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Writing a Literature Review Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper by
Arlene Fink The Third Edition of Conducting Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper
provides readers with an accessible but in-depth look at how to synthesize research literature. There is
an increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media. This work would undertake a literature
review on motivation applied to academic area (Rawsthorne and Elliot, 326-344). As you are writing
the literature review you will mention the author names and the publication years in your text, but
you will still need to compile comprehensive citations for each entry at the end of your review. Most
students understand the first point but don’t give any thought to the rest. Such logic is appropriate
for fields like medicine and education where findings of randomized controlled trials can be
aggregated to see whether a new treatment or intervention does improve outcomes. Comprehensive
knowledge of the literature of the field is essential to most research papers. Citizens and
governments can alter their energy production methods and consumption patterns to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and, thus, the magnitude of climate change. In the sciences, for instance,
treatments for medical problems are constantly changing according to the latest studies. And a
review does not necessarily mean that your reader wants you to give your personal opinion on
whether or not you liked these sources. Sometimes, though, you might need to add additional
sections that are necessary for your study, but do not fit in the organizational strategy of the body.
And don’t forget to tap into your professor’s (or other professors’) knowledge in the field. Last,
Bandara, Miskon, and Fielt (2011) proposed a structured, predefined and tool-supported method to
identify primary studies within a feasible scope, extract relevant content from identified articles,
synthesize and analyze the findings, and effectively write and present the results of the literature
review. Umbrella reviews generally adhere to the same principles and rigorous methodological
guidelines used in systematic reviews. Alternatively, what you can do is you can start by reading the
abstract and then decide whether that source is relevant to your research or not. If you have found
some recurring central themes, you can organise your literature review into subsections that address
different aspects of the topic. All you have to do is skim through literature review chapters of
existing dissertations related to your topic and you’ll find a gold mine of potential literature. Gender
Identity: Biological Perspective and Social Cognitive Theory. It was therefore recommended for
head teachers to adopt the Management by Walking About and Management by Objective so as to
get closer to their teachers in the running of schools. Each bibliography entry begins with the
author’s name and the source’s title, followed by publication information, such as the city of
publication, the publisher, and the year of publication. At this stage, you are close to writing the
review itself. Depending on the length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body
into subsections. The format of a review of literature may vary from discipline to discipline and
from assignment to assignment. Like descriptive reviews, the research questions are generic and
usually relate to publication patterns and trends. You can download the paper by clicking the button
above. This means drawing connections between sources to create a picture of the scholarly
conversation on a topic over time. A literature review is important because it: Explains the
background of research on a topic. Learn how to write a review of literature What is a review of
literature. One more idea is to create a review of related literature on study habits, considering their
role in the student’s life and academic outcomes. Standalone 2. As a section of a research paper How
SciSpace Discover makes literature review a breeze.
These outlines possess fundamental attributes that assist in pinpointing the apposite series of
standards against which The regular assessment of performance leads to employee motivation. This
would allow them to escape such unexpected consequences as reflected in the changed behavior of
Mary. “The toughest decisions in organizations are people decisions, hiring, promoting, firing, etc.
Here are a few other sections you might want to consider: Current Situation: Information necessary
to understand the topic or focus of the literature review. The comparison of the ratio of output to
input may be internal or external. Sample Review of Related Literature Thesis A thesis statement
should include the central idea of your literature review and the primary supporting elements you
discovered in the literature. Here is a sample introduction to an RRL about cyberbullying: Bullying
has troubled people since the beginning of time. With the knowledge that Sue and she were of the
same caliber because of the college history, Mary’s act of comparing her pay to that of Sue became
the fundamental reason of her demotivation. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster
and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. SciSpace Discover helps you
assess the quality of a source by providing an overview of its references, citations, and performance
metrics. Constant scrutiny: Concepts or theories that repeatedly went under examination. In light of
this discussion, Vroom’s Expectancy Theory promotes four fundamental concepts: 1. Point out
overall trends in what has been published about the topic; or conflicts in theory, methodology,
evidence, and conclusions; or gaps in research and scholarship; or a single problem or new
perspective of immediate interest. You’ll invariably end up wasting huge amounts of time re-writing
and re-shaping, or you’ll just land up with a disjointed, hard-to-digest mess. Writing a Literature
Review Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper by Arlene Fink The
Third Edition of Conducting Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper provides readers with
an accessible but in-depth look at how to synthesize research literature. The focus of a literature
review, however, is to summarize and synthesize the arguments and ideas of others without adding
new contributions. The problem of upward communication distortion was the focus Present research
study assesses empirically the effect of employee's motivation on organizational performance. The
ability of a right-holder to exclude PI legally from a particular market. This paper recaps various
literature on the motivation, shades and the attraction of this kind of tourism. In the preceding
example, Falk and Mills either directly refer in the text to the author of their source, such as
Hamilton, or they provide ample notation in the text when the ideas they are mentioning are not their
own, for example, Gastil’s. Learn how to write a review of literature What is a review of literature.
