2110812028, 23:22 Niinol:An Emerging Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) - Technology Times AE -PAKISTAN AFRICA CHINA EUROPE MALAYSIA USA WORLD ARTICLES SECTIONS ~ ARTICLE SUBMISSION [paper EssayCon 2022 Result Sponsored Content About Us Contact Us fvyoos Peon LGEv wow technotogytimes pk [itinok: An Emerging Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) (5 way26,2021 & Arslon Atmos = AB2Vnws researc, Tecnology R 7 minvoas Fem Ym Oona 66 stents to high-level aerospace applications by NASA Nitinol an emerging Shape memory material employed in basic cardiovascular By Muhammad Mubeen *& Arsalan Ahmad * shape Memory Alloys (SMA) or metalic (memory) materials as the name implies are Teste Sem famous because they remember their shape, due to thermos-elastic and mechanical (martensitic) phase transformations on an atomic level. These alloys have superiority in terms of large recoverable strain and exert continuous force during applications, 2, Mistorial Background: ‘The first shape memory alley was discovered by Ame Olander in the year 1922, and Nitinol was prepared by Buheler and Wiley at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory (suffix of “nol" inthe alloy name) in 1860. After discovery until a decade, commercialization of Nitinol alloy was not possible due dificult of meting, processing, and fabrication of the material 3. Nitinol Nickel+ttanium alloy named Ntinot is « remarkably advanced shape memory material, belongs tothe class of intermetallic aquiatoric binary alloys of Nii group as demonstrated in Figure. tis a tamil of tRanium-based alloys that contain @ nearly equal ‘amount of nickel and titanium (50-50%), has great potential for use in automotive, cerospace, biomedical and even civil engineering applications. thos proven tobe the tips: technologytimes.pk/2021/05/26initinal-an-emerging-shape-memory-aloy-smal 12110812028, 23:22 Niinol:An Emerging Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) - Technology Times 4B PAKISTAN AFRICA CHINA EUROPE MALAYSIA. USA RL ARTICLES SECTIONS ~ ARTICLE SUBMISSI IyvuKIoM 27 sro DAY — — 24 Figures: Temperature-based different unit geometries of Nitirol 4, Commercial Availability of Nitino! As shown in Figure2,Nitinol components are available in various forms including wires, tubes, shoots, folls and springs in various standards either in machined or processed conditions London Business School Names ‘op 10 MENA Startups ¢ J x (2 Sapernoer27. 2028 & abdulaoen ms ) Y Figure2: Basic Ntinol-bosed Components 5, Phase Diagrams and Metallographic Features extensive tee-ronth selection veruitrsnynipmamtrteaonae enue SS SN in Figure, The 82 phase ragion is known to be very nctrow at « temperature Delow 973K (649.85°C). tis generally accepted that the 82 phase region is only between 50 and 50.5, “ atomic percentage of nickel. if nickel content is higher than 50.5 atomic percent, then the ‘Alchemy Acquires Blockchain Indexing Startup Satsuma ailoy wil decompose during cooling below 973K (588.850) to other products ie TiNiand -—«MGEAMRSUarWp Satsuma, | TiN. Whi TiN and Tei, ae ntormectato phases formed during transtormations.Inthe _narseaa central pat ofthe phate diagram, where TINi transforms to monocinic (B18) martensitic phase and an important alloy formed in this regime is called by the specie name of “Nitro For the titanium-rieh side, the equlbrium phase is TI2NI ond TH. The see conn comes metallographic structures ot Ni alloy (0°50) os shown inFigure3, represents “dencites’ ator Mackchomn mfartructure observed under magnification of 200x at room temperature. provider, Alchemy, nas recently Blockehain intastructure provider, ‘Alenemy, nas recently competes the tips: technologytimes.pk/2021/05/26initinal-an-emerging-shape-memory-aloy-smal 28270912028, 23:22 Niinol:An Emerging Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) - Technology Times PAKISTAN. AFRICA CHINA EUROPE MALAYSIA USA fie os Figure: Partial phase diagrarn (Left) of Nckel-titanium from 45% Nito 59% Ni (Upper Right) & (Lower Right) Microscopic illustrations of phoses, 6. Properties: ‘The most unique properties of Nitinol are following: +. Shape Memory effec (SME) 2 Superetasticity 1. Shape Memory Effect (SME}: ‘The shape memory property allows this metal to “remember its otiginal shape and can recover it when heated above its transformation temperature. happens due to the lssimilarties in erystal structures of nickel and titanium Figure. 