Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GCE
Chemistry A
Advanced GCE
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This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the
requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by
examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an
examiners’ meeting before marking commenced.
All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in
candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills
demonstrated.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the
report on the examination.
© OCR 2019
PMT
Annotation Meaning
Correct response
Incorrect response
Omission mark
Contradiction
Rounding error
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Ignore
PMT
Abbreviations, annotations and conventions used in the detailed Mark Scheme (to include abbreviations and subject-specific
conventions).
Annotation Meaning
AW Alternative wording
INTRODUCTION
Your first task as an Examiner is to become thoroughly familiar with the material on which the examination depends. This material includes:
You should ensure also that you are familiar with the administrative procedures related to the marking process. These are set out in the OCR
booklet Instructions for Examiners. If you are examining for the first time, please read carefully Appendix 5 Introduction to Script Marking:
Notes for New Examiners.
Please ask for help or guidance whenever you need it. Your first point of contact is your Team Leader.
3
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AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
1 (a) Polar bonds 2 AO1.1 Mark independently
F (atom) is more electronegative (than C atom) ×2 ALLOW
OR F is very/the most electronegative C and F have different electronegativities
OR the atoms have different electronegativities
………BUT
DO NOT ALLOW C is more electronegative
OR O/H atoms have more neutrons (than 1H) Idea of isotopes is critical
……..BUT
OR (different) O/H isotopes are present DO NOT ALLOW isotopes of elements different
OR (Molecules are) D2O from H and O (e.g. C)
4
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AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
(d) FIRST, CHECK ANSWER 2 ALLOW use of ideal gas equation with a sensible
IF answer = 231 000, award 2 marks temperature (20–25ºC) and pressure (100/101 kPa)
-------------------------------------------------------------------- At 20ºC and 100 kPa,
3
n(C3H8) 100 × 10 × 42.0
n(C3H8) = = 1724… (mol)
42.0 × 103 42.0 × 106 8.314 × 293
n(C3H8) =
24.0 OR 24 000 OR 1750 (mol) AO2.2 → ~ 227586 (g) (dependent on roundings)
At 25ºC and 100 kPa,
3
100 × 10 × 42.0
n(C3H8) = = 1695… (mol)
8.314 × 298
Mass of CO2
→ ~ 223767 (g) (dependent on roundings)
mass CO2 = 3 × 1750 × 44 ALLOW use of 8.31 for R
ALLOW ECF from n(C3H8)
= 231 000 / 2.31 × 105 (g) ------------------------------------------------------
AO2.6
Common errors from 24.0 dm3
ALLOW 2 SF, e.g. 230 000 231 → 1 mark No conversion of m3 to dm3
0.231 → 1 mark Confusion of cm3 and dm3
77 000 → 1 mark No 3 × for CO2
(e) Initial rate = 10–2 × 2.4 × 10–3 s–1 1 AO2.2
5
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AO
Question Answer Marks element Guidance
2 (a) CO32– + H2O → OH– + HCO3– 1 AO1.2 ALLOW
OR CO32– + 2H2O → 2OH– + H2CO3
CO32– + H2O → 2OH– + CO2
IGNORE state symbols
IGNORE
Na2CO3 + H2O → 2NaOH + CO2
Ionic equation required
(b) Acid/H+/HCl reacts with OR protonates 1 AO2.3 ALLOW suitable equation, e.g.
• benzoate / C6H5COO– C6H5COO– + H+ → C6H5COOH
• carboxylate / salt
IGNORE responses purely in terms
(to form benzoic acid) of neutralisation of alkali, e.g.
