XIII

BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology

Faculty of Textile Engineering
Thesis No. ------------------

“Project/Thesis Title”

Submitted by:

Name of Student/s and (ID)

Supervisor

Name of Supervisor

Supervisor‟s Designation

This Internship Report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of B.Sc. /
M.Sc. in Textile Engineering in the Faculty of Textile Engineering of BGMEA University of Fashion
and Technology (BUFT).

Date/Month/Year of Submission
 XIV

Master / Bachelor of Science Thesis (Thesis No. --------------------------------------)

“Project/Thesis Title”

By

Name of Student and ID

Master / Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering

Duration

From Date/Month/Year to Date/Month/Year

Examination Committee:

Examiner 1(Supervisor): Prof. Dr. Engr. Abu Bakr. Siddique Signature:

Examiner 2: ….………………………………………………..………………Signature:

Examiner 3: …………………….…………………………………..…………Signature:

Department of Textile Engineering (TE).

Date: / /
 XV

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

I/We hereby confirm that

"………………………………………………………………………………………….." submitted by me /us
and it is our own research work.
I/We am/are the author/s of the written work here enclosed and that I/We have compiled it in my own words.
Parts excepted are corrections of form and content by the
Supervisor. With my/our signature I/We confirm that
- I/We have committed none of the forms of plagiarism described in the „Citation etiquette‟ information
sheet.
- I/We have documented all methods, data, and processes truthfully.
- I/We have not manipulated any data.
- I/We have mentioned all persons who were significant facilitators of the work.
- I/We am/are aware that the work may be screened electronically for plagiarism.

Student/s ID, Name and Signature(s) Date and place

 XVI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this thesis work entitled

"………………………………………………………………………………………….." submitted by
Mr/Ms. Name of Student and ID is an authentic thesis work carried out under my supervision and
guidance and for the purpose of fulfilling the standard requirement for the partial fulfillment of the
degree of Master / Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering. The work embodied in this thesis has
not been submitted elsewhere for a
degree.______________________________________________________

Prof. Dr. Engr. Abu Bakr. Siddique (Supervisor) Signature, date and place:
 XVII

Abstract

The font of the entire document is to be „Times New Roman‟ size 12 (1.5 line space), regular,
justified except for headings, page setup (Top1'' , Bottom1'' , Left1'' , Right1'' ).

Keywords:
 XVIII

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

(Write acknowledgment here. Use Times New Roman 12, Italic, justified, 1.5 line spaced).

I would like to thank Honorable Founder Chairman, Board of Trustees, Mr. Muzaffar U. Siddique,
BUFT, for not only for his tremendous academic support, but also for giving me/us so many
wonderful opportunities and logistic supports to do this project.

Special thank goes to my/our enthusiastic Prof. Dr. S.M. Mahfuzur Rahman, Vice Chancellor, BUFT
and Prof. Dr. Engr. Ayu Nabi Khan, Pro Vice Chancellor, BUFT, who so generously inspired &
contributed to do this type of project work.

Special thanks go to my enthusiastic supervisor, Name of Supervisor. It has been an amazing

experience and I/we thank him/her wholeheartedly, not only for his/her tremendous academic support,
but also for giving me so many wonderful opportunities.

Similar, profound gratitude goes to HOD (Name with position)), who has been a truly dedicated
mentor.

I/we would like to extend thanks to all of persons, who contributed to the work presented in this
project. Specially I/we have to mention the name of Lab Personnel Mr./Mrs-

Finally, thanks go to some technical persons (mention their names) and Lab-Men/Women for almost
unbelievable support.
 XIX
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Number

Cover page i
Title page ii
Certificate iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Abbreviations vi
List of Tables viii
List of figures ix
References
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Statements of the Research

Chapter 2. Literature Review

Chapter 3. Technical Realization and stand of the research.

