Introductory Chemistry, 6e (Tro)

Chapter 13 Solutions

13.1 True/False Questions

1) The tragedy at Lake Nyos in Cameroon, West Africa was due to the sudden release of excessive
amounts of nitrogen dissolved in the lake water.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.1
Global Outcome: G1

2) The tragedy at Lake Nyos in Cameroon, West Africa, was due to the sudden release of excessive
amounts of carbon monoxide dissolved in the lake water.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.1
Global Outcome: G1

3) A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G1

4) Air is an example of a gaseous solution.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

5) Steel is an example of a solid solution.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

6) The minor component in a solution is called the solvent.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G1

7) The major component in a solution is called the solute.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G1

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8) The fact that the oceans contain salt water shows that polar solvents dissolve ionic solutes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

9) Ionic solutes typically dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G1

10) Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, so it is likely that this vitamin is polar.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G1

11) It would be expected that methanol (CH3OH) would be more soluble in water than methane (CH4)
would be.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

12) When a chunk of gold is melted and poured into the shape of an ingot, an aqueous solution of gold
has been created.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G1

13) Solubility is formally defined as the amount of a compound that can be dissolved in water.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G1

14) A saturated solution holds the maximum amount of solute under the solution conditions.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G1

15) A supersaturated solution is unstable and crystallization usually occurs.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G1

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16) Salt water is an example of a strong electrolyte solution.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G2

17) A sugar solution is an example of a weak electrolyte solution.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G2

18) The solubility of solids in water generally increases with increasing temperature.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G1

19) Sugar solutions conduct electricity because the dissolved particles are molecules.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.3
Global Outcome: G2

20) Tap water contains dissolved nitrogen and oxygen.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.4
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G1

21) The solubility of gases in water decreases with increasing temperature.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.4
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G2

22) Warm beer goes flat quicker than cold beer.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.4
Learning Outcome: 13.3
Global Outcome: G1

23) The solubility of gases in water increases with increasing pressure above the water.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.4
Learning Outcome: 13.3
Global Outcome: G1

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24) A solution that is 35 percent by mass NaCl contains of NaCl dissolved in of water.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.5
Learning Outcome: 13.4
Global Outcome: G4

25) A solution that is 13.58 percent by mass of sugar contains of sugar dissolved in
of water.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.5
Learning Outcome: 13.5
Global Outcome: G4

26) Molarity is defined as the moles of solute per liter of solution.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.6
Global Outcome: G1

27) The molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving of NaCl in 1000 mL water is .

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.6
Global Outcome: G4

28) One liter of 6.0 M HNO3 contains the same number of H+ ions as does one liter of 6.0 M H2SO4.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.8
Global Outcome: G4

29) One liter of a 2.0 M NaOH (aq) solution contains the same number of Na+ ions as does one liter of a
1.0 M Na2CO3 (aq) solution.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.8
Global Outcome: G7

30) If 50 grams of salt dissolves into 250 grams of water, the resulting solution must have a mass of 300
grams.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.7
Learning Outcome: 13.5
Global Outcome: G4

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31) A stock solution is a more concentrated form than what is typically used in a lab. It often requires
further dilution.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.7
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G1

32) Upon completing a dilution from a stock solution, you will always have more volume of solution than
you started with and it will have a lower concentration than the stock solution.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.7
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G2

33) Molality is calculated by dividing grams of solute by kilograms of solution.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.11
Global Outcome: G1

34) The terms "molarity"and "molality" are considered identical and can always be used interchangeably.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.11
Global Outcome: G1

35) Colligative properties are independent of the amount of solute in solution.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.12
Global Outcome: G1

36) Adding a nonvolatile solute to a liquid will cause boiling point depression and freezing point
elevation.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.12
Global Outcome: G1

37) A sample of salt water will freeze at a higher temperature than a sample of pure water.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.12
Global Outcome: G2

38) A 0.10 molality solution of the sugar glucose (molecular weight = 180.10 g/mol) and a 0.10 molality
solution of sucrose (molecular weight = 342.34 g/mol) would both boil at the same temperature.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.12
Global Outcome: G7

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39) A semipermeable membrane allows only half the amount of a substance to pass through it.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.10
Learning Outcome: 13.13
Global Outcome: G1

40) Osmosis is the process in which a solvent moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area
of high solute concentration.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.10
Learning Outcome: 13.13
Global Outcome: G1

41) If you put a living cell into seawater containing a higher concentration of sodium chloride, the cell
loses water through osmosis.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.10
Learning Outcome: 13.13
Global Outcome: G2

42) Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to completely reverse the direction of solvent movement in
osmosis.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.10
Learning Outcome: 13.13
Global Outcome: G1

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13.2 Multiple Choice Questions

1) The tragedy at Lake Nyos in Cameroon, West Africa, was caused by:
A) the release of excessive amounts of nitrogen gas that had been dissolved in the water at the bottom of
the lake.
B) the release of excessive amounts of oxygen gas that had been dissolved in the water at the bottom of
the lake.
C) the release of excessive amounts of carbon dioxide that had been dissolved in the water at the bottom
of the lake.
D) the release of excess water stored in the volcanic lake which flooded the village below.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.1
Global Outcome: G1

2) Which of the following substances is NOT a solution?

A) air
B) brass
C) vodka
D) copper
E) All of the above are solutions.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

3) Which of the following substances is NOT a solution?

A) humid air
B) beer
C) oxygen
D) steel
E) All of the above are solutions.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

4) Which of the following substances is NOT a solution?

A) homogenized milk
B) bronze
C) sea water
D) soda
E) All of the above are solutions.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

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5) Suppose a vodka martini contains 30% alcohol with the remaining portion of the drink composed of
water. What is the solute in this type of martini?
A) water
B) alcohol
C) ice
D) olive
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

6) The oxygen in the air we breath is classified as:

A) the solute in a homogeneous gas mixture.
B) the solvent in a homogeneous gas mixture.
C) the solute in a heterogeneous gas-liquid mixture.
D) the solvent in a simple mixture.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

7) Hexane, a nonpolar solvent, will dissolve which of the following substances?

A) sodium chloride
B) oil
C) ammonium acetate
D) vinegar (acetic acid)
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

8) Which of these compounds would you expect to be least soluble in water?

A) CH3OH
B) NaCl
C) N2
D) NH3
E) not enough information
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.2
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

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9) Which compound below forms an electrolyte solution when dissolved in water?
A) Cl2
B) KOH
C) CH3CH2OH
D) C12H22O11 (sucrose)
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.1
Global Outcome: G2

10) In order for a solute to dissolve in solution:

A) the solute-solvent forces must be greater than the solute-solute forces.
B) the solute-solute forces must be greater than the solute-solvent forces.
C) the solute-solvent forces must equal the solute-solute forces.
D) the polarity of the solute and solvent must be opposite.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G2

11) If the solubility of sodium acetate (Molar mass = 82 g/mol) is 76 grams per 100 grams of water, which
of the following solutions would be considered supersaturated?
A) 8.5 moles of sodium acetate dissolved in 1 L of water
B) 5.5 moles of sodium acetate dissolved in 500 mL of water
C) 1.8 moles of sodium acetate dissolved in 300 mL of water
D) 1.2 moles of sodium acetate dissolved in 200 mL of water
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G4

12) If the solubility of sodium chloride is 36 grams per 100 grams of water, which of the following
solutions would be considered unsaturated?
A) 5.8 moles of NaCl dissolved in 1 L of water
B) 3.25 moles of NaCL dissolved in 500 ml of water
C) 1.85 moles of NaCl dissolved in 300 ml of water
D) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G4

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13) The solubility of Pb(NO3)2 is 55 grams per 100 g H2O at 20°C. Which term would properly describe a
solution where 44 grams of Pb(NO3)2 is added to 100 grams of water at this temperature?
A) insoluble
B) unsaturated
C) saturated
D) supersaturated
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G4

14) If you prepare a solution by adding sufficient amount of solute so that after heating and cooling the
solution there is a visible amount of solid solute left in the bottom of the beaker, the solution would be
considered ________.
A) unsaturated
B) saturated
C) supersaturated
D) thermally saturated
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G2

15) Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte?

A) HCl
B) NaCl
C) N Cl
D) Na
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G2

16) Which of the following compounds is a strong electrolyte?