4 depicts the mechanism. In this case, the parent austenite phase is stable above austenite finish temperature (4) ‘ond when it's coo! to @ temperature below the martensite finish temperature (M,), it transforms to difusionless twinned oriented martensitic phase. For the shape memory effect, the material isin a martensitic state at test temperature, in general When an external force is applied, martensite changes to detwinned martensite. Upon removal of the force, the material ramains in its detwinned martensitic state, When we hect this ‘material above the austenite finish temperature (a1), reverse transformation accurs from etwinned or deformation-induced martensite to parent phase and the original shape is recovered back. This all mechanism is named as the shape memory effect (SME).1n th ‘caso of SME, heating above the austenite transformation tomporatures is a must to recover the original shape. tips: technologytimes.pk/2021/05/26initinal-an-emerging-shape-memory-aloy-smal mined Senreders abservations about nuclear energy cre that “its nat only scolable but much cleaner os omits just 10-15 Energy Experts: Limiting Global ‘Warming To 1.5 Degrees Celsius Stil Possible Septem 27.2028 & Hoo Bdloen lexs erooutive Dractor Fath Sol stressed the urgency tor governments to prio ction over geopolitical Politics & G77+China Summit In Cuba ‘Advocates For New Global Order 1H 2minvead United Notions Secretory-General Antonia Guteresjoined over 20, head of stave and government rom Aico, Asia, and Latin America at Ya Federal Minister For Overseas Pakistanis & HRO Visits COMSATS 27,2023. & GuestDesk HO min 38270912028, 23:22 Niinol:An Emerging Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) - Technology Times “Tm, SRS appli FB panistan o Detwinned removed Ae aed Bs Heat o Cont © Twine vinta Figure. 4: Mechanism of SME at a temperature below M, (a) Martensite ot the test temperature. (b) Detwinned martensite upon application of stress. (¢) Detwinned ‘martensite upon removal of stress. (d) Austenite upon heating above 4, (2) Martensite Lupon cooling below M, (test temperature). 1 Superelasticity: The term Superelasticty is sometimes olso known as “pseudoelastcity’. Nitinol depicts extraordinary elasticity which fs opprox.I1to 33 times more than that of an ordinary metal In this cose, the test temperatures are well above the austenitic finish temperature or in between the austenite start (A) and austerite finish (A) temperatures and the materi! is examined in an austenitic state atthe test temperature. When force is applied, this ousterite transforms to stress-induced martensite. However, this type of martensite is, stable only under the application of stress, and when the stress is removed, the material reverts to austenite, as represented in Figures. In the case of superelastcity, heating is not required to recover the original shope os martensite in this case is stable only under the pplication of stress. tips: technologytimes.pk/2021/05/26initinal-an-emerging-shape-memory-aloy-smal Development Honorable Said Hussain Tur, pole an offical visto 48270912028, 23:22 Niinol:An Emerging Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) - Technology Times pans Austenite Stress applied (b) Stress induced martensite Stress removed Austenite Figure. &: Mechanism of superelosticity ata temperature above A; (6) Austenite atthe test temperature, (b) stress-induced martensite upon application of stress, (¢) Austente upon removal of stress. 7. Manufacturing and Fabrication Techniques: Several methods can be used in the manufacture and fabrication of Nitinol or nickel- titanium alloys, +. Manufacture: 1. Vacuum Meking Methods 2. Hot Working + Cold working +. Vacuum Melting Methods: Nitinol ingots are metted by using one of the vacuum melting methods or a combination Tks: +.