Acid/H+/HCl neutralises /
reacts with/removes alkali / OH– /
CO32– / Na2CO3
6
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AO
Question Answer Marks element Guidance
(d) FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 3 ALLOW ECF for each step
If answer = 33.8 OR 33.9 (%) award 3 marks
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Theoretical moles
n(C6H5COOH) OR n(C6H5CH2OH)
4.00 × 1.04
=
108.0 OR 0.0385….. (mol) AO2.8 Calculator = 0.03851851852
Actual moles ×1
1.59
n(C6H5COOH) = 122.0 OR 0.013(0)…. (mol) AO2.8 Calculator = 0.01303278689
×1 ------------------------------------------------
0.0130… Alternative method using mass
% yield =
0.0385…. × 100 = 33.8% OR 33.9 (3 sig fig) AO1.2 1. Theoretical moles = 0.0385 mol
Answer depends on some intermediate roundings to 3SF
2. Mass = 0.0385 × 122.0 = 4.70 g
1.59
3. % yield =
4.70 × 100 = 33.8%
----------------------------------------------
Common errors
35.2% → 2 marks
4.00
• From
108 = 0.0370
(no use of density)
7
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AO
Question Answer Marks element Guidance
(e) Dissolve in the minimum quantity of hot water/solvent 2 AO3.3 ALLOW any solvent
×2
Cool
AND
Filter
AND
(leave to) dry DO NOT ALLOW use of drying
All three needed agent (e.g. MgSO4)
IGNORE
• Initial filtering
• hot filtration to remove
insoluble impurities
Total 8
8
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AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
3 (a) (i) 4Pb2O3 + 3CH4 → 8Pb + 3CO2 + 6H2O 1 AO2.6 ALLOW multiples
OR
Pb2O3 + CH4 → 2Pb + CO + 2H2O IGNORE state symbols
OR
2Pb2O3 + 3CH4 → 4Pb + 3C + 6H2O
(ii) ONE Safety issue AND precaution 1 AO3.3 IGNORE use safety glasses, lab coat (in question)
From: and tying hair back, safety screen
Safety issue:
Compounds may be toxic/poisonous/flammable
AND
Precaution: Definite safety issue needed.
Use a fume cupboard/good ventilation Not just ‘harmful’ OR dangerous (Too vague).
------------------------------
Safety issue: FOR OTHER SAFETY ISSUES AND
Lead (compounds) is/are toxic/poisonous PRECAUTIONS, CONTACT TEAM LEADER
AND
Precaution:
Wear gloves
-----------------------------
Safety issue:
Methane is flammable
AND
Precaution:
Keep away from flame
-----------------------------
9
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AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
(iii) Any 2 modifications 2 AO3.4 ALLOW response that implies heating to constant
from ×2 mass, e.g.
1. Heat to constant mass Heat again until the mass does not change
(Ensures all lead oxide has reacted) IGNORE ‘heat for longer’
Needs link to constant mass
2. Spread/stir/break up lead oxide
OR increase surface area IGNORE ‘weigh straight after heating’
OR use powder rather than lumps
IGNORE idea of repeating the experiment/
(Ensures all lead oxide has reacted) taking an average/ getting concordant results
/ larger sample size, etc.
3. Pass methane/inert gas/N2 through tube as it cools
OR don’t pass cold air
10
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AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
(b) 4 Throughout, IGNORE ‘ionic’ for SiO2
Type of lattice 2 marks
• SiO2: Giant (covalent lattice) AO1.1 FOR SiO2, IGNORE macromolecular
• CO2: Simple molecular/covalent (lattice) ×2 DO NOT ALLOW giant metallic
--------------------------------------
Explanation 2 marks Mark explanation independently on type of lattice
i.e. no ECF from incorrect lattice
For SiO2,
2. Comparison of forces with strength / melting point comparison needs just ‘bonds’ OR ‘forces’
• (Covalent) bonds in SiO2 are stronger
THAN intermolecular forces in CO2 For intermolecular, ALLOW ‘between molecules’
OR
• More energy to break (covalent) bonds in SiO2 For comparison,
AO2.1 ALLOW strong in SiO2 AND weak in CO2
THAN intermolecular forces in CO2
×1
DO NOT ALLOW responses containing
ORA
intermolecular forces in SiO2
Total 10
11
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AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
4 (a) (i) 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol 1 AO1.2 ALLOW 3,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenol
(ii) 5 1 AO2.5
12
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AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
(iv) FIRST, CHECK THE ANSWER ON ANSWER LINE 5
IF answer = 1.71 × 10–10,
award FOUR calculation marks
CARE Separate mark for equation
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Equation (1 mark)
C8H9ClO ⇌ H+ + C8H8ClO– AO1.2 ALLOW → for ⇌
Molecular formulae required (atoms in any order) ×1
DO NOT ALLOW C8H8ClOH in equation
i.e. C8H8ClOH ⇌ H+ + C8H8ClO–
If equation is omitted,
ALLOW equation mark for a correct Ka expression
with molecular formula
[H+] [C8H8ClO–]
i.e.
