Crafting a literature review for a research paper is an intricate task that demands meticulous attention

to detail and comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. It involves reviewing, analyzing,
and synthesizing existing literature relevant to the research topic. Here's a guide on how to write a
literature review effectively:

1. Define the Scope: Clearly outline the scope and objectives of your literature review.
Determine the key themes, concepts, and research questions you intend to explore.
2. Conduct Thorough Research: Utilize academic databases, journals, books, and other
credible sources to gather relevant literature. Ensure that you cover both seminal works and
recent publications to provide a comprehensive overview.
3. Organize Your Sources:Categorize and organize the literature based on themes, theories,
methodologies, or other relevant criteria. This helps in identifying patterns, contradictions,
and gaps in the existing research.
4. Analyze and Synthesize: Critically analyze each source, evaluating its strengths,
weaknesses, and relevance to your research topic. Identify commonalities, differences, and
emerging trends across the literature.
5. Create a Structure: Develop a clear and coherent structure for your literature review. Start
with an introduction that provides context and defines the scope, followed by thematic
sections that discuss different aspects of the topic. Conclude with a summary of key findings
and suggestions for future research.
6. Write Clearly and Concisely: Use clear and concise language to convey your ideas. Ensure
that your writing is coherent and logically organized, with smooth transitions between
paragraphs and sections.
7. Cite Properly: Accurately cite all sources used in your literature review following the
appropriate citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Pay close attention to formatting
guidelines and include a bibliography or reference list at the end of your paper.

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Although students tend to neglect this stage, outlining is one of the most important steps in writing
every academic paper. Leadership can be shared in interpersonal relationships; for example, it can be
pooled among duos or trios at the top of an organization, or shared leadership can be exercised
within teams working on a project. The politics of co-production: participation, power, and
transformation. Universal health care research paper onlineUniversal health care research paper
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The research team started with an exploratory review of background documents and research studies
to identify ways in which patient portals may contribute to health service delivery and patient
outcomes. The academic proofreading tool has been trained on 1000s of academic texts and by
native English editors. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site
without styles and JavaScript. Our recommendations derive from current QES guidance, 5 evidence
on modified QES methods, 8 13 and practical experience. 14 15 This paper presents an overview of
considerations and recommendations as described in table 2. Information systems researchers, among
others, have contributed to advancing knowledge on how to structure a “traditional” review. Not
applicable; according to Swedish law research, ethical approval is not needed for research that does
not involve human persons. Transitioning from a single-site pilot project to a state-wide regional
telehealth service: The experience from the Victorian Stroke Telemedicine programme. In the
sciences, for instance, treatments for medical problems are constantly changing according to the
latest studies. Health Sciences: In health sciences, literature reviews are used to evaluate the
effectiveness of treatments, identify best practices, and determine areas where more research is
needed. Failures of implementation run the risk of stakeholder disillusionment; thus, the
management of expectations is important. Facilitating coproduction: the role of leadership in
coproduction initiatives in the UK. It focuses on a small segment of the literature on a topic and
makes up an entire work on its own. Also, check our Performance Review Sample and conduct
custom assessments easily. These stakeholders exhibited diverse expertise in the leadership of
coproduction. Publication bias: Literature reviews may be influenced by publication bias, which
occurs when researchers are more likely to publish positive results than negative ones. But there’s no
need to worry about the quality of the writing if you get inspired by the examples presented here. In
an RRL, you discuss knowledge and findings from existing literature relevant to your study topic.
This depends entirely on your university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them.