This theory is presented in the form of a pyramid as shown below: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
(Abraham Maslow, 2009). How does the publication relate to other literature in the field. This
literature review on reward systems encompasses the areas of performance related. Pick one of these
themes to focus the organization of your review. A good starting point could be to look at some
examples, depending on what kind of literature review you’d like to write. Meta-analyses are
regarded as powerful tools for deriving meaningful conclusions. For further details, please check
with your faculty advisor. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Employee Performance Organizations
achieve their objectives when, organizational performance. Subsequently, they use fixed or random-
effects analysis models to combine the results of the included studies, assess statistical heterogeneity,
and calculate a weighted average of the effect estimates from the different studies, taking into
account their sample sizes. Hebrew proverb. Do not confine your children to your own learning, for
they were born in another time. Logistics. Agenda. Develop a common focus on preparing students
for rigorous and relevant learning.
Download Free PDF View PDF MOTIVATION AS A TOOL FOR TEACHERS’ PRODUCTIVITY
IN IRELE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE MOTIVATION AS A TOOL FOR
TEACHERS’ PRODUCTIVITY IN IRELE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE
Wale Adetarami Motivation has been a problem with organizations, institutions and their employees
since time immemorial. Periodically, UT Libraries runs a workshop covering the basics and library
support for literature reviews. When you’ve finished writing and revising your literature review,
don’t forget to proofread thoroughly before submitting. Pool and Pool (2007) and Lok and
Crawford (2004) argue that there is an inevitable link between motivation and job satisfaction and
motivation with commitment off employees. When students read a passage or a book, they usually
have a reason for doing it. A literature review can be a part of a research paper or scholarly article,
usually falling after the introduction and before the research methods sections. A review may be a
self-contained unit — an end in itself — or a preface to and rationale for engaging in primary
research. Sample Review of Related Literature Thesis A thesis statement should include the central
idea of your literature review and the primary supporting elements you discovered in the literature.
Sometimes a literature review is written as a paper in itself. As mentioned above, writing your
literature review is a process, which I’ll break down into three steps: Finding the most suitable
literature Understanding, distilling and organising the literature Planning and writing up your
literature review chapter Importantly, you must complete steps one and two before you start writing
up your chapter. Internal comparison results from the comparison made by an employee to another
from the same company whereas external comparison results from the comparison made between
two employees from different companies. To achieve this ambitious objective, the authors performed
a bibliometric analysis of medical informatics citations indexed in medline using publication trends,
journal frequencies, impact factors, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term frequencies, and
characteristics of citations. To identify the most important publications on your topic, take note of
recurring citations. The exceptions are when you have statements describing events that happened
earlier than the literature you are reviewing or events that are currently occurring; then, you can use
the past perfect or present perfect tenses. Systematic reviews that involve the rigorous application of
scientific strategies aimed at limiting subjectivity and bias (i.e., systematic and random errors) can
respond to this challenge. Philippines, where the import of items plays a crucial role not just in
balancing. They generally discuss what has been done before and how the research being introduced
in this document fills a gap in the field's knowledge and why it is an important. If the literature
review is part of your dissertation or thesis, reiterate how your research addresses gaps and
contributes new knowledge, or discuss how you have drawn on existing theories and methods to
build a framework for your research. Research on motivation has attracted academic and corporate
entities over the last two decades. Likewise, relatedness unites the social and esteem needs into one
level while growth in the Alderfer’s ERG theory coincides with the self-actualization of the
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. Having realized that The Universal is not the best rewarding
company around, she must have felt betrayed. Convey it to your reader A literature review may not
have a traditional thesis statement (one that makes an argument), but you do need to tell readers what
to expect. In light of this discussion, Vroom’s Expectancy Theory promotes four fundamental
concepts: 1. A chronological compilation of studies The reason for conducting a literature review is
to: Literature Reviews: An Overview for Graduate Students While this 9-minute video from NCSU
is geared toward graduate students, it is useful for anyone conducting a literature review. This
theory is presented in the form of a pyramid as shown below: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
(Abraham Maslow, 2009). Literature Review Example In the video below, we unpack an actual
literature review so that you can see how all the core components come together in reality. This link
opens in a new window Contact a Librarian Ask a Librarian Definition: A literature review is a
systematic examination and synthesis of existing scholarly research on a specific topic or subject.