[C8H9ClO]
[C8H9ClO] calculation (2 marks)
Molar mass C8H9ClO = 156.5 (g mol–1) AO2.8 NO ECF from an incorrect formula in equation
ONLY correct answer ×4
ALLOW ECF from incorrect molar mass
4.8 × 10 –3 ALLOW 0.307 up to calculator value: 0.306709265
156.5 OR 0.3067.…. (mol dm )
[C8H9ClO] =
correctly rounded
Subsumes mark for molar mass = 156.5
ALLOW 7.24 × 10–6 up to calculator value:
Ka calculation (2 marks) 7.244359601 × 10–6 correctly rounded
[H+] = 10–5.14 = 7.244….. × 10–6 (mol dm–3)
ALLOW 2 SF (1.7…. × 10–10) up to calculator value,
–6 2
(7.244…. × 10 ) correctly rounded (but take care from acceptable
Ka =
0.3067….. = 1.71 × 10–10 (mol dm–3) intermediate rounding)
COMMON ERRORS
2.36….. × 10–5 3/4 calculation marks
No squaring of 7.24 × 10–6
13
PMT
AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
(b) (i) 1 AO2.5
Reason why other E/Z isomer does not exist 1 mark Mark independently of previous part
ring would be strained
Response MUST be linked to the ring/cyclic structure
OR ring would break/deform
OR Cannot form ring if high priority groups are on
IGNORE just ‘E isomer is impossible’
opposite sides
OR ring locks groups on one side of C=C bond
IGNORE C=C bond cannot rotate
IGNORE Groups can’t swap sides
14
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AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
(iii) First group: 4 AO3.2 CONTACT TEAM LEADER FOR OTHER REACTIONS
Reagent ×4 --------------------------------------------------------------------
AND ALLOW GROUPS EITHER WAY ROUND IN BOXES
Functional group: Alkene OR cycloalkene
Functional group MUST be named
Examples of reagents
Br2 or other halogen, HBr, H2 AND Ni (catalyst), DO NOT ALLOW UV with halogens
H2O(g)/steam AND H+ (catalyst) ALLOW H2SO4/H3PO4/acid for H+
Examples of reagents
NaBr/KBr/Br– AND acid/H+ (substitution), ALLOW ANY HALIDE, i.e. Cl–, Br–, I–
OR HBr ALLOW H2SO4/H3PO4/acid for H+
ALLOW HBr for H+ and Br–
Acid/H+ (catalyst) (elimination),
CH3COOH AND acid/H+ (catalyst) (esterification) ALLOW name or formula of any carboxylic acid or
CH3COOCOCH3 (esterification) acyl chloride for esterification
CH3COCl (esterification)
Organic product for reagent with OH in α-terpineol ALLOW Na → product with –ONa OR –O–
ALLOW product if catalyst omitted from reagent
DO NOT ALLOW Cr2O72–/H+ (tertiary alcohol)
Total 18
15
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AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
5 (a) (i)* Please refer to the marking instructions on page 4 of this mark 6 AO3.1 Indicative scientific points may include:
scheme for guidance on how to mark this question. ×4 1. Processing experimental data
Energy change from mcΔT
Level 3 (5–6 marks) AO3.2 • Energy in J OR kJ
Calculates CORRECT enthalpy change with correct – signs ×2 Using 50.70 g, 50.0 g
for = 50.70 × 4.18 × 13.5 = 2861 (J) OR 2.861 (kJ)
∆solH (CuSO4(s)) for reaction 5.2 3SF or more (2.861001 unrounded)
AND OR 50.0 × 4.18 × 13.5 = 2821.5 (J) OR 2.8215 (kJ)
∆rH, for reaction 5.1. Amount in mol of CuSO4
7.98
159.6 = 0.0500 (mol)
There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is clear and • n(CuSO4) =
logically structured.