Theoretical Review The purpose of this form is to examine the corpus of theory that has accumulated
in regard to an issue, concept, theory, phenomena. As you can see, this type of research is quite
complex, though it gets more comfortable if you know how to write a literature review outline. We
recommend starting by compiling a list of relevant keywords related to your central question—to
make the entire research process much simpler and help you find relevant literature review for a
research paper example faster. For example, a book surveying the history of the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict may include a chapter on the role Egypt has played in mediating the conflict, or look in the
index for the pages where Egypt is mentioned in the text. Read them to get a sense of the types of
themes you might want to look for in your own research or to identify ways to organize your final
review. To promote coproduction, four stakeholders were strategically selected through the personal
networks of one of the authors, SK. The extracted data must be presented in a meaningful way that
suggests a new contribution to the extant literature ( Jesson et al., 2011 ). Webster and Watson
(2002) warn researchers that literature reviews should be much more than lists of papers and should
provide a coherent lens to make sense of extant knowledge on a given topic. The aims of this review
are to explore models of coproduction leadership and the processes involved in leading coproduction
as well as, based on that exploration, to develop a guiding framework for coproduction practices.
They reported that the use of social media resulted in a significant improvement in knowledge and
compliance with evidence-based guidelines compared with more traditional methods. This will help
you visualize the relationships between the key concepts, theories, and variables in your literature
review. Identify and define the topic that you will be reviewing. 2. Conduct a literature search. For
instance, Levy and Ellis (2006) proposed a generic framework for conducting such reviews. But
there’s no need to worry about the quality of the writing if you get inspired by the examples
presented here. Supporting the research methodology: A literature review can inform the research
methodology by identifying appropriate research methods, data sources, and research questions.
Furthermore, systematic reviews included in this updated article cover a wider set of clinical
specialities (both within and beyond hospital settings) and have a focus on a wider set of healthcare
professions — discussing both similarities, differences and inter-professional challenges faced
therein, compared to the earlier reviews. These hacks help you understand how to prepare your
literature research correctly, avoiding numerous common mistakes. Conduct a comprehensive search:
Use databases and search engines to find relevant literature. You will be able to get a quick price
and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways. Collective dimensions of
leadership: Connecting theory and method. Most importantly, allocate enough time to do all the
research beforehand, or you'll risk missing the deadline. This review can inform a framework that
offers guiding insights on which commissioners, evaluators, managers and leaders of coproduction
can reflect as well as suggestions and directions for future research. This means going through the
prompt multiple times and clarifying expectations. Also, you get a guide on literature review
strategies through sample examples. For instance, the review might examine whaling from pre-1600-
1699, 1700-1799, and 1800-1899. Perhaps the counselor will offer you some guidance or manuals
you may use to work with. Literature Review (RRL) Examples Because creating sample literature
reviews would take too long and not properly capture the nuances and detailed information needed
for a good review, we have included some links to different types of literature reviews below. You
can check out the methodology section of the blog here. It provides an overview of current
knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research. It
provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and
gaps in the existing research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic. Does
it confirm, add to, or challenge established knowledge. First, exhaustive coverage means an effort is
made to be as comprehensive as possible in order to ensure that all relevant studies, published and
unpublished, are included in the review and, thus, conclusions are based on this all-inclusive
knowledge base. Realist synthesis: illustrating the method for implementation research. Download
Word doc Download Google doc Before you begin searching for literature, you need a clearly
defined topic. Not all research articles contain an explicit review of the literature, but most do,
whether it is a discrete section or indistinguishable from the rest of the Introduction. One of the most
highly cited scoping reviews in the eHealth domain was published by Archer, Fevrier-Thomas,
Lokker, McKibbon, and Straus (2011). Debates, conflicts and contradictions: where do sources
disagree. Download citation Received: 01 November 2023 Accepted: 05 January 2024 Published: 19
February 2024 DOI: Share this article Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read
this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. All literature reviews
have a fundamental structure.
Some references may turn out to be more helpful than others; you may notice patterns or striking
contrasts between different sources; and some sources may refer to yet other sources of potential
interest. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID
found at the bottom of this page. Authors from our team are degree holders and also have
considerable writing experience. Whereas, a standard research article or school assignment literature
review section could only be a few paragraphs in the Introduction section. They originated from
criticisms of positivist systematic reviews which centre on their “simplistic” underlying assumptions
( Oates, 2011 ). The sources support what Falk and Mills are saying. If the literature review is part of
your dissertation or thesis, reiterate how your research addresses gaps and contributes new
knowledge, or discuss how you have drawn on existing theories and methods to build a framework
for your research. Clear definition of perspectives and decisions on indirect evidence, sampling and
use of existing QES help in targeting eligibility criteria. Also, consider going through sample reviews
to find models that can guide and simplify working on literature review format for research paper.
