THROWING EVENTS

Shot put
Discus
Javelin
Hammer

RUNNING EVENTS

Short distance or sprints

Middle distance
Long distance
Hurdles
Relays

JUMPING EVENTS
High jump
Long jump
Pole vault
Triple jump
Throwing Events:
1. Shot Put:
 Health-related fitness: Emphasizes upper body strength,
power, and coordination. Develops muscular strength
and power in the arms, shoulders, chest, and core.
2. Discus:
 Health-related fitness: Similar to shot put, emphasizes
upper body strength, power, and coordination. Develops
muscular strength and power in the arms, shoulders,
chest, and core.
3. Javelin:
 Health-related fitness: Requires full-body strength,
power, and coordination. Develops muscular strength
and power in the arms, shoulders, back, and core.
4. Hammer:
 Health-related fitness: Emphasizes lower body strength,
power, and coordination. Develops muscular strength
and power in the legs, hips, and core.
Running Events:
1. Short Distance or Sprints:
 Health-related fitness: Focuses on speed, power, and
anaerobic capacity. Develops cardiovascular health,
muscular strength, and power in the lower body.
2. Middle Distance:
 Health-related fitness: Requires a balance of speed and
endurance. Develops cardiovascular health, aerobic
capacity, and muscular endurance.
3. Long Distance:
 Health-related fitness: Emphasizes endurance and
aerobic capacity. Develops cardiovascular health, aerobic
endurance, and muscular endurance.
4. Hurdles:
 Health-related fitness: Combines sprinting with agility
and coordination. Develops cardiovascular health,
muscular strength, power, and agility.
5. Relays:
 Health-related fitness: Involves short bursts of high-
intensity running. Develops cardiovascular health,
muscular strength, power, and teamwork.
Jumping Events:
1. High Jump:
 Health-related fitness: Requires explosive power, speed,
and coordination. Develops lower body muscular
strength and power.
2. Long Jump:
 Health-related fitness: Emphasizes speed, power, and
coordination. Develops lower body muscular strength
and power.
3. Pole Vault:
 Health-related fitness: Combines sprinting, jumping, and
upper body strength. Develops overall muscular strength,
power, and coordination.
4. Triple Jump:
 Health-related fitness: Requires speed, power, and
coordination in multiple phases. Develops lower body
muscular strength and power.
THROWING EVENTS

Shot Put
The shot put has been an Olympic sport since 1896 and involves
pushing or putting a heavy metal ball called a shot out of a 7-foot
diameter concrete circle. The shot weighs 16 lbs. in men's
competitions and 8.8 lbs. for women. The two main methods used
in shot put are the spin and the glide. Most top putters use the
spin method. The men's world record for the shot is 23 meters, 12
centimeters -- or 75 feet and 10 inches, and is held by American
Randy Barnes, as of 2010. The women's world record of 22
meters, 63 centimeters -- or 74 feet and 3 inches, is held by
Natalya Lisovskaya of Russia.

Discus
Discus throwing has been a sport since ancient Greece circa 708
B.C. and consists of throwing a heavy circular disc as far as
possible. Up until 1906, the discuss was thrown from an elevated
pedestal but modern discuss throwers use a circle similar in size
and design to shot putters. Discus throwing was featured in the
first Olympics in 1896 and was one of the fist women's Olympic
events in 1928. Men throw a discuss weighing 4 lb., 7 oz. while
women's discus weighs 2 lb., 3 oz. Discus throwers use rotational
throwing technique, which can see the discuss flying to distances
as far as 250 feet.
Javelin
Javelin throwing was once an integral part of ancient warfare and
the farther a warrior cou javelin, the greater his standing in the
army. The first men's Olympic javelin event was in 1932 for
women. Originally made of wood, modern javelins are made of
metal. Men's jave g and women's javelins weigh 600 g. Javelins
can be thrown huge distances and have had redesigned as
athletes were generating throws in excess of the length of
modern athletics s throwing is the only track and field throwing
event that allows a run up.