Here are the different types of literature reviews: Argumentative review It is called an argumentative
review when you carefully present literature that only supports or counters a specific argument or
premise to establish a viewpoint. Effectiveness of Educational Leadership Management Skills. The
Role of Family and Social Network Support in Mental Health.
Selecting studies, extracting data, and assessing risk of bias in a duplicate manner using two
independent reviewers to avoid random or systematic errors in the process. And when you are
writing a literature review on motivation you are required to get more ideas to make it as good as
you can. I love to know how to do good job Thank you so much Derek for such useful information
on writing up a good literature review. It is instrumental. It encouraged me to write a dissertation
now. As in most narrative reviews, the scope of the research questions being investigated is broad:
(a) how development of these systems are carried out; (b) which methods are used to investigate
these systems; and (c) what conclusions can be drawn as a result of the development of these
systems. To provide clear answers to these questions, a literature search was conducted on six
electronic databases and Google Scholar. Correct my document today To begin organising your
literature review’s argument and structure, you need to understand the connections and relationships
between the sources you’ve read. Literature reviews are written occasionally in the humanities, but
mostly in the sciences and social sciences; in experiment and lab reports, they constitute a section of
the paper. These employees lack sense of ownership and do not have the self Motivation to drive the
business processes. Simply put, it’s essential to build your own catalogue of the literature. This step
will help you work out the structure of your literature review and (if applicable) show how your own
research will contribute to existing knowledge. Refine your second draft and get a layman’s
perspective on it. Having said that, we realize that the methodological rigour of any review — be it
qualitative, quantitative or mixed — is a critical aspect that should be considered seriously by
prospective authors. The principal objectives in the policy of India are: To facilitate sustained. Here
are some examples of how a review might be beneficial: It helps determine knowledge gaps. It is an
excellent repository where you can find millions of only peer-reviewed articles and full-text PDF
files. Again, it was revealed that though teachers were involved in decision making, the actual setting
of objectives for a school were left in the hands of the heads and the school management team.
Qualitative Research Evidence Based Practice Find Journals Citation: APA 7 How to Write a
Literature Review Helpful Links Ten Simple Rules for Writing a Literature Review - This PLoS One
article itemizes the steps in the lit review process. Data was processed and analyzed to make it more
meaningful and applicable. I am doing two papers on my final year thesis, and I must stay I feel very
confident to face both headlong after reading this article. The reference list, or bibliography, in
Chicago style, is at the end of a literature review. Overall results of this synthesis show that
motivation to read does correlate to students' reading achievement. Good motivation leads to good
performance while poor motivation leads to poor performance. The researcher has adopted a
questionnaire survey methodology, which will be conducted The questionnaire includes questions
that are related to job satisfaction, employee motivation and factors that stimulate the same. State-of-
the-Art Review The State-of-the-Art review is conducted periodically, focusing on the most recent
research. Give your interpretation of how and why certain developments occurred. Now’s the time to
try to improve the linkage from each section to the next, tighten up the writing to be more concise,
trim down word count and sand it down into a more digestible read. A review is a required part of
grant and research proposals and often a chapter in theses and dissertations. Help Center Here you'll
find an answer to your question. Let us write or edit the literature review on your topic. It provides
an overview of various research areas within the discipline.
