International Business and Trade

Cadawas-Magat-Wong
DOMESTVS INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

-consumer
-purchasing power
-product and packaging
-currency
-payment term
-physical distribution
-language
-communication
Phases of International Marketing
Subhash Jain's (1995) book International
Marketing Management
1. Domestic Exporter
2. Regional Exporter
3. Exporter
4. International Exporter
5. International to Global Exporter
6. Global Exporter
 Cateora and Graham (2004)
1. No Direct Marketing
2. Infrequent Foreign Marketing
3. Regular Foreign Marketing
4. International Marketing
5. Global Marketing
 Internal and External reasons why companies venture into
international marketing (Dalgic 1997):
1. Internal Reasons
To utilize the firm's excess capacity
To take advantage of higher purchasing power in overseas markets
To take advantage of the government's export promotion drive
To find other markets as the firm's product experiences a decline in
sales in the home market
To find other markets as stiff competition in the domestic or
home market has reduced the firm's soles
To diversify the firm's power base in different geographic locations
2. External Reasons

To take advantage of tax incentives and promotional packages

offered by certain countries to foreign investors
To take advantage of low labor and raw material costs in foreign
countries
To take advantage of access to new technologies in foreign
countries
To take advantage of the governments import promotion drive
 Controllable Uncontrollable Controllable
Factors Factors Factors
(Domestic) (International)
1. Product
1. Competition 1. Cultural forces
2. Price
2. Political Forces
3. Promotion
3. Economic Situations
4. Place
5. Physical Distribution
6. Presentation
INTERNATIONAL
BUSINESSS AND
TRADE
HRDM 3-3
 CLASSICAL VS. NEO-
CLASSICAL TRADE THEORY
OF TRADING AND TRADE
BARRIERS
 CLASSICAL TRADE THEORY

>> based on the labor cost theory of value

*2 by 2 by 2 rule*
>> 2 countries, 2 goods, 2 factors of
production
 CLASSICAL THEORIES OF
TRADE

I. Theory of Mercantilism

II. Theory of absolute Advantage

III. Theory of Comparative Cost Advantage

 NEO-CLASSICAL TRADE
THEORY

>> two countries with identical production conditions

benefit from trade.
 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

>> summarises the economic transactions of an economy with

the rest of the world.

3 MAIN CATEGORIES OF BOP

I. Current account
II. Capital Account
III. Financial account
 PROTECTIONISM

>>An economic policy that restrains trade between

counties.
 THE ISSUE OF
PROTECTIONISM
“While nations benefits from global trade,
Debate over the appropriate amount of trade
in international economics is the most
significant policy theme. Governments have
been concerned about the impact of
international competition on domestic
industries’ prosperity. They have tried to
shield industries from foreign competition by
limiting imports or subsidizing exports.
BASIC THEORIES AND CONCEPT IN
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Mercantilism – this is the old theory of international trade.
- It started in the middle of 16th century which appeared in
England.

Absolute Advantage – focus in the production of goods for

which they have an absolute advantage

Comparative advantage – purchasing the goods it

produces less effectively from other nations
BASIC THEORIES AND CONCEPT IN
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Heckscher-Ohlin Theory – will export those goods that make
intensive use of locally abundant

New Trade Theory – This theory explains the existence of

trade between similar countries
 TRADE BARRIERS
>>refers to any regulation or policy that restricts
international trade.

Objectives of imposing trade barriers are:

» Protect domestic industries
» Promote indigenous research and development
» Conserve foreign exchange resources of the country
» Control consumption and mobilize revenue for government
» Guard against dumping*
 CLASSIFICATION OF TRADE
BARRIERS

1.Tariff barriers
2.Non-tariff barriers

1.Tariff barriers -taxes charged on the import of

goods from foreign countries.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
TARRIFS
Exports tariffs- imposed by the country of origin on exported
products.

Transit tariffs- imposed on goods passing through a country

Import tariffs- imposed by the country of destination on
imported products.

Ad valorem tariff - assessed as a percentage of the value of

an item.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
TARRIFS
Revenue tariff- designed to obtain revenue rather than to
restrict imports.

Protective tariff- enacted with the aim of protecting a domestic

industry.

Specific tariff- a fixed tax imposed on one unit of imported

good
 CLASSIFICATION OF TRADE
BARRIERS

1.Tariff barriers
2.Non-tariff barriers

2. Non-tariff barriers- obstacles to international

trade, other than tariffs.
 FORMS OF NON - TARRIF
BARRIERS
Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs)- limitations on the
quantity of exports.

Import quotas- limitations on the quantity of imports.