Chapter 4. Problems and solutions

4.1. Background and present state of the problem:

Chapter 5. Objectives

5.1.Objectives with specific aims and possible outcome:

Chapter 6. Materials and Methodology

6.1. Outline of Methodology/Experimental Design:

Chapter 7. Experimental Works (if any)

Chapter 8. Results and Discussions

Chapter 9. Findings & Innovative Ideas

Chapter 10. Conclusions and Recommendations

References
 XX
LIST OF TABLES

List of Tables viii

Table Number Page

Table 2.1 8

Table 2.2 9

Table 2.3 10

Table 3.1 13

Table 3.2 14
 XXI
List of figures

Figure Number Page

Fig 2.1 8

Fig 2.2 9

Fig 2.3 10

Fig 3.1 13

Fig 3.2 14
 XXII
List of abbreviations

abbreviation designation dimension

a Hairiness distance from the package cross-sectional [mm]
A area [mm²]
AG Abrasion [%]
b Warp width [cm]
B. Degree of sizing [%]
BE Sizing unit
Bw cotton
BWM Ribbon loom
BMBF Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BSB Biological oxygen demand [mg / l O2]
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand [mg / l O2]
CMC Carboxymethyl cellulose
CMS carboxymethylated starch
CMCTS Carboxymethylchitosan
CTS Chitosan
DIN German Institute for Standardization V.
DSC Differential Scannin Calorimeter
df Film diameter [µm]
THERE Degree of acetylation [%]
DD Degree of deacetylation [%]
 Roughening [Pa / 30cm]
D. Speed gradient [1 / s]
 Dynamic elongation [%]
E. Deflection of the middle scrubbing pin of the scrubbing device
EN European Standard
FA Fleet intake [%]
Company A Lauffenmühle GmbH
Company B Company Gebr. Elmer & Zweifel GmbH & Co.
FMFH Maximum film pull [cN]
FMRH Maximum tensile strength of the film [N / mm²]
Maximum tensile elongation of the film [%]
FMFB Breaking strength of the film [N]
FMRB Breaking strength of the film [N / mm²]
Elongation at break of the film [%]
FMM Middle module of the film [N / mm²]
FSD Fiber / sizing elongation [Fd / cm]
FSA Fiber / sizing work [%]
 XXIII

abbreviation designation dimension

Fg Thread tension [cN]
FK Fiber-specific adhesive strength [cN]
GB Yarn assignment in the reed [%]
f Scrubbing frequency [1 / min]
Fb Dyes
Gt Dry matter of the unsized raw yarn [G]
GFH Maximum tensile strength of the yarn [N]
GRH Yarn strength [N / mm²]
Gz cyclic force of the yarn [N]
GPC Gel permeation chromatography
MR Hairiness
ISO International Standard Organization
ITV Institute for Textile and Process Engineering
ITCF Institute for Textile Chemistry and Chemical Fibers
K Liquor concentration [%]
KD Force-strain curve
KR Liquor concentration, measured with the refractometer [%]
Kf Product-specific correction factor [%]
KM Compression microscope
lb Wetting length [mm]
MTT 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide [%]
MMV Molar mass distribution
MW molar mass [Da / kDa]
M.cts Molar mass of chitosan [Da / kDa]
M.ctn Molar mass of chitin [Da / kDa]
Nm Yarn count (metric number) [km / g]
PAC Polyacrylate
PES Polyester (polyethylene terephthalate)
PAM Mixture of polyvinyl alcohol and acrylate
PP Polypropylene
PEG Polyethylene glycol
PVA Polyvinyl alcohol
Q Delivery rate of the sizing liquor [ml / min]
QST Quick Size Tester
rLF relative humidity [%]
RH Relative Humidity [%]
R. Yarn roughness [Pa / 30cm]
 Roughening [Pa / 30cm]
SME Web simulation unit
ST1 (A / E) Number of abrasion cycles until postponement occurs or
Fatigue on the first thread; A-deferment, E-fatigue
ST6 (A / E) Number of abrasion cycles until postponement occurs or
Sixth thread fatigue; A deferment,E-fatigue
 XXIV