Depending on the stage at which your paper is at, this may involve merging your literature review
into a partially complete Introduction section, writing the rest of the paper around the literature
review, or other processes. The data collected was analyzed using 4 Point Likert Scale and the results
were presented using tables and percentages as statistical tools to answer the five research questions
and were further subjected to PEARSON’S COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION test for the
hypotheses. Similarly perceived training effectiveness is highly correlated with the job satisfaction of
employee, supporting the findings of Tsai et al (2007). To cite a literature review in APA style, you
need to provide the author's name, the title of the article, and the year of publication. Chronological
The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time. An effective review
provides the reader with an organized analysis and synthesis of the existing knowledge about a
subject. Evaluate the current “state of the art” for the body of knowledge reviewed, pointing out
major methodological flaws or gaps in research, inconsistencies in theory and findings, and areas or
issues pertinent to future study. Single Mothers’ Experiences of Relationships with Their Adolescent
Sons. Rewards systems have gradually evolved form being one. These people are attracted to tasks
that are neither very hard nor very easy. The exact keywords can be extended to widen your research
over other databases and academic search engines like: Google Scholar Microsoft Academic
Science.gov Besides, it is not advisable to go through every resource word by word. Thank you for
this whole literature writing review.You have simplified the process. Check with your professor, or a
subject expert in the field, if you are missing any key works in the field. They originated from
criticisms of positivist systematic reviews which centre on their “simplistic” underlying assumptions
( Oates, 2011 ). Whereas, extrinsic motivation is characterized as impoverished and pale version in
contrast to intrinsic motivation in the classic literature. The sources examined in an RRL provide
theoretical frameworks for future studies and help create original research questions and hypotheses.
Organizations set standards for Results: 40 articles are included in this integrative literature review.
Inputs include but are not limited to effort put in work, skills, competence and experience whereas
outcomes include fringe benefits, rewards and positions. “This idea of equity has to do with the
perception employees have of their importance in relation to others within the company” (JonDW,
2011). Try writing a simple statement that lets the reader know what is your main organizing
principle. The sources are arranged alphabetically and single-spaced. Finally, the conclusion should
summarize the whole review in a reasonably convincing manner. We’ve written a step-by-step guide
that you can follow below. In the present context, the notion of rigour refers to the reliability and
validity of the review process described in section 9.2. For one thing, reliability is related to the
reproducibility of the review process and steps, which is facilitated by a comprehensive
documentation of the literature search process, extraction, coding and analysis performed in the
review. The target population was made up of 206 teachers in public basic schools in the Mankessim
Education Circuit, while the accessible population of 168 teachers comprised all teachers in the
Circuit who had worked in their respective schools for at least two years. Mary was sure that
although she had to work beyond the regular duty hours and go an extra mile in the achievement of
her objectives, but the temporary pain would increase her eligibility for the best increment in pay in
the yearly review. The main procedures of a systematic review involve: Formulating a review
question and developing a search strategy based on explicit inclusion criteria for the identification of
eligible studies (usually described in the context of a detailed review protocol). Unlike a dissertation
research question, this question has to be answerable without collecting original data. Writing
literature reviews can be quite challenging. The reward will fulfill one or several essential needs 4.
You’ll invariably end up wasting huge amounts of time re-writing and re-shaping, or you’ll just land
up with a disjointed, hard-to-digest mess.
These studies were identified through a formal and systematic search in four databases between
2003 and 2013. Mary undoubtedly was worthy of acquiring the label of a top level performer. As
mentioned earlier, when rigorously conducted review articles represent powerful information sources
for eHealth scholars and practitioners looking for state-of-the-art evidence. We hope this guide has
helped you answer several key questions you have about writing literature reviews. If you use
sources without page numbers, such as websites or e-books, include a paragraph number instead. The
content will look slightly different in each case, but the process of conducting a literature review
follows the same steps. Questionnaire was use for data collection and mean, standard deviation and
variance were used for data analysis. Use a range of keywords to search databases such as
PsycINFO and any others that may contain relevant articles. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction results
into motivation or demotivation respectively. But, if you go about it systematically, you'll be able to
save a ton of time and build a solid foundation for your research. Much research relating to consumer
attitudes toward foreign products has. What are the key concepts and how are they defined. Darlow
and Wen (2015) provide a good example of a highly structured narrative review in the eHealth field.
