When it comes to academic writing, one of the most challenging tasks for students is crafting a

literature review. A literature review is a critical analysis of the existing literature on a particular
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Moreover, maintaining objectivity and avoiding bias in evaluating the literature is another challenge.
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You can use our template to summarize and evaluate sources you’re thinking about using. Often this
form is used to help establish a lack of appropriate theories or reveal that current theories are
inadequate for explaining new or emerging research problems. The unit of analysis can focus on a
theoretical concept or a whole theory or framework. The Significance of an Effective Literature
Review A strong review plays a crucial role in research papers, offering several key advantages:
Serves Context and Relevance: It provides background and context for your research, showing its
importance within existing knowledge. Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet
to Paper. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2005; Hart, Chris. A literature review in this sense is
just like any other academic research paper. Promotes Theory Development: Evaluates and combines
existing theories, possibly leading to new ones. The author may write the text with a grain of bias.
Governance Preparedness: Initial Lessons From COVID-19 Background Report Commissioned by
the Global Preparedness Monitoring Board. Lesson Plans Teaching Materials Visual Writing Prompts
Assessment Rubrics Graphic Organizers Research Tools Plus Much More DOWNLOAD NOW 1:
PLOT Plot refers to all related things that happen in the sequence of a story. Instantly correct all
language mistakes in your text Be assured that you'll submit flawless writing. It establishes the
current state of knowledge in the field of the issue or topic you’re writing about. For you to find out
about every crucial detail, our team created this guide on how to write a literature review. If you rely
too heavily on one source, you may miss important points that could be made by other authors. 4.
Plagiarism Plagiarism is when you use someone else’s words or ideas without giving them credit. It
covers the materials needed for the main objects of research. To generate new frameworks and
perspectives on a subject, integrative reviews investigate, analyze and synthesize representative
literature on a topic in an integrated manner. Thinking interdisciplinarily about a research problem
can be a rewarding exercise in applying new ideas, theories, or concepts to an old problem. How
does a literature review contribute to the research process. Explore the literature discussing the
problem of workplace bullying. Example: The brave, handsome brute fell with a creaking rending cry
(the author is giving a tree human qualities). Then use these keywords to research scholarly
databases. Thinking at research challenges from different vectors is a significant technique for
finding new answers to problems or getting a fresh viewpoint, especially in the social sciences.
Having known the importance of the literature review in research work, it is pertinent that great
attention is paid to all the issues raised to have a good literature review. Our team is ready to provide
expert guidance, ensuring you craft a strong and effective literature review. Upholding these
principles ensures academic integrity and contributes to the ethical conduct of research. Literature
reviews can include materials such as scholarly articles, books, government reports, etc. The examples
can be drawn from direct quotations of the narrative or dialogue or a commentary on the structure of
the text. The results are usually recorded at the end of the experiment. All Assignment Support is a
reputable company known for handling literature review assignments of diverse levels and types. As
such, it is important to know how to know when you have uncovered the key conceptual categories
underlying your research topic. The chances are high that someone will already have published a
literature review ( Figure 1 ), if not exactly on the issue you are planning to tackle, at least on a
related topic.
The 3rd person omniscient narrator, as the name suggests, knows everything about everyone. Aspects
of Governance Our findings indicate that the included studies focus on three main aspects of
governance: process of governance, determinants of governance, and performance of governance (
Table 1 ). POINT OF VIEW Similes, Metaphors, Allusions, Symbolism, Irony, etc. SETTING The
point of view is the camera’s location and voice-over provides more flexibility. A thematic review
would have subtopics based upon factors that relate to the theme or issue. Keep in mind that UNC
Libraries have research guides and to databases relevant to many fields of study. Aids in Forming
Research Questions: Helps shape precise and meaningful research questions, building on existing
theories. Literature gains profound meaning with historical context, as memories, stories, and
characters derive significance from it. A good literature review then is able to say how your research
addresses the weakness(es) in the literature reviewed as a third step. Consider Whether Your
Sources are Current Some disciplines require that you use information that is as current as possible.