-Vacuum Induction melting (IM) 2. Vacuum arc remektingimelting (VARIVAM) 5 Electron beam meting (€8M) 4. Plasma Arc Melting PAM) In general, due to the high reactivity of titanium, vacuurn melting methods are preferred, However, nert atmospheres can also be utlized effectively 1. Hot Working: Nitinol ingots are generally hot worked in the temperature range of 700°C to 800°C as the successive stage in the process of wire, sheet or bar formation. For this purpose, diferent processes can be employed like: tips: technologytimes.pk/2021/05/26initinal-an-emerging-shape-memory-aloy-smal 58270912028, 23:22 Niinol:An Emerging Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) - Technology Times FB panistan 3. ar Roling 4. Rotary Forging {although alloys do not react readily with air, cannot be hot worked.) + Cold Working: The most common method for cold working of Nitnol alloy is wire drawing that yields diameters as small as 0.05mm with superior surfaces. although, work hardening happens instantly and constant heat treatment (annealing) is often needed. Proper heat treatment can reduce the deformation or residual stresses. ase Cutting 2. Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) 3, Welding A.Joining 5. Machining 6. Coating and lating 8. Applications of Nitin: There are lots of applications in which Nitinol material can be used. Some of the most Useable are mentioned below: 1 Biomedical Applications +. Cardiovascular coronary stents 2. Orthodontic are wires |. Guided vir in Erdoscapes 4 Bone fixation 6 ruil organs ie. kidney, heat pump Industrial Applications 1. Model heat engines 2. Temperature controling devices 3, Mechanical watch spring [Ninol Sheets for punching stamping and deep drawing + other Applications 1 Eyeglass frames Sele-pending spoons Inser for golf cubs ‘Advantages & Limitations: + Advantages: Bic-compaubiliy is superior ‘Te diverse field of application {Good mechanical propertes +. Limitations: Too Expensive Difficult processing and fabrication Poor fatigue properties +. Conclusions: tips: technologytimes.pk/2021/05/26initinal-an-emerging-shape-memory-aloy-smal2110812028, 23:22 Niinol:An Emerging Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) - Technology Times PE PAKISTAN. AFRICA CHINA EUROPE MALAYSIA USA WORLD ARTICLES SECTIONS» ARTICLESUBM today’s and future needs ofthis advanced emerging material. As the use of this magic metal becomes more widespread, the industry is facing many challenges regarding ‘advanced applications that test the capability and superiority ofthe material. The chemical composition of Nitinol should carefully be controlled during processing (melting), i's a key to improve fatigue life, The unique properties of the material make it suitable for various superior applications scripted above ond make it @ desirable choice for product designers! material engineers whose design ambitions would probably be limited without the versatilty of such kind of materials Muhammad Mubeen'& Arsalan Ahmad * "Institute of Advanced Materials Banouddin Zakariya University, Bosan rood 60800 Muttan, Pakistan fw Oued wh You May Also Like Govt Urged To Stop Dental fects Of Pesticides Mercury Amalgam Use COrganophosphate On Health USF Awards OFC Contracts ‘Worth PKR 3 Billion For Singh 5 vanuary 202 PAS To Award Scientists For NSF Awards Researcher For MBZUAI And WIS Agrees To Contributions In Scientific Using Facial Expressions In Al Sign An Agreement On Al Research 6 octets 2020 Tools (2 onary 8 2021 3 sepsemboris 2020 Leave a Reply ‘You must be logged in to post @ comment important Links ‘Aves Agricuture CHING Climate coronavirus covid-19 br ENEFGY Food goning scope NEAth indy Innovation NEWS PAKIStanN era PICL Punjab FESEATCH toveocnars ee SCIENCE Scientists SECtOF Security sevice: st sean tol Souter space soe startup stance Students eystem Tech technstoges TECANO|OGY teecom rene traning World tips: technologytimes.pk/2021/05/26initinal-an-emerging-shape-memory-aloy-smal 718270912028, 23:22 Niinol:An Emerging Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) - Technology Times PE PAKISTAN. 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