A)
B)
C)
D) Na
E) all of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G2

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17) The solubility of solids in water:
A) is independent of the temperature.
B) increases with increasing temperature.
C) decreases with increasing temperature.
D) Solids are not soluble in water.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G2

18) The solubility of solids in water:

A) is independent of pressure above solution.
B) increases with increasing pressure above solution.
C) decreases with increasing pressure above solution.
D) Solids are not soluble in water.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G2

19) When an ionic compound dissolves in water:

A) the solvent-solute attractive forces overcome the solute-solute attractions.
B) the positive end of water dipoles attract the negative ions.
C) the negative end of water dipoles attract the positive ions.
D) each of the above (A, B, and C) occurs.
E) none of the above (A, B, or C) occurs.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G2

20) Which among the following is NOT true about the solubility of a solid in water?
A) The solubility is not affected by pressure.
B) The solubility generally increases as temperature increases.
C) Solid crystallizes when a saturated solution is prepared at a higher temperature and then cooled.
D) A saturated solution prepared at a lower temperature becomes unsaturated when heated to a higher
temperature.
E) none of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.3
Learning Outcome: 13.2
Global Outcome: G7

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21) Solubility of gases in water:
A) is independent of pressure above solution.
B) increases with increasing pressure above solution.
C) decreases with increasing pressure above solution.
D) Gases are not soluble in water.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.4
Learning Outcome: 13.3
Global Outcome: G2

22) The solubility of gases in water:

A) is independent of temperature.
B) increases with increasing temperature.
C) decreases with increasing temperature.
D) gases are not soluble in water.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.4
Learning Outcome: 13.3
Global Outcome: G2

23) The solubility of a gas in a liquid can always be increased by:

A) increasing the temperature of the solvent.
B) decreasing the polarity of the solvent.
C) decreasing the pressure of the gas above the solvent.
D) increasing the pressure of the gas above the solvent.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.4
Learning Outcome: 13.3
Global Outcome: G2

24) A solution is saturated in both nitrogen gas (N2) and sodium iodide (NaI) at 50°C. When the solution
is cooled to 25°C, which of the following is most likely to occur?
A) Some nitrogen gas bubbles out of solution.
B) Some sodium iodide will precipitate out of solution.
C) Both A and B will happen.
D) Nothing will happen.
E) not enough information
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.4
Learning Outcome: 13.3
Global Outcome: G2

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25) When preparing sodium hydroxide solution, it is best to use water that does not contain any
dissolved carbon dioxide as it reacts with the sodium hydroxide. Removing the carbon dioxide can be
accomplished by:
A) vigorously stirring the solution.
B) using water fresh out of the purification system.
C) boiling the water.
D) Nothing can be done to remove dissolved gases.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.4
Learning Outcome: 13.3
Global Outcome: G7

26) We dissolve 2.45 g of sugar in 200.0 g water. What is the mass percent of sugar in the solution?
A) 1.21%
B) 1.23%
C) 2.42%
D) 123%
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.5
Learning Outcome: 13.4
Global Outcome: G4

27) A solution contains 100.0 g water, 10.0 g NaCl, and 15.0 g methanol. What is the mass percent of
methanol in the solution?
A) 8.00%
B) 10.0%
C) 12.0%
D) 15.0%
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.5
Learning Outcome: 13.4
Global Outcome: G4

28) What is the mass percent of a solution prepared by dissolving of solid into of
water?
A) 47.8%
B) 58.4%
C) 32.4%
D) The identity of the compound must be known.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.5
Learning Outcome: 13.4
Global Outcome: G4

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29) What is the mass percent of an ammonium carbonate solution prepared by dissolving of
solid into of water?
A) 84.1%
B) 72.7%
C) 45.7%
D) 54.3%
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.5
Learning Outcome: 13.4
Global Outcome: G4

30) What is the mass percent of a sodium fluoride solution prepared by dissolving of sodium
fluoride into of water?
A) 26.9%
B) 42.3%
C) 70.3%
D) 29.7%
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.5
Learning Outcome: 13.4
Global Outcome: G4

31) How many grams of a 23.4% by mass NaF solution is needed if you want to have of NaF?
A) 55.9
B) 31.1
C) 13.1
D) 239
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.5
Learning Outcome: 13.5
Global Outcome: G4

32) How many moles of NaF are in 34.2 grams of a 45.5% by mass NaF solution?
A) 0.814
B) 75.2
C) 15.6
D) 0.371
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.5
Learning Outcome: 13.5
Global Outcome: G4

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33) What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving NaI in ?
A) 42.8
B) 0.0714
C) 2.86
D) 0.286
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.6
Global Outcome: G4

34) You need to prepare 2.00 L of 0.100 M Na2CO3 solution. The best procedure is to weigh out:
A) 10.6 g Na2CO3 and add 2.00 L of water to it.
B) 21.2 g Na2CO3 and add 2.00 L of water to it.
C) 10.6 g Na2CO3 and add water until the final solution has a volume of 2.00 L.
D) 21.2 g Na2CO3 and add water until the final solution has a volume of 2.00 L.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.6
Global Outcome: G4