Make a summary. Quote directly. Use relatively unknown facts. When doing and writing a literature
review, it is good practice to: summarise and analyse previous research and theories; identify areas of
controversy and contested claims; highlight any gaps that may exist in research to date. Narrow the
Topic The narrower your topic, the easier it will be to limit the number of sources you need to read in
order to obtain a good survey of relevant resources. In this contribution, I share ten simple rules I
learned working on about 25 literature reviews as a PhD and postdoctoral student. Abstracting from
personal opinions and judgments is a crucial attribute. A literature review can be just a simple
summary of the sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and
synthesis. Literature reviews can include materials such as scholarly articles, books, government
reports, etc. Writing Tips Once you actually begin to write the review, stick to your outline and keep
these tips in mind: Consider your audience. You will often see the terms “the research,” “the
scholarship,” and “the literature” used mostly interchangeably. Write a review of the literature that
examines the problem of substance abuse. For all LMIC publications under our review, the authors
were based outside the country under study and did not provide details of local affiliations or local
partners if any. Essentially, conflict consists of a central (and sometimes secondary) problem. This
way, by the time you have read the literature you selected, you will already have a rough draft of the
review. In this part, you should outline the following characteristics: Selected topic Research
question Related research question trends and prospects Research methods Expected research results
Body. We use the terms “governance” and “decision-making” interchangeably in this review. One
should also take the following vital steps to ensure a well-structured and effective review. United
Nations economic and social Commission for Asia and the, Pacific, ESCAP. Search Strategy The
search strategy involved formulating keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) relevant to
our research questions related to “governance,” “policy-making,” “health security,” “pandemic
preparedness,” “public health decision-making,” “COVID” ( Supplementary Table S1 ). It’s worth
noting, though, that more realistic theme evaluations stray from chronological sequence. Get our
high-caliber English paper editors to help you reach your publication goal.
Various approaches to the subject (historical, empirical, philosophical, etc.). Ongoing studies and
discoveries regarding the problem. Prose - Fiction. Also known as narrative fiction consists of stories
based in the imagination of the author, which use narration. If you use tables for your review, they
must include an analysis to summarize, explain, and synthesize the material that you’re reviewing.
Maintain objectivity in a literature review by clearly defining criteria for source selection, avoiding
bias in search terms, and using a diverse range of reputable sources. Now, let's explore some
examples of literature reviews that can assist you in crafting your own. The theoretical literature
review helps to establish what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree
the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested. Some
scientists may be overly enthusiastic about what they have published, and thus risk giving too much
importance to their own findings in the review. Because our focus was on studying the process of
governance and decision-making, we excluded clinical guideline documents, clinical decision-
making studies, and studies focused on policy implementation ( Supplementary Table S2 ). In this
case, you should dig around the thesis topic, research objectives, and purpose. It’s a critical
evaluation of a text, publicaton, object or phenomenon. For more information on creating a reference
list, see our Citation Styles guide. The choice between a chronological, thematic, theoretical, or
methodological approach depends on the nature of your topic and the goals of your review. You
won’t write a literature review on this topic correctly if it hasn’t been researched by others yet. This
means being able to give a cogent and concise account in one paragraph, in your own words, what a
body of research says about the topic. Examine the literature discussing British imperialism in India.
More authentic thematic reviews tend to break away from chronological order. For guidance on
formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial. POINT OF VIEW The primary
language device is dialogue, within which the other devices occur. In other words, a chronological
review would have subsections for each vital time period. For scholars, the depth and breadth of the
literature review emphasizes the credibility of the writer in his or her field. This brings a sense of
intimacy and personal detail to the story. How, for example, may geographers perceive the need for
improved distribution of social care organizations in major cities differently from social workers.