abbreviation designation dimension

SEC Size exclusion chromatography
SFD Weft density [Fd / cm]
STR Starch size
SF Mass of the sizing liquor [%]
ST Dry matter of the size [%]
SICAM SIZE CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEM
TOC Total organic carbons [mg / l]
TS Dry matter [%]
T Liquor temperature / sizing temperature [° C]
TELECOLL Product name from Sucker-Müller-Hacoba, D-Mönchengladbach,
Germany
tex Yarn count [g / km]
Day Glass transition temperature of the polymer [° C]
TK Separation force during weaving (tendency to clasp) [cN / Fd]
Tm Melt transition temperature (melting point) of the polymer [° C]
Item Decomposition temperature of the polymer [° C]
v Yarn speed [m / min]
VE Pre-net unit
VE water Completely desalinated water
WL-CTS water soluble chitosan
XRD X-Ray Diffraction

Symbols designation dimension

 Friction angle (wrap angle in radians) [°]
 Contact angle [°]
 Surface energy [mN / m]
σL Surface tension of liquids [mN / m]
sl Interfacial tension [mN / m]
σS Surface tension of solids [mN / m]
 Dynamic liquor viscosity [mPa.s]
 Density of the sizing liquor [g / cm³]
 X-ray wavelength Å
 intensity (Counts /
S)
 Cyclic stretching [%]
 Loss angle between cyclic force and strain [radian]
 Angular frequency [1 / min]
 Coefficient of friction
 XXV

Chapter 1: Introduction

1. This chapter will include the expected broader impact of the thesis work. From where the problem
was started and how the researcher elected this problem.
Not more than 100 words.
The introduction describes the research problem or research question and lays out the reasoning behind
it. This reasoning is sometimes called a theoretical argument. It justifies the study, in terms of a need for
the information it will provide, in order to develop or test a theory or to understand, explain, or further
describe an educational phenomenon. Refer to the APA manual for additional information about the
introduction.

1.1 General description of the areas of concern – set the stage (3-4 paragraphs).
1.2 Significance of the Problem a. Include explicit statement of significance specific to the topic
studied. b. Why is it important to conduct the study? c. This section will probably not be very long
but it should be very powerful! d. What theoretical/practical reasons are there for wanting to know
the answers to the research questions?
1.3 Analyze the Theoretical Basis for the Study
a. The organization of the variables that will be considered to answer the research questions
likely will have a theoretical basis. Explicate how the most appropriate theoretical perspective
helps conceptualize the study. Competing theoretical perspectives should be analyzed in Chapter
2 Literature Review.
b. Include theoretical definitions of important terms and all constructs (should not include
operational definitions that will appear in the methods section).
1.4 Synthesize and Critically Analyze the “Very Relevant Literature”
a. Make the argument for the dissertation using the “studies in the existing literature that
incorporate all the major variables or constructs that are present in the proposed study”
(Rudestam & Newton, 2001, p. 63). Figure 4.1 (Rudestam & Newton, 2001, p. 64) provides a
visual conceptualization of relevance of literature.
 XXVI repeating the
b. This may require examining the intersection of only a subset of variables and
process with another subset of variables because the literature does not have all variables
incorporated in extant research.
1.5 Problem Statement
a. State the purpose of the research explicitly and succinctly.
b. The introduction should lead up to and provide support for the problem statement

1.6. Objectives
Objectives with specific aims and possible outcome:
Please list the objective(s) and the possible outcomes using short sentences. If you are writing
one or two paragraphs for describing the objectives and the outcomes please limit yourself within
150 words.

Chapter 3: Literature Review

This chapter reviews what has already been written in the field on the topic of the research. The
literature cited should support the theoretical argument being made and demonstrate that the author has a
grasp of the major ideas and findings that pertain to his or her topic. Refer to APA manual for additional
information concerning literature reviews.
1. Historical Background
 Put things in perspective. This is more than just a chronology and does not necessarily have to
include every detail since day one.
 What are the major issues, controversies, etc. that impact your study. Include background on all
relevant variables.
2. Theory Relevant to Research Questions
 What theoretical models/perspectives inform your research?
 Compare and contrast competing theories and justify the theoretical foundation of the
dissertation.
 Describe how the theoretical foundation of the dissertation applies to the problem.
3. Current Empirical Literature Relevant to Research Questions
  XXVI
Include in this section: i. literature relating to individual variables ii. literature relating to specific
I
combination of relevant to the thesis.
 This should be more than a listing of studies. What common thread holds them together? Use
transitions to effectively tie one section with another.
 Incorporate discussion of strengths/weaknesses of methodology in previous studies and which
you are building on/hoping to avoid/improve upon in your study.
4. Use headings and subheadings liberally to organize this section. Consider making a “concept map” of
relevant literature for organizational purposes (do not include in the dissertation text, however). This
section should be reflective of deductive reasoning; starting broadly and narrowing the focus as the
chapter progresses
2. Technical Realization and stand of the research.