While you probably already have a decent base of this from your research proposal, you need to
expand on this substantially in the dissertation or thesis itself. Resources Dive into our extensive
resources on the topic that interests you. Literature reviews help “set the stage” for later reading
about new research on a given topic (such as if they are placed in the Introduction of a larger
research paper). This step will help you work out the structure of your literature review and (if
applicable) show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge. You can do this
through various sources, online and offline. Theoretical Review This form aims to examine the
corpus of theory accumulated regarding an issue, concept, theory, and phenomenon. Training implies
constructive development in such organizational motives for optimum enhancement of quality of
work life of the employees. The bibliography or reference section of sources you’ve already read are
also excellent entry points into your own research. As a result, there is a considerable body of
literature in this area. Appreciate and good reference in guiding me in my research journey. Instead, it
is concerned with the research methods. After you have written a first draft, you should read it
carefully and then edit and revise as needed. How To Write A Literature Review A literature review
is a collation of survey, research, critical evaluation, and assessment of the existing literature in a
preferred domain. The sources include government simple reports, IT software websites, scholarly
articles, etc. The goals and objectives of the research question determine what goes inside these three
sections. Instead, it focuses on the “methods” of the researcher or writer. Depending on the length of
your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections.
Therefore an attitude encompassed by motivation would have either a goal or a means to achieve it.
Literature Review Employee performance appraisal is an effective tool or vehicle for assessment of
employee performance and implementation of strategic initiatives for the improvement of employee
performance (Lawler and McDermott, 2003). Doing a literature review: Releasing the social science
research imagination. Writing a literature review A formal literature review is an evidence-based, in-
depth analysis of a subject. This is very good video which is well explained with detailed explanation
Thank you excellent piece of work and great mentoring Thanks, it was useful Thank you very much.
Research on motivation has attracted academic and corporate entities over the last two decades. Get
real-time explanations, summaries, and answers to your questions for the paper you're reviewing,
making navigating and understanding the complex literature landscape easier. Similarly, in courses at
UCSD, you may be asked to write a research paper that is itself a literature review (such as, with an
instructor’s permission, in fulfillment of the B.S. Degree Research Paper requirement). There is an
increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media. Finally, tighten it up and send it off to your
supervisor for comment. Peter Sullivan Monash University. NT 2012. First, let us consider this task
sequence. Do I need to include any background information or definitions. Eminent researcher and
academic Arlene Fink, in her book Conducting Research Literature Reviews, defines it as the
following: Home A general overview of what a literature review is What a literature review means;
When and where to use a literature review; Myths about literature reviews; Literature reviews vs. A
review of related literature about cyberbullying is another interesting option. We’ve written a step-
by-step guide that you can follow below. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction results into motivation or
demotivation respectively. Intrinsic motivation is an important theory in any education field. Its
effect upon employees varies from individual to individual. Instead, it is concerned with the research
methods. By combining information from all relevant studies, meta-analysis can provide more precise
estimates of the effects than those derived from the individual studies included within a review.
Finally, the conclusion should summarize the whole review in a reasonably convincing manner. Once
you’re satisfied that you have digested and distilled all the relevant literature in your mind, it’s time
to put pen to paper (or rather, fingers to keyboard). The thesis is a literature research and thus a
review by the work of others. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Examples
include: A class assignment A review article Literature reviews can also be component parts of larger
bodies of work. Owusu, PhD Senior High School administration in Ghana is bedeviled with a lot of
problems most of which emanate from deficiencies in management styles of heads of these
institutions. As with any academic writing, these references are the building blocks of the article, so
if the article is relevant to your topic, there’s a good chance a portion of the referenced works will be
too. When going through the resources, make notes and identify key concepts of each resource to
describe in the review. It requires extensive reading, plus you have to consider market trends and
technological and political changes, which tend to change in the blink of an eye. Writing the
conclusion In the conclusion, you should: Summarize major contributions of significant studies and
articles to the body of knowledge under review, maintaining the focus established in the introduction.