Here we present our findings as per the data extraction framework ( Supplementary Table S3 ) and
discuss the emerging typologies of aspects and conceptualization of governance. Our research
questions are as follows: 1) In which countries has governance and decision-making during the
COVID-19 pandemic been studied, 2) How and through what methodological approaches have
previous studies analyzed governance and decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 3)
How have previous studies conceptualized governance and decision-making during the COVID-19
pandemic. A literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, dissertations, conference proceedings
and other resources which are relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory and provides
context for a researcher’s own work. Don’t be afraid to do more research if you discover a new
thread as you’re writing. The theoretical framework helps the researcher to focus on areas that are
relevant to the research. As a Business Educator, he is profoundly interested in teaching and
managing business. It identifies, evaluates, and appraises the studied topic. Debates, conflicts and
contradictions: where do sources disagree.
Use Caution When Paraphrasing When paraphrasing a source that is not your own, be sure to
represent the author's information or opinions accurately and in your own words. Report this
resource to let us know if this resource violates TPT’s content guidelines. Most often, this type of
literature review was used in allied health professions and clinical medicine to analyze previous
findings of the studies. Given this, the purpose of a literature review is to: Place each work in the
context of its contribution to understanding the research problem being studied. It identifies what is
currently known, sets the context of your research, identifies any gaps or areas for further
development and situates you in the chain of research. The only difference here between a
“chronological” and a “thematic” approach is what is emphasized the most: the development of the
harpoon or the harpoon technology.But more authentic thematic reviews tend to break away from
chronological order. Explore the academic literature examining the role of corticosteroids in asthma
treatment. The chances are high that someone will already have published a literature review ( Figure
1 ), if not exactly on the issue you are planning to tackle, at least on a related topic. For the sperm
whale project, one methodological approach would be to look at cultural differences between the
portrayal of whales in American, British, and French art work. These cookies will be stored in your
browser only with your consent. Sure, both annotated bibliography and literature review list the
research topic-related sources. You can gather related resources from scholarly journals, conference
papers and articles and from some other relevant references or resources which have in-depth
research sources. Evaluate the credibility, reliability, and quality of the sources using criteria such as
peer-review status, author credentials, and the methodology employed. Try to analyze the patterns,
turning points, and key debates that have shaped the direction of the field. Combining these factors
allows researchers to determine the reliability and credibility of sources, ensuring a solid foundation
for a trustworthy literature review. Select the databases you will use to conduct your searches. One
should also take the following vital steps to ensure a well-structured and effective review. A
collection of all the scholarly writings on a topic A systematic method for identifying, evaluating and
interpreting the work produced by researchers. On the other end of the spectrum, there might be a
wealth of research regarding a certain topic within one country (say the US), but very little research
on that same topic in a different social context (say, China). Think about why this is important for
your research. Analysis: Involves critically evaluating and summarizing key findings, methodologies,
and debates found in academic literature. The first step to write is to start the thought process by
critically evaluating the topic you have decided to work on. Social media, Facebook, Instagram,
Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok Body image, self-perception, self-esteem, mental health Generation Z,
teenagers, adolescents, youth Search for relevant sources Use your keywords to begin searching for
sources. Too narrow of an idea might be detrimental for a literature review, meaning one might not
have enough supporting articles. Any lit review is only as good as the research it discusses; make sure
your sources are well-chosen and your research is thorough. In this case, you should dig around the
thesis topic, research objectives, and purpose. Give the name of the film Prominent stars and their
roles Basic setting Type of film If it is based on a book. Ask your professor questions such as: “If
you had to read only one book from the 90’s on topic X, what would it be?” Questions such as this
help you to find and determine quickly the most seminal pieces in the field. After doing a literature
review, you should know what research has already been done and be able to identify what is
unknown within your topic. Some characters are dynamic and change over the course of a story,
while others are static and do not grow or change due to the story’s action.
