE HUMIDITY
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TEMPERATURE VS. RELATIVE HUMIDITY

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LIGHT INTENSITY
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CHALLENGES
SELECTION OF PROPER MATERIALS

USAGE OF OTHER SENSORS WITH HIGH ACCURACY

MORE AUTOMATION AND INSTRUIMENTATION

IMPROVEMENTS INSTALLATION OF FANS

USE OF HUMIDIFIERS
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DAILY GROWTH OF CELERY

DAY 1 DAY 2
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DAILY GROWTH OF CELERY

DAY 3 DAY 4
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DAILY GROWTH OF CELERY

DAY 5 DAY 6
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DAILY GROWTH OF CELERY

DAY 7 DAY 8
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DAILY GROWTH OF CELERY

DAY 9 DAY 10
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DAILY GROWTH OF CELERY

DAY 11 DAY 12
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CONCLUSION