NOTES

-always be pollite to the panel

-don’t interfere when panel is talking

-say thank u as much as possible

-if question is not related or far away from study answer “sorry maam us researchers haven’t reached
that part of our study yet.”

For me

-Talk confidently

-if magkasayop recover well

-don’t act anxious

-be confident

Cementitious- a nature of cement

1st slide katong pics

then describe powerplants brief ra after that is which produces coal ash

GOODMORNING PANELS, CLASSMATES, AUDIENCE

I am Keanne Denzell B. Aguilar

A researcher that will present the study of “Coal Ash components as Partial Cementitious
Resource in Production of Artificial Coral Reef (Anthozoa)”

INTRODUCTION

According to Mapping the Coal Ash Contamination, 2020 For decades utilities
have dangerously disposed coal ash dumping it into lakes, ponds, landfill, etc.
Where toxins leak into groundwater. Toxins like mercury, cadmium and arsenic.
Without proper management, these contaminants can pollute waterways, g round water,
drinking water, and the air. But according to EPA Coal ash isn’t hazardous? During coal
combustion, large amounts of ash are created along with carbon dioxide and other
gases. The fine particle ash that rises up with the flue gases is known as fly or flue ash
while the heavier ash that does not rise is called bottom ash(Hannan, 2015).

The main problem here is the sheer amount of coal ash produced every year which
averages around 140 million tons around the world. Some powerplants dispose coal
ash surface impoundments - known as wet ash ponds because the ash is kept wet to
ensure it does not fly away - or in landfills, while others get rid of the ash by putting it
into a waterway. As I explained before bottom ash stays on the ground and doesn’t rise
same with fly ash it also causes harm to the environment and health of people when
disposed improperly like contamination of soil, water, and air. Bottom ash is a type of
coal ash that is generated during the combustion of coal in power plants. It is the
heavier ash residue that settles at the bottom of the combustion chamber or boiler.
When bottom ash is disposed of improperly, it can potentially contaminate soil, water,
and air, and pose risks to human health and wildlife.
Today, fly ash is used widely in concrete because it is rich in siliceous and
aluminous compounds and has high potential to be used as a raw material to
produce pozzolan cement or fine aggregate, especially it was used as pozzolanic
material to partially replace cement in concrete. Benefits of fly ash result in three main
advantages: firstly, the use of a zero-cost raw material, secondly, the conservation
of natural resources, and thirdly, the elimination of waste In the past several
years, fly ash Philippines has been introduced and used as an additive to cement.
Cement batching plants nationwide and all over the world use fly ash to improve the
strength of concrete mix. This shift in the market has enabled the demand for fly ash to
become an additive in a wide variety of uses in the construction field These studies
have shown that incorporating bottom ash in concrete can improve the strength and
durability of concrete, as well as reduce its environmental impact. This can contribute to
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and lowering the carbon footprint of concrete.
Artificial coral reefs are created to provide habitats for marine organisms, enhance
fish populations, and support overall marine biodiversity. : Fishermen may see the use
of coal ash as an artificial coral reef as a positive economic opportunity. Artificial reefs
can create new fish habitats and attract fish populations, potentially leading to increased
fish abundance and diversity. This could benefit local fishermen by providing new fishing
grounds and potentially increasing their catch, which could improve their livelihoods and
income.

According to US EPA, 2014 Beneficial use of coal ash can produce positive
environmental, economic and performance benefits such as reduced use of virgin
resources, lower greenhouse gas emissions, reduced cost of coal ash disposal, and
improved strength and durability of materials The goal of these artificial reefs is
generally to provide a stable growing area for corals, and habitat for fishes and all the
other organisms that you would find on a natural reef.

RRL

Coal ash can contain particulates hence Coal ash is the mineralized residue left over
from burning coal to generate electricity. On the other hand
Fly ash is a very fine powdery residue from coal-fired plants 2Fly ash is captured in the
stack. 3Onsite coal ash ponds should mainly consist of fly ash, which is made up of
heavy metals. 1 Fly ash is a fine, powdery material that is a byproduct of burning coal
in power plants to generate electricity. 4 It is used in a wide range of applications,
including as a partial replacement for Portland cement in the production of concrete, as
a component in the manufacture of bricks, blocks, and tiles, etc. And is valued for its
Pozzolanic properties. POZZOLANICE WE’LL GET BACK TO THAT LATER.
The opposite of coal ash is Bottom ash. Bottom ash is is a heavier, coarse material that is
captured at the bottom of the coal furnace during the combustion process in coal-fired
power plants. It consists of larger, heavier particles that do not rise with the flue gases
and are not captured in the stacks like fly ash.
And as researchers we tend to think what could the mixture of both ashes do? So
Fly and bottom ash can be mixed together in various proportions to create a blended
coal ash mixture This approach is sometimes referred to as "ash blending" or "ash
utilization." In summary fly ash is used in smaller portions compared to bottom ash fly
ash being approximately 15-30% due to its high pozzolanic reactivity. While bottom ash
can be used as replacement for fine aggregates such as sand and can typically go up to
100%. Mixing bottom ash with fly ash may result in a blended ash mixture with reduced
pozzolanic activity, which can impact the strength, durability, and other properties of the
concrete. Pozzolanic property refers to the ability of certain materials to react with
calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in the presence of water to form cementitious compounds.
These cementitious compounds contribute to the strength, durability, and other
properties of concrete. Furthermore we have

Geopolymer refers to a type of cementitious material that is formed by activating

natural or industrial by-products, such as fly ash, slag, or other silicate-rich materials,
with alkaline solutions. Unlike traditional Portland cement, which relies on the hydration
of calcium silicates, geopolymer concrete utilizes a different chemical reaction that
involves the formation of aluminosilicate gels