Firstly, there is scope for more empirical research examining the process of governance. International
small business journal, 15 (3), 56-77. A literature review can be just a simple summary of the
sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. The
test combines basic multiple choice questions with ones in which students read a passage and apply
their knowledge. So it is always essential to have a formal literature review in your dissertation or
research project. Literature reviews also provide a solid background for a research paper’s
investigation. History: The chronological progression of the field, the research literature, or an idea
that is necessary to understand the literature review, if the body of the literature review is not already
a chronology. It does not require reading all the sources in the list. A comprehensive search would
combine a keyword search and a subject search. It is also helpful to use as a guide is the searches are
not finding any useful results. Primary sources of the literature review can be sourced from: a.
Methodological Approaches to Study the Process of Governance and Decision-Making During the
COVID-19 Pandemic Different methodological approaches and methods for collecting data are used
in the included publications ( Figure 3 ). Should you summarize, synthesize, or critique your sources
by discussing a common theme or issue. We suggest that future systematic reviews should focus on
studying the best practices and lessons learned to enhance governance and decision-making during
pandemic. New York: Longman. Troyka, Lynn Quittman, and Doug Hesse. 2016. Simon and
Schuster Handbook for Writers, 11th ed. Below we describe the levels and aspects that emerged
from the findings. The theoretical literature review helps to establish what theories already exist, the
relationships between them, to what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to
develop new hypotheses to be tested. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are
stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website.
One version of third person is called third-person omniscient: the narrator is “all-knowing” and can
see into the minds of all the characters, providing the most information possible. It aids in selecting
appropriate research methods and supports argumentation. Problem formulation -- which topic or
field is being examined and what are its component issues? 2. We have a complete guide to point of
view here for further details. And don’t forget to tap into your professor’s (or other professors’)
knowledge in the field. Make sure you check with your instructor to see which of the two you are
expected to produce. What are the most important topics, subtopics, etc., that your review needs to
include. Not only does understanding the various elements of literature help us to answer literature
analysis questions in exam situations, but it also helps us develop a deeper appreciation of literature
in general. The subsections might include how they are personified, how their proportions are
exaggerated, and their behaviors misunderstood. Present the rationale for the proposed research
study. Also, ignorance of correct and sufficient information will affect the scope and reputation of
the research work, relevant theories, evidence, methodologies and examples act as the pillar to your
proof and conclusion. It does not have to do anything with the contents of the material instead, it
involves the methods used by the writer or researcher.
The test combines basic multiple choice questions with ones in which students read a passage and
apply their knowledge. Eight publications use purely qualitative methods for data collection using a
combination of one or more techniques, out of which the most commonly used method is key
stakeholder interviews, followed by document analysis. By integrating new insights, a literature
review contributes to the dynamic evolution of theories, fostering a nuanced understanding of the
subject matter. This heterogeneity in research design though reflects the comprehensive
understanding of the research topics, it also poses potential challenges in terms of synthesizing
findings, ensuring methodological rigour and the generalizability of research findings. It is very
important in any research because it gives direction to the research. Give three examples from each
text that convey that specific tone. Based on your reading and notes, you can look for: Trends and
patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches become more or less popular over time.
It identifies gaps, informs research questions, and guides methodology. Make clear points of
inference and explain the relationships between the studied pieces of literature. Includes plot,
conflict, settings, characters, style and tone. Action. Anything which happens within a story. A
literature review can also be a valuable tool in identifying potential gaps in the existing research. Rely
heavily on the guidelines your instructor has given you. Review the abstracts of research studies
carefully. Background and significance The purpose of this section is to explain the context of your
proposal and to describe, in detail, why it is important to undertake this research. The practical
relevance and contribution to new studies are also welcome. ? What Are the 5 C’s of Writing a
Literature Review. By the end, you'll know how to create a compelling literature review and add
your own ideas to the mix. Thinking at research challenges from different vectors is a significant
technique for finding new answers to problems or getting a fresh viewpoint, especially in the social
sciences. In the two publications, the authors are not affiliated with any organisation. This guide
contains sections that deal with how to create a literature review including videos and a variety of
links. In a research proposal, this can take two forms: a reference list or a bibliography. What is it?.
