The future of waste management in smart and sustainable cities

Behzad Esmaeilian, Ben Wang, Kemper Lewis, Fabio Duarte, Carlo Ratti, Sara Behdad, The future of waste management in smart and
sustainable cities: A review and concept paper, Waste Management, Volume 81, 2018, Pages 177-195, ISSN 0956-053X

A significant issue that requires further study in academic research is the potential of smart
cities to address environmental issues in general and trash management in particular. This study, which
is based on an integrated evaluation of the literature, provides information about the potential of linked
communities and smart cities to support waste management initiatives. The suggested framework
emphasizes the need of integrating waste management methods to the entire product life-cycle and the
utility of product lifecycle data in reducing waste and improving trash recovery. It has been stated how
tracking and data-sharing technologies have been used to look into waste management problems.
Finally, the implementation success criteria for the suggested framework have been examined, along
with some ideas for potential future study topics. As we experience the fourth industrial revolution and
the emergent infrastructure and capabilities afforded by Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Blockchain
technology, and the Internet of Things, the role of technology becomes increasingly crucial (IoT).

Industry 4.0, smart factories, and other smart systems including smart buildings, security
systems, data centers, and medical systems are all built on the foundation of CPS, a new class of
designed systems that offers coordination between physical and computational infrastructures (Khaitan
and McCalley, 2015). A new networking paradigm known as IoT is emerging where connections between
all kinds of physical entities would be enabled over the internet. If the networking functionalities
provided by the internet are added to CPS (Han et al., 2013). Additionally, the ability to create a
decentralized public ledger provided by Blockchain technology makes it easier for system users to share
information and creates the foundation for new transparent business models. The Internet of Things is
anticipated to alter urban planning and future cities, much like other constructed systems. With the
introduction of the terms "smart city" (SC), first used in early 1990 (Gibson et al., 1992), and most
recently "City 2.0," the influence of technology and innovation on urban development was brought to
light. One definition offered by (Caragliu et al., 2011) is similar to sustainable development and suggests
that a city is smart when the goal of investing in cyber-infrastructure is to foster sustainable economic
growth, the better quality of life, and efficient management of natural resources. Various definitions and
dimensions have been provided for a smart city (Albino et al., 2015).

There is agreement on what defines a sustainable city and what defines a smart city, with a
smart city being defined not just by its smart infrastructure but also by how well it supports the goals of
sustainable development. For instance, the development of waste is an issue that modern civilizations
are experiencing rapidly, especially in urban areas that are expanding. There aren't many research that
have covered SC waste management procedures. In order to introduce a data-driven model for waste
management practices in SCs considering the circular economy concept, this study will first evaluate the
relevant studies.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.09.047