35) Given that you wished to use exactly 0.325 mole of NaCl to prepare a 2.50 M NaCl solution, how
many milliliters of solution must you prepare?
A) 130. mL
B) 0.130 mL
C) 7.69 mL
D) 0.813 mL
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.7
Global Outcome: G4

36) How many moles of KOH are contained in 750. mL of 5.00 M KOH solution?
A) 6.67 mol
B) 3.75 × mol
C) 56.1 mol
D) 3.75 mol
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.7
Global Outcome: G4

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37) What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving of Ca(N into of water?
A) 0.331 M
B) 0.932 M
C) 0.117 M
D) 1.99 M
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.6
Global Outcome: G4

38) How many grams of KCl are needed to make of KCl?

A) 9.13
B) 1.52
C) 91.3
D) 0.123
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.7
Global Outcome: G4

39) How many grams of LiF would be present in 575 mL of 0.750 M LiF solution?
A) 11.2
B) 0.0338
C) 1.12 × 104
D) 19.9
E) 33.8
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.7
Global Outcome: G4

40) What mass (in grams) of fructose (C6H12O6) is contained in 125 mL of a 0.500 M fructose solution?
A) 11.3
B) 11300
C) 721
D) 0.0625
E) 180.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.7
Global Outcome: G4

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41) Oftentimes solubility of a compound limits the concentration of the solution that can be prepared. Use
the solubility data given with each compound shown below to determine which compound would allow
the preparation of a 10.0 Molar solution.
A) AgNO3 (solubility = 122 g/100 g H2O)
B) KCl (solubility = 34.0 g/100 g H2O)
C) NaNO3 (solubility = 89.0 g/100 g H2O)
D) NH4Cl (solubility = 41.1 g/100 g H2O)
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.7
Global Outcome: G4

42) A 0.15 M solution of BaCl2 contains:

A) 0.15 M Ba2+ ions and 0.15 M Cl- ions.
B) 0.15 M Ba2+ ions and 0.30 M Cl- ions.
C) 0.30 M Ba2+ ions and 0.15 M Cl- ions.
D) 0.30 M Ba2+ ions and 0.30 M Cl- ions.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.8
Global Outcome: G4

43) What are the ion concentrations in a 0.12 M solution of AlCl3?

A) 0.36 M Al3+ ions and 0.12 M Cl- ions
B) 0.12 M Al3+ ions and 0.040 M Cl- ions
C) 0.12 M Al3+ ions and 0.36 M Cl- ions
D) 0.040 M Al3+ ions and 0.040 M Cl- ions
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.8
Global Outcome: G4

44) Which one of the following aqueous solutions would have the higher concentration of K+ (aq) ions?
(Assume total solubility in water.)
A) 1.0 M KC2H3O2
B) 1.0 M KNO3
C) 1.0 M K2CO3
D) 1.0 M K3PO4
E) All of these solutions have the same concentration of K+ (aq).
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.8
Global Outcome: G7
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45) Which solution below contains the highest total quantity of dissolved sodium ions?
A) 100. mL of 4.0 M NaCl
B) 75.0 mL of 3.0 M Na2SO4
C) 50.0 mL of 8.0 M NaOH
D) 50.0 mL of 2.0 M Na3PO4
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.8
Global Outcome: G4

46) How many liters of a 2.18 M solution can be made from S?

A) 0.832
B) 1.81
C) 0.252
D) 1.20
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G4

47) After you have completed the task of diluting a solution, which statement below must be TRUE?
A) The new solution has more volume but has a lower concentration than before.
B) The new solution has more volume but has a higher concentration than before.
C) The new solution has less volume but has a lower concentration than before.
D) The new solution has less volume but has a higher concentration than before.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G2

48) A 90.0 g sample of NaOH is dissolved in water and the solution is diluted to give a final volume of
3.00 liters. The molarity of the final solution is ________.
A) 0.500 M
B) 0.750 M
C) 1.00 M
D) 2.25 M
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G4

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49) What is the final concentration of a solution prepared by diluting of HCl to a final
volume of ?
A) 0.504 M
B) 3.50 M
C) 0.420 M
D) 0.350 M
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.7
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G4

50) What volume of 12.0 M HCl is required to make 75.0 mL of 3.50 M HCl?
A) 21.9 mL
B) 0.560 mL
C) 257 mL
D) 560. mL
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.7
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G4

51) What volume of 9.00 M nitric acid is needed to make of solution?