Explication: a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or
operation or circumstances etc.;. Why learn it. The more experience a student gains in creating and
analyzing texts regarding these elements, the more adept they will become in their use. Make sure
your research question is not too broad or too narrow. It is difficult to state in the research paper
about every aspect of the research in this world; hence it must be too general or blurred or out of
focus. Such contextual attributes as goal, structure, and components differ a lot. THE STORY
TELLERS BUNDLE OF TEACHING RESOURCES A MASSIVE COLLECTION of resources
for narratives and story writing in the classroom covering all elements of crafting amazing stories.
Please, check out my other products and resources at my teacher store: Hopefully my products will
help strengthen your lessons, help your students learn, and make your life easier. A literature review
must do the following: It should organized around and related directly to the. The primary goal of a
systematic literature review is to provide an unbiased and evidence-based summary of the existing
research in order to answer specific research questions or address gaps in knowledge. Thirdly, there is
an opportunity for scholars and practitioners from LMICs to engage and claim space in the research
on governance during health emergencies.
Held for murder and worryin’ about her preserves” HALE Women are used to worrying over trifles
“We live close together and we live far apart. While the study focuses on one topic, harpoon
technology, it will still be organized chronologically. Elements of Literature. Story. This is the link to
the story “The Interlopers” by Saki. Plot. It does not require reading all the sources in the list.
Facebook Instagram RSS Twitter Site Links Home Finance Celebrity Education Gist Example of
NYSC Update Scholarship Health Politics Relationship Sports Technology World News The latest
African Countries With The Highest Corruption Rate According to Global Ranking In 2024. A
literature review is a document or section of a document that collects key sources on a topic and
discusses those sources in conversation with each other (also called synthesis ). Identify areas of prior
scholarship to prevent duplication of effort. Thirdly, there is an opportunity for scholars and
practitioners from LMICs to engage and claim space in the research on governance during health
emergencies. For guidance on formatting citations, please see the UNC Libraries citation tutorial.
Three common figures of speech are personification, simile, and metaphor. How does a literature
review differ from other types of academic writing. Inevitably, new papers on the reviewed topic
(including independently written literature reviews) will appear from all quarters after the review has
been published, so that there may soon be the need for an updated review. If you have found some
recurring central themes, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address
different aspects of the topic. Use different coloured highlighters or post its on the wall, whatever
works for you. Dialect is variation of a given language spoken in a particular place or by a particular
group of people. The type of information you choose to mention should relate directly to the
review’s focus, whether it is thematic, methodological, or chronological. It allows the research to
challenge or accept the content of the theory chosen. Let’s look at two main types of the first-person
point of view. It represents a wide range of theories and essential concepts and their definition
engaged in research journals. This helps create a coherent narrative and highlights the connections
between different works. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Such
information includes main characters, basic conflict, and setting. Conflict. Evaluate the overall
impact of each source on your review's coherence and depth, ensuring that selected sources
contribute substantively to your research topic. Maintain a clear focus on your research question and
objectives. As well as being described in comprehensive physical detail, we will gain an insight into
the character’s interior life, their hopes, fears, dreams, desires, etc. Rule 5: Keep the Review
Focused, but Make It of Broad Interest Whether your plan is to write a mini- or a full review, it is
good advice to keep it focused 16, 17. Explain why the research design and methods chosen for this
study are appropriate, and why other design and methods were not chosen. Next Step: See Writing
the Literature Review Qualitative and Quantitative Research Qualitative research methods are tools
for gathering information that does not take a numerical form that can be counted and otherwise
manipulated mathematically. Introduction Not to be confused with a book review, a literature review
surveys scholarly articles, books and other sources (e.g. dissertations, conference proceedings)
relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, providing a description, summary, and
critical evaluation of each work. Only that way, you’ll answer the research question. ?? Step 2.
Identify the Review Scope One more essential thing to do is to define the research boundaries: don’t
make them too broad or too narrow.