Hammer
The hammer throwers of old used to throw blacksmiths hammers.
The hammer used in modern. competition does not really
resemble a hammer and consists of a heavy metal ball and a long
wire handle. The hammer is thrown from a 7-foot diameter
concrete circle after the thrower has spun around three or four
timesThe hammer used in men's competitions weighs 16 lbsand
the hammer used by women weighs 8.82 lbsThe men's world
record is held by Yuriy Sedykh and measures 86.76 meters, as of
2010. The women's world record is 78.30 and is held by Anita
Włodarczyk of Poland.
Running Events
Short Distance or Sprint
A sprint is a short running raceIn a track and field competition
there are generally three different sprint distances: 100m200m,
and 400mThe original Olympic event the stadion race, was a
sprint of around 180m. A sprint race starts out with the runners in
starting blocks in their lane. The official will say "on your marks".
At this point the racer should be focused on the track, have their
feet placed in the blocks. fingers on the ground behind the
starting line, hands slightly wider than shoulder width, muscles
relaxed. Next the official will say "Set". At this point the runner
should get their hips slightly above shoulder level, feet pushed
hard into the blocks, holding their breath and ready to race. Then
there is the bang and the race has started. The runner should
exhale and run out of the blocks not jumping. The initial part of
the race the runner is accelerating to top speedOnce top speed is
achieved then endurance kicks in as the runner tries to maintain
that speed for the rest of the sprint
Middle Distance
The middle distance races are the 800m, the 1500m, and the 1
mile long runs. These races require different skills and tactics to
win that the sprints. They rely more on endurance and pacing
than just pure speed. Also, the runners don't stay in a single lane
for the entire race. They start out in staggered lanes, to make the
distance the same for each runner, but the race soon becomes
open with no lanes and the runners must to pass around each
other to gain the lead.
Long Distance There are three main long distance races: the
3000m, the 5000m, and the 10,000m races. These races are
similar to the middle distance races, but the emphasis is even
more on correct pacing and endurance.

Hurdles
A hurdles race is one in which obstacles are placed at intervals
along the track that the runners must jump over on their way the
finish line. Typical hurdle races are the 100m and 400m for
women and 110m and 400m for men

Relays
Relay races are where teams of runners compete against each
other. There are typically 4 runners and 4 legs to the race. The
first runner starts with the baton and runs the first leg handing off
to the second runner. The hand off must typically take place
within a given area of the track. The second then hands off to the
third and the third to the fourth. The fourth runner runs the final,
or anchor, leg to the finish line. Common relay races are the
4x100m and the 4x400m.
Jumping Events
High Jump
In the high jump event, the athlete gets a running start and must
jump over a bar without knocking it over. They land on a big soft
cushion. Like many track and field events, there is a key element
to doing well in this sport, which in this case is being able to jump
high, but technique is very important as well. Timing and leaving
your feet at the right point as well as how you bend your body as
you go over the bar are all important.

Long Jump
Like many field events, the long jump involves more skill and
technique than just being able to jump first the athlete must have
good speed as they sprint down the runway to prepare for the
jump; next they must have very good footwork at the end of their
run so they can launch as close to the line as possible without
going over the line and faulting; third they must make a good
jump; and lastly they must have proper form through the air and
into the landing. All of these techniques and skills must be
executed to perfection to pull of a good long jump.
Pole Vault
While all of the field events take require technique to excel, the
pole vault may be the toughest to master in this track and field
event the athlete runs down the track holding a pole at one end.
At the end of the run the plant the far in of the pole into a metal
box in ground and then propel themselves up and over a high bar
using both a jump and the spring of the pole to gain height. They
must get over the bar without knocking it off. They then land on a
large soft mattress for safety

Triple Jump
The triple jump is similar to the long jump, but there are three
combined jumps that go into the total length. These are called the
hop, the step, and the jump. The athlete will first run down the
track gaining speed; at the start of the jump or take off point they
will jump from one foot and land on that same foot (hop); they
then jump again, this time landing on the opposite foot (step);
next they jump as far as they can and land on both feet (jump).