Although having articles with tips and recommendations is good, the presence of an accurate sample
is much better. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data
made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. They can provide
valuable insights and suggestions for improvement. This review can inform a framework that offers
guiding insights on which commissioners, evaluators, managers and leaders of coproduction can
reflect as well as suggestions and directions for future research. This depends entirely on your
university’s specific requirements, so it’s best to check with them. Frodeman, Robert. The Oxford
Handbook of Interdisciplinarity. For example, if you are researching the relationship between
ecological environments and human populations, provide models and theories that focus on specific
aspects of this connection to contextualize your study. Definition: A literature review is a systematic
examination and synthesis of existing scholarly research on a specific topic or subject. It also
discusses common pitfalls and how to get literature reviews published. A quality improvement
initiative in community mental health in the Republic of Ireland. Meta-analysis: This is a quantitative
review that uses statistical methods to combine data from multiple studies to derive a summary effect
size. They play an important role throughout this process. If this is not going beyond the
requirements of writing a sample of literature review, why not. Something to be conducted at the end
of your research. Also, make sure to include opposing views (and not just supporting evidence).
When is audit and feedback effective in dementia care. Those who will read this example of
literature review will understand in which way they should move to continue investigating the topic.
When we say “literature review” or refer to “the literature,” we are talking about the research (
scholarship ) in a given field. Social capital, management capacity and public service performance:
Evidence from the US states. This will help you stay focused and avoid getting sidetracked by
irrelevant literature. Systematic review of knowledge translation strategies in the allied health
professions.
Issues related to leadership were rarely the focus of the papers. Further Readings Generative AI and
Writing USC Libraries Tutorials and Other Guides Bibliography A literature review surveys prior
research published in books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue,
area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation
of these works in relation to the research problem being investigated. Over 15,763 SEO agencies and
brands are using AtOnce to rank higher on Google. The review concluded that manually generated
reminders delivered on paper as a single intervention probably led to small to moderate increases in
adherence to clinical recommendations, and they could be used as a single quality improvement
intervention. This template can be used for a research paper at any level of study. Here are some
example topics to give you an idea of what a literature review can be about. Supplementary
Information Additional file 1: appendix 1.. Description of included papers. It analyzes
methodologies, theoretical frameworks, and findings, critically evaluating sources to give a clear
picture of the state of knowledge on a subject. The process of establishing Discovery College in
Melbourne. This PDF contains a red highlighter mark that describes the key points. A good RRL
does NOT: A literature review does not simply reference and list all of the material you have cited in
your paper. The analytical features of a literature review might: Give a new interpretation of old
material or combine new with old interpretations, Trace the intellectual progression of the field,
including major debates, Depending on the situation, evaluate the sources and advise the reader on
the most pertinent or relevant research, or Usually in the conclusion of a literature review, identify
where gaps exist in how a problem has been researched to date. Deliberately considering the most
suitable leadership model with regard to the aims and context of an initiative is useful at the start,
but reflecting on the operation and appropriateness of the model is always salient. It will help them
in writing an effective research paper, dissertations, and thesis. Use caution when paraphrasing When
paraphrasing a source that is not your own, be sure to represent the author’s information or opinions
accurately and in your own words. While conducting a review of the literature, maximize the time
you devote to writing this part of your paper by thinking broadly about what you should be looking
for and evaluating. Supporting arguments and claims: A literature review provides evidence to
support arguments and claims made in academic writing. This discussion highlights and
problematizes the two main findings of this systematic review, namely, the need to deliberately
consider underlying models of leadership and the complex character of leading coproduction. How
to write a literature review outline: As you already know from the Structure section of this guide,
every part of your literature review performs its own important role. Citizen participation in health
services co-production: a roadmap for navigating participation types and outcomes. You should also
make sure to understand how to paraphrase scientific literature to avoid plagiarism in your work.