The information presented is relevant and substantiated. ----------------------------------------------
2. ± value of ∆solH(CuSO4(s)) for reaction 5.2
Level 2 (3–4 marks) 2.861 –1
0.0500 = ±57.22 (kJ mol )
From m = 50.70 g = ±
Calculates a value of ∆solH (CuSO4(s)) for reaction 5.2 from
the: (–57.22002 unrounded)
Energy change 2.8215 –1
0.0500 = ±56.43 (kJ mol )
From m = 50.0 g = ±
AND
Amount in mol of CuSO4. ----------------------------------------------
3. CORRECT enthalpy changes for reactions
There is a line of reasoning presented with some structure. 5.2 and 5.1 with signs (using 50.70 g ONLY)
The information presented is relevant and supported by some Reaction 5.2 = –57.22 (kJ mol–1)
evidence. 3SF or more with correct – sign
Reaction 5.1
Level 1 (1–2 marks) ∆rH = ∆solH(CuSO4(s)) – ∆solH(CuSO4•5H2O(s))
Processes experimental data to obtain the: = –57.22 – 8.43 = –65.65 (kJ mol–1)
Energy change from mc∆T 3SF or more with correct – sign
OR NOTE: A clear and logically structured response
Amount in mol of CuSO4. would include an energy cycle
ALLOW omission of trailing zeroes
There is an attempt at a logical structure with a line of reasoning. ALLOW minor slips
The information is in the most part relevant.
16
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AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
0 marks – No response or no response worthy of credit.
(a) (ii) 100 1 AO2.8 IGNORE direction of temperature change
Temperature change = 0.2 × 20 = 1(.0)ºC Working NOT required
(b) FIRST CHECK THE ANSWER IN ON ANSWER LINE 4 AO2.4
If answer = (+)156 (J K–1 mol–1) award 4 marks ×4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 1: Calc of ∆rS
Use of 298 K (seen anywhere) 1 mark
• e.g. –16.1 = –55.8 – 298 × ∆S –55.8 – (–16.1) –39.7
Using 298 K, ∆S = 298
= 298
CORRECT use of Gibbs’ equation 1 mark = –0.133…(kJ K–1mol–1)
• using candidate’s temperature (e.g. 298) OR –133… (J K–1mol–1)
• with –16.1 AND –55.8 Sign required IGNORE units
Calculator:
• to calculate ∆S in kJ OR J –0.133221 (kJ K–1 mol–1)
–133.221 (J K–1 mol–1)
17
PMT
AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
(c) (i) 109.5(º) AND tetrahedral 1 AO1.2 ALLOW 109–110(º)
OR
OR
NOTE: There MUST be 2 atoms in centre
between 6-bonded S atoms.
e.g. DO NOT ALLOW
Total 13
18
PMT
AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
6 (a) (i) A: Fe(OH)3(s) 2 AO3.1 ALLOW Fe(OH)3(H2O)3
×2
B: Ag2S(s) IGNORE state symbols
ALLOW
2[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + Cl2 → 2[Fe(H2O)5OH]2+ + 2HCl
OR
2[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + Cl2 → 2[Fe(H2O)5Cl]2+ + 2H2O
2nd mark
Complete correct balanced equation
19
PMT
AO
Question Answer Marks Guidance
element
(b)* Please refer to the marking instructions on page 4 of this mark 6 AO1.2 Indicative scientific points may include:
scheme for guidance on how to mark this question. ×2
Formula of C, D, E, F and G
Level 3 (5–6 marks) AO3.1 • C: Fe(NO3)3•9H2O OR FeN3O9•9H2O
Reaches a comprehensive conclusion to determine the ×2
• D: FeN3O9 OR Fe(NO3)3
correct formulae of almost all of C, D, E, F, G AND 9H2O
AO3.2 • E: Fe2O3
There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is clear and ×2 • F: NO2
logically structured. • G: O2
The information presented is relevant and substantiated.
• 9H2O
Level 2 (3–4 marks)
Reaches a sound conclusion to determine the correct Examples of evidence
formulae of at least half of C, D, E, F, G AND 9H2O. n(H2O) = = 0.027 (mol)
There is a line of reasoning presented with some structure. 0.027 : 0.003 = 1 : 9 → 9H2O
The information presented is relevant and supported by some
evidence. n(F) = = = 0.009(00) (mol)
Total 12
20
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