Development of Transportation in Bangladesh

The word transportation stands for moving from one place to another or
transferring something from one place to another. There are basically, 3 ways of
transportation:

1. Transportation by Road,

2. Transportation by Sea or river,

3. Transportation by Air.

For different transportation we use different kinds of vehicle, such as: for small
distance we use bicycle or rickshaw, for faster motor used 2 to 4 wheel vehicle. In
river boat, ships etc. By air there are lots of aircrafts to use. In Bangladesh there are
lots of transportation systems. Starting from cow cart to big aircrafts lots of verities
we can see. Recently, there is more development in transportation of Bangladesh.
Lots of culverts are made as well as new vehicle is added which is known as Metro
Rail. Dhaka metro rail is a high-speed transport system in Dhaka. It was developed
by Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited (DMTCL). In 2013 the project of metro
rail was taken. The project was taken for reducing the massive traffic problem and
traffic congestion in the overpopulated Dhaka metropolis. Together with a
proposed subway system it is expected to reduce traffic congestion in the city. It is
part of the Strategic Transport Plan outlined by the Dhaka Transport Coordination
Authority (DTCA). The network is planned to contain six lines, with the first
section of MRT Line 6 commencing commercial operations on 29 December 2022,
and the other lines being either in planning or under construction. The construction
of MRT Line 6's second section is scheduled to be completed during 2023. The
third phase, which will have an interchange with Line 1, Line 2 and Line 4, is set
to be completed by 2026. Further expansion of MRT Line 6 is planned, with the
hope of extending it towards Tongi in Gazipur metropolitan and Savar Upazila.
The Government of Bangladesh invited the Japan International Cooperation
Agency to carry out a primary survey and feasibility assessment on the transport
system of Dhaka in 2009-2010 as part of an effort to implement Dhaka's 20-year-
long Strategic Transport Plan. The project received approval from the National
Economic Council's Executive Committee in 2012. In January 2013, the Japanese
International Cooperation Agency and the Bangladeshi government signed a
financial arrangement. The organization in charge of putting the first metro line
into operation, Dhaka Mass Transit Company Limited, was established in January
2013. The NKDM Association served as the General Consultant and began work in
February 2014. The Government established the Dhaka Mass Transit Company
Limited in June 2013 to implement the Metro Rail Lines throughout the city. On
February 20, 2013, the Government of Bangladesh and the Japan International
Cooperation Agency agreed to a $2.8 billion building contract for the MRT Line-6.
On June 26, 2016, Sheikh Hasina, the prime minister, officiated at an inauguration
ceremony to officially kick off construction. The Italian-Thai Development Public
business Ltd. and China's Sino hydro Corporation Ltd. JV performed the civil
engineering work, and a Tokyo-based construction business built the depot's site.
Eight packages of construction work, including topics such depots, stations, and
rolling stock, were created. The Metro Rail was scheduled to open by the end of
2019 when construction started in 2016. This expectation was upheld by 2018;
nevertheless, phase one's completion was postponed to December 2021 by 2019.
By December 2020, the second phase was supposed to be finished in 2018.
Ultimately, these dates were postponed, with phase one projected to open in 2022
and phase two anticipated to open in 2023. The COVID-19 pandemic was a major
factor in the delays from 2020 to 2022. The project's initial cost was Tk 219,850
million, but it was later raised to Tk 334,720 million, an increase of Tk 114,870,
even though the entire project hasn't been finished yet. The first road, which was
originally intended to begin in Uttara in northern Dhaka and conclude in
Sayedabad in the capital's south, was subsequently extended north to Uttara and cut
off in Motijheel. The length has been extended by 1.16 km to 21.26 km (13.21 mi),
from the original 20.10 km (12.49 mi). Originally, 16 stations were intended, but
17 stations have been added. An underground metro train line measuring 27
kilometers (17 mi) was initially described as the project. Later, it was established
that the project involved elevated and underground metro rail. It was stated that 56
trains would operate on the metro system in 2014. The MRT Line-6 will indeed
have 24 vehicles operating on it. Six lines were intended to be present. On August
29, 2021, the MRT Line-6 train had its first trip. It headed to Mirpur 12 from
Diabari Depot. On November 29, 2021, it completed its second run successfully.
From Uttara, it made its way to Mirpur 10. On December 12, 2021, the line's train
completed its longest trial run. It made its way to Agargaon from Uttara. The
length of the train was 11.3 km (7.0 mi). It traveled 9 km (5.6 mi) at 100 km/h
before descending to 15-20 km (9.3-12.4 mph) for the rest. The MRT-1 line
building project received approval on October 15, 2019. From the airport to
Kamalapur and from Nabunbazar to Purbachal, a total of 31.24 kilometers of metro
rail will be built as part of the MRT-1 project. This project is expected to cost a