Masterson D. Mapping definitions of co-production and co-design in health and social
care:systematic scoping review providing lessons for the future. AB, JB and AF performed result
synthesis and contributed to the analyses. It is these types of investigations that can help providers
further develop evidence-based practice. Use clear and concise language to present your ideas and
support them with evidence from the selected sources. Point the way in fulfilling a need for
additional research. Summarize and Synthesize Remember to summarize and synthesize your sources
within each thematic paragraph as well as throughout the review. The team should consider whether
a conceptual model, theory or framework offers a rapid way for organising, coding, interpreting and
presenting findings ( table 2, item R18). The literature review gives you a chance to: Demonstrate
your familiarity with the topic and scholarly context Develop a theoretical framework and
methodology for your research Position yourself in relation to other researchers and theorists Show
how your dissertation addresses a gap or contributes to a debate You might also have to write a
literature review as a stand-alone assignment. This involves critically examining the key findings,
arguments, and theories presented in the literature.
The body of literature includes all studies that address related or identical hypotheses or research
problems. A well-done integrative review meets the same standards as primary research in regard to
clarity, rigor, and replication. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.
Pivotal publications: are there any influential theories or studies that changed the direction of the
field. But there’s no need to worry about the quality of the writing if you get inspired by the
examples presented here. The story revolves around the life of Atticus Finch, a lawyer, according to
the opinion of his daughter Scout. All disagreements were resolved through discussion. History: The
chronological progression of the field, the research literature, or an idea that is necessary to
understand the literature review, if the body of the literature review is not already a chronology.
Check a list of sample literature review documents below and learn writing custom literature
reviews. Over the years, I have been professionally writing on various topics, mainly in the areas of
business, entrepreneurship, patient care, and English. But few scientists are trained in how to write a
review — or in what constitutes an excellent one. Narrow topics also allow you to find better
sources for your literature review on research paper. Reviewers employed a two-stage process to
select papers for inclusion. However, a literature review's objective is not just to list out summaries of
sources; rather, it is to notice a central trend or principle seen within all of the publications. A
discussion of relevant theories and concepts Theories and concepts should provide the foundation for
your research. Also, make sure to include opposing views (and not just supporting evidence).
Literature reviews are commonly used in fields such as history, literary studies, and philosophy.
Publications Account settings Browse Titles NCBI Bookshelf. Seven databases were searched from
1985 to March 2010. Where plentiful reviews already exist, a team may decide to conduct a review
of reviews 5 by including multiple QES within a mega-synthesis 28 29 ( table 2, item R6).
Specifically, whenever a QES is abbreviated or accelerated, a team should ensure that the review
question is agreed by a minimum number of knowledge users with expertise or experience that
reflects all the important review perspectives and with authority to approve the final version 2 5 11 (
table 2, item R1). For example, you might categorize your sources into those that examine the impact
of social media on self-esteem, those that explore the effects of cyberbullying, and those that
investigate the relationship between social media use and depression. Although based on evaluation
projects and qualitative data, their results also suggest that positive changes on patient outcomes can
be made following the implementation of specific evidence-based approaches (or projects). They
should arise out of your organizational strategy. These include: Literature reviews help readers
understand what is known about a topic without having to find and read through multiple sources.
Let’s get to it! What should I do before writing the literature review. Knowledge translation and
implementation in spinal cord injury: a systematic review. This part of your work aims to place the
topic in its context by exploring what others have done and the theories and principles informing
research on the issue. Add Links Send readers directly to specific items or pages with shopping and
web links. You likely won’t be able to read absolutely everything that has been written on your topic,
so it will be necessary to evaluate which sources are most relevant to your research question. We are
top specialists ready to help with your project.