A) 903 mL
B) 1.73 L
C) 1.10 L
D) 748 mL
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.7
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G4

52) What molarity should the stock solution be if you want to dilute to and have the final
concentration be ?
A) 0.206 M
B) 8.24 M
C) 4.12 M
D) 0.243 M
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.7
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G4

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53) If you add 4.00 mL of pure water to 6.00 mL of 0.750 M NaCl solution, what is the concentration of
sodium chloride in the diluted solution?
A) 0.250 M
B) 0.450 M
C) 0.500 M
D) 1.13 M
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.7
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G4

54) How much water would you ADD to 175 mL of 6.00 M hydrochloric acid to prepare a 2.00 M solution
of this acid?
A) 525 mL
B) 350 mL
C) 58.3 mL
D) 700. mL
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.7
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G4

55) How many grams of barium sulfate are produced if of BaC completely react given
the reaction:

Ba (aq) + N S (aq) → BaS (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

A) 5.90
B) 26.3
C) 1039
D) 0.668
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.8
Learning Outcome: 13.10a
Global Outcome: G4

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56) What is the concentration of sodium chloride in the final solution if of BaC
completely reacts and the total volume of the reaction is , given the reaction:

Ba (aq) + N S (aq) → BaS (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

A) 0.226
B) 0.0259
C) 0.0519
D) 0.667
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.8
Learning Outcome: 13.10a
Global Outcome: G4

57) How many mL of 0.218 M sodium sulfate react with exactly of BaC given the
reaction:

Ba (aq) + N S (aq) → BaS (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

A) 13.1
B) 5.52
C) 24.6
D) 2.86
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.8
Learning Outcome: 13.10a
Global Outcome: G4

58) How many milliliters of 0.755 M H2SO4 solution is needed to react with 55.0 mL of 2.50 M KOH
solution?
Given: 2 KOH (aq) + H2SO4 (aq) → 2 H2O (l) + K2SO4 (aq)
A) 51.9 mL
B) 182 mL
C) 91.1 mL
D) 17200 mL
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.8
Learning Outcome: 13.10a
Global Outcome: G4

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59) In comparing a 0.25 molality aqueous NaCl solution to a 0.25 molality aqueous CaCl2 solution:
A) the NaCl solution has the higher boiling point and the lower freezing point.
B) the CaCl2 solution has the higher boiling point and the lower freezing point.
C) the NaCl solution has the higher boiling point and the CaCl2 solution has the lower freezing point.
D) the CaCl2 solution has the higher boiling point and the NaCl solution has the lower freezing point.
E) both solutions have the same boiling point and the same freezing point.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.11
Global Outcome: G2

60) What is the molality of a solution made by dissolving of into of water?

Assume the density of water is .
A) 0.544
B) 0.0816
C) 10.2
D) 0.980
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.11
Global Outcome: G4

61) Which of the following statements about colligative properties is FALSE?

A) The boiling point of a solution is increased by the addition of salt.
B) The freezing point of a solution is lowered by the addition of salt.
C) The change in temperature is proportional to the molality.
D) The identity of the solute is not a factor.
E) All of the above statements are true.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.12
Global Outcome: G2

62) Which of the following aqueous solutions would be expected to freeze at the lowest temperature?
A) 1 molal KNO3
B) 1 molal NaCl
C) 1 molal CaCl2
D) 1 molal C6H12O6 (fructose)
E) All of these solutions would freeze at the same temperature.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.12
Global Outcome: G2

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63) What is the change in the boiling point of a solution made by dissolving 14.7 g of C6H12O6 into
of water? The density of water is and .
A) 0.502°C
B) 5.22°C
C) 0.0418°C
D) 0.279°C
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.12
Global Outcome: G4

64) What is the change in the freezing point of a solution made by dissolving of C6H12O6 into
of water? The density of water is and
A) 0.152°C
B) 1.01°C
C) 18.97°C
D) 1.82°C
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.12
Global Outcome: G4

65) Why is it NOT a good idea to drink seawater when people are lost at sea?
A) The high concentration of salt forces water out of the cells lining your stomach and intestine.
B) The osmotic pressure builds up in the cells of your intestine until they potentially rupture.
C) The semipermeable membrane protecting your stomach is ruptured during osmosis.
D) The seawater has fish urine in it and who wants to drink that?
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.10
Learning Outcome: 13.13
Global Outcome: G1

66) What will happen if a healthy red blood cell is placed into a container of pure water?
A) The cell will totally dissolve in the water.
B) The cell will remain unchanged.
C) The cell will become swollen.
D) The cell will shrink.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.10
Learning Outcome: 13.13
Global Outcome: G2