Chapter 4: Problems and solutions

Background and present state of the problem:
Not more than 150 words. Please mention only those activities which have been carried out in different
places as reported in publications. Please support your information by citing the relevant references.

Chapter 5: Materials and Methodology

Outline of Methodology/Experimental Design:
Outline the approach and the sequence of activities in not more than 200 words to describe how the
work will be carried out.

Chapter 6: Experimental Works

(if any)……………………..............................
 XXVI
II
Chapter 7: Results and Discussions
This chapter presents the results of the analyses, usually in order by research question, and any results of
further analyses (that is, analyses that were not proposed but which were carried out). Results should be
presented without interpretation; interpretation is reserved for the discussion in chapter V. Refer to APA
manual for additional information concerning methods sections.

Chapter 8: Findings & Innovative Ideas

Results are interpreted in light of the research questions and discussed in conjunction with other
literature. Limitations of interpretation and implications for further research may be presented. Refer to
APA manual for additional information concerning methods sections.

Chapter 9: Conclusions and Recommendations

 Organize this section with headings
 Explicitly discuss the implications of the results. Integrate your results with the theoretical
background and very relevant literature findings.
 Relate to literature review - point out (a) consistencies and (b) inconsistencies with results of
those studies reported in the literature cited.
 Did findings provide support or differ from extant theoretical positions.
 It is appropriate to speculate on the meaning of the results as long as it is made explicit that that
is what the writer is doing.
Recommendations for Future Research
a. Provide specific guidance based on the dissertation finds and they relate to the extant theoretical
and empirical base.
b. Why is the proposed research needed and what form should it take.
 XXIX

Chapter 10: References

Give only the references which you have indicated in the item 7 (Background and present state of the
problem). While giving the references you must mention clearly the author, title of the paper, name of
the journal/proceeding. Vol. no.,Year of publication etc. in the standard style.

For example:

1. Fei Liu, X., Lin Guan, Y., Zhi Yang, D., Li, Z., & De Yao, K. (2001). Antibacterial action of
chitosan and carboxymethylated chitosan. Journal of applied polymer science, 79(7), 1324-1335.
2. Li, Q., Dunn, E. T., Grandmaison, E. W., & Goosen, M. F. (1992). Applications and properties
of chitosan. Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, 7(4), 370-397.
3. Goosen, M. F. (Ed.). (1996). Applications of Chitan and Chitosan. CRC Press.

Common Instructions

All main headings in Times New Roman font size 14, bold.

All the text in Times New Roman font size 12, regular, justified & in 1.5-line spacing format.
 XXX

All figures should be centrally aligned with captions at bottom of figure.

Fig 2.1: Model

Table Style: All tables should be centrally aligned with captions at the top as sample given below:

Table 2.1: xyz

Equations Style: All equations should be centrally aligned with proper numbering. Use Microsoft Word

Equation Editor.

E.g. V = IR (2.1)
 XXXI

ANNEXURE

Annexure (if any) should be placed at the end of project.

HARD COPY

INFORMATION:

Page Size: Letter (8.5” x 11”)

Page Margins: Top & Bottom = 1” and Left & Right 1.25” Page
Orientation: Portrait

Line Spacing: One and half

Page Numbering: Bottom Center

Printing: One Side

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Note about Binding:

Five hard bound copies of the project report are to be submitted for final examination. Hard bound
means permanently stitched and bound in BLACK COVER with the title of the project report
and your name clearly inscribed on the cover as per format given at the first page of the template.