total of 52 thousand 561 crores. The Japanese government will contribute 39
thousand 450 crore taka toward this, with government money covering the
remaining 13 thousand 111 crore taka. From the airport to Kamalapur, the MRT-1
project will be 16.21 km by subway, and from Kuril to Purbachal Depot, it will be
11.36 km by air. From New Bazar to Kuril, a 31.24 km railway line will be built,
as well as a 3.65 km subterranean transition line. There will be 12 underground
stations on this metro rail and 7 flyover stations. The nation's first underground
metro rail will be MRT Line-1. By air, the distance from New Bazar to Pitalganj
Depot will be 11.37 kilometers, and it might be finished by 2028. As a result, it
takes only about 20 minutes to get from New Bazaar to Pitalganj. MRT Line-2,
which will run from Gabtali to Chittagong Road and be around 24 km in length
overall by 2030, will be built on a PPP basis on a G2G basis. A memorandum of
cooperation has been signed between the governments of Bangladesh and Japan in
the meantime. A PPP step is now underway to build MRT Line-4 as a 16 km long
Udal Metrorail along the Kamalapur-Narayanganj railway line. Construction is
expected to be finished by 2030. From Hemayetpur to Bhatara, a 20 km line will be
built as part of the MRT-5 construction project. Japan would provide 29 thousand
117 crore taka of the project's 41 thousand 238 crore taka total, with the
Bangladeshi government contributing the remaining 12 thousand 121 crore taka.
13 and a half of the project's 20 total kilometers will be underground, while the
final six and a half kilometers will be in the air. On this route, there will be a total
of 14 stations, 9 of them will be underground and 5 of them will be above ground.
17.40 km metro rail will be constructed from Gabtali to Dasherkandi by 2030. Out
of it, underground is 12.80 kilometers and aerial is 4.60 kilometers. MRT-6, a
20.10 kilometre line, has been designated for development in the first phase. This
project will cost a total of 21,000 985 crore 59 lakh taka. JICA would provide Tk
16,594,040,000 as project support from this. According to the project schedule,
60,000 passengers per hour may be transported in both directions if the metro rail
is opened from Uttara to Motijheel. The ultimate route for MRT-6 is as follows:
Uttara Phase III; Palabi; West side of Rokeya Sarni (Chandrima Udyan-Sansad
Bhawan); Khamarbari; Farmgate; Sonargaon Hotel; Shahbagh; TSC; Dowell
Chatwar; Topkhana Road; Bangladesh Bank. Uttara North, Uttara Centre, Uttara
South, Pallavi, Mirpur 11 and Mirpur 10, Kazipara, Sheorapara, Agargaon, Vijay
Sarani, Farmgate, Karwan Bazar, Shahbagh, Dhaka University, Secretariat,
Motijheel, and Kamalapur are the 16 stops on this route. The train will need 13.47
MW of electricity per hour, which will be obtained from the national grid. There
will be five electricity substations for this in the neighborhoods of Uttara, Pallabi,
Taltala, Sonargaon, and Bangla Academy. Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina formally
opened the MRT-6 project's construction on June 26, 2016. The Dhaka Metro
building project thus got underway. On August 2,2017, the official groundbreaking
for the MRT-6 station and runway took place. On this day, work on a 12 kilometer
runway and station connecting Uttara and Agargaon got underway. On February
25, 2019, work on the station and runway for the Agargaon to Motijheel stretch got
under progress. The project was supposed to open on December 16, 2021, however
that deadline could not be kept. Finally, on December 28, 2022, the Honorable
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina formally made the maiden trip on the Diabari to
Agargaon section of the first phase of the MRT-6 line. On December 29, 2022, the
public could use Bangladesh's first metrorail. The second segment of the MRT-6
line's metrorail from Agargaon to Motijheel began a test run on July 7, 2023. In the
final week of October, passenger service on the Agargaon-Motijheel segment will
start, and by 2025, it may be operating all the way to Kamalapur. Line 6 consists of
20.1 kilometres (12.5 mi) of electricity-powered light rail tracks and 16 elevated
stations, each measuring 180 meters. All of line 6 will be elevated above current
roadways, with the exception of the depot and portions of its associated LRT. Most
of this will be elevated over road medians to allow for beneath traffic movement,
with stations as well. By 2022, it is anticipated that the Dhaka Metro will carry
more than 60,000 passengers per hour, with headways of about four minutes. The
entire route can be covered at a speed of 100 km/h (62 mph) in less than 40
minutes, and it is anticipated to significantly reduce the number of private cars on
Dhaka's streets as well as their potential 7-hour standstills. Smart cards, also known
as magnetic contactless integrated circuit tickets, will be used by the system. When
platform screen door (PSD) barriers are utilized, efficiency and safety are both
improved. At each of the 16 stations, trains with six roomy, air-conditioned
coaches will arrive every four minutes travelling both directions. The Dhaka
Transport Co-ordination Authority of the Communications Ministry oversees the
project, and the general consultant is the NKDM Association, a group of foreign
and Bangladeshi companies. Nippon Koei Japan and Development Design
Consultants (a regional consultant from Bangladesh) make up the NKDM
Association.