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67) Solution A has a concentration of 0.10 M sugar and Solution B has a concentration of 0.20 M sugar. If
the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane, which of the following occurs during
osmosis?
A) Solvent molecules move from B into A.
B) Sugar molecules move from B into A.
C) The molarity of A increases.
D) The molarity of B increases.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.10
Learning Outcome: 13.13
Global Outcome: G2

68) An osmosis cell is constructed of a "U" shaped tube with a semipermeable membrane separating the
two arms of the tube. Suppose a concentrated solution is placed in the left arm of the U-tube, and a dilute
concentration of the same substance is poured into the other arm to the same height. After a period of
time has elapsed, you would expect to find that:
A) the level of liquid in the left arm is now higher.
B) the level of the liquid in the right arm is now higher.
C) the levels in both arms stay at the same height.
D) no molecules of any type cross the membrane.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.10
Learning Outcome: 13.13
Global Outcome: G2

69) Osmotic pressure is:

A) the pressure required to stop the flow of solvent from a region of high solute concentration to a region
of low solute concentration.
B) the pressure required to stop the rupture of the semipermeable membrane.
C) the pressure required to reverse the flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane during
osmosis.
D) the pressure required to stop the flow of solvent from a region of low solute concentration through a
semipermeable membrane into a region of high solute concentration.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: 13.10
Learning Outcome: 13.13
Global Outcome: G1

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13.3 Algorithmic Questions

1) Calculate the mass percent of a NaCl solution prepared by mixing 47.0 g NaCl with of pure
water.
A) 27.3
B) 72.3
C) 47.0
D) 37.6
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.5
Learning Outcome: 13.4
Global Outcome: G4

2) Calculate the molarity of a KCl solution prepared by dissolving 0.525 moles of KCl in
A) 0.476
B) 0.00210
C) 2.10
D) 2.02
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.6
Global Outcome: G4

3) Calculate the molarity of a KCl solution made by dissolving 24.7 g of KCl in a total volume of .
A) 0.331
B) 0.663
C) 0.166
D) 6.04
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.6
Global Outcome: G4

4) How many moles of KCl are present in 95.3 mL of KCl?

A) 0.0500
B) 5.00
C) 20.0
D) 0.200
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.7
Global Outcome: G4

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5) How many grams of KCl are present in 75.0 mL of ?
A) 5.59
B) 117
C) 2.66
D) 11.7
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.7
Global Outcome: G4

6) What volume (L) of 2.00 M KCl solution contains 25.0 g of KCl?

A) 0.335
B) 0.168
C) 0.672
D) 1.49
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.7
Global Outcome: G4

7) Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest molar concentration of Na+ (aq)?
(Assume each compound is fully dissolved in water.)
A) 3.0M NaCl (sodium chloride)
B) 3.0M NaC2H3O2 (sodium acetate)
C) 1.5M Na2SO4 (sodium sulfate)
D) 1.0M Na3PO4 (sodium phosphate)
E) All of these solutions have the same concentration of Na+ (aq).
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.6
Learning Outcome: 13.8
Global Outcome: G7

8) What is the final concentration (M) of a solution prepared by diluting 50.0 mL of a solution
to a volume of
A) 1.67
B) 0.600
C) 0.0167
D) 3.0
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.7
Learning Outcome: 13.9
Global Outcome: G4

26
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9) How many mL of 0.112 M Pb(N are needed to completely react with of ?
Given: Pb(N (aq) + 2KI(aq) → Pb (s) + 2KN (aq)
A) 11.7
B) 23.4
C) 0.147
D) 5.85
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.8
Learning Outcome: 13.10a
Global Outcome: G4

10) Determine the volume (liters) of 0.500M NaOH solution required to neutralize 1.50L of 0.750M
H2SO4.
The neutralization reaction is:
H2SO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)
A) 2.25
B) 1.13
C) 2.00
D) 4.50
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.8
Learning Outcome: 13.10a
Global Outcome: G4

11) Calculate the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 19.9 g of KCl in of water.
A) 0.200
B) 0.356
C) 4.99
D) 0.267
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.11
Global Outcome: G4

12) Given that the freezing point depression constant for water is 1.86°C kg/mol, calculate the change in
freezing point for a sugar solution.
A) 0.488°C
B) 2.05°C
C) 0.592°C
D) 1.69°C
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Var: 5 Page Ref: 13.9
Learning Outcome: 13.12
Global Outcome: G4

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