Dumping- exporting of a product below foreign market

price
 A WARM
THANK YOU
TO ALL OF YOU!
 WEEK FOUR
Presentation

HRDM 3-3 | 2023

Overview

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Trading Blocs
International Monetary Fund
World Trade Organization
deals with the rules of trade
between nations at a global or near-
global level.
consists of over 160 members
representing 98% of world trade.
HISTORY

came into being on January 1,1995 and

it’s located in Geneva, Switzerland

WTO is the successor to the General

Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Roles of WTO

1. it operates a global system of trade rules

2. acts as a forum for negotiating trade

agreements
Roles of WTO

3 settles trade disputes between its members

.
4. supports the needs of developing
countries
FACTS
open trade for the benefit if all.
run by its member governments
it could not function without its
Secretariat to coordinate the
activities.
FACTS
The WTO agreements cover
goods, services and intellectual
property.
The WTO resolves trade
quarrels under the Dispute
Settlement Understanding
What WTO stands for?
Non-discrimination

Opening Trade

Predictability and transparency

What WTO stand for?
Fair Competition

Support for less developed countries

Protection of the environment

Trading Blocs
groups of countries in specific
regions that manage and promote
trade activities.
Bilateral Agreements
Multilateral Agreements
Kinds of Trade Blocs
Preferential trading areas (PTAs)

Free trade areas (FTAs)

Custom unions
Kinds of Trade Blocs
Common market

Economic unions

Custom unions
Examples
Association of Southeastern Asian Nations (ASEAN)

European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR)

African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)

 TAYMPERS!!!!

ICE BREAKER KA MUNA

GUESS THE WORD
REBUS PUZZLE GAME
USE THE PICTURES TO GUESS THE WORD.

READY ?
 ANSWER :

LOVE AT
FIRST SIGHT.
 ANSWER :

SON OF A
GUN
 ANSWER :

READ BETWEEN
THE LINES
 ANSWER :

SPACE
INVADERS
 ANSWER :

SPLIT
PERSONALITY
why countries form
TRADE BLOCS

1. Market Access

2. Economies of Scale
3. Reducing Trade Barriers

4. Enhancing Competitiveness

5. Attracting Foreign Investment

6. Political Cooperation

7. Counteracting
Pressures
External Economic

.
8. Cultural and Regional Affinities
 9. Strategic Alliances

10. Transition to Global Integration

International Monetary Fund
works to achieve sustainable growth
and prosperity for all of its 190
member countries.
FACTS
has about 290 billion USD in total
quotas available
largest public monetary lender
worldwide.
0% interest rate on loans to low-
income countries
$1 trillion in total that the IMF can
lend to member countries
3 Critical Missions
furthering international monetary cooperation

encouraging the expansion of trade and economic

growth
discouraging policies that would harm prosperity
functions & responsibilities of
IMF

1. Surveillance

2. Financial Assistance

3. Technical Assistance
Capacity Development
and
4. Research and Data

5. Financial Stability

6. International Monetary Cooperation

How has the IMF responded
to the Covid-19 pandemic?
ensuing economic shocks increased demand from
members for financial assistance.
temporarily increased access to funds overall and to
emergency financing
it extended zero interest rates
How is the IMF funded?

come from three sources: member quotas, credit

arrangements, and bilateral borrowing agreements
·Most money comes from its members who contribute
based on their size and economic position
REFERENCES
https://www.wto.org/
https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/macroeconomics/internationa
l-economics/trading-blocs/
https://www.britannica.com/facts/International-Monetary-Fund
https://www.imf.org/en/About/Factsheets/IMF-at-a-Glance
https://www.imf.org/en/About/Timeline
https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/COVID-Lending-Tracker
INTERNATIONAL MARKETING
 DIFFERENT

ENTRY MODES IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Start
 ENTRY MODES IN
INTERNATIONAL
1. Franchising MARKETING
a continuing business in which the
franchisor provides a licensed
privilege to the franchisee to do
business.
ADVANTAGES:
Possibly easier to finance.
Access to quality training and
ongoing support.
Established concept with reduced
risk of failure.
Access to extensive advertising.
Few start-up problems.
Use of well-known trade mark or
trade name.
DISADVANTAGES:
Onerous reporting requirements
Costs of supplies or materials may be
more expensive.
Possible exaggeration of advantages by
franchiser.
Cost of franchise and other fees may
reduce your profit margins.
Inflexibility due to restrictions imposed
by franchiser.
Termination policies of franchiser may
allow little security.
 ENTRY MODES IN
INTERNATIONAL
2. Licensing MARKETING
it is an agreement that you as the
licensor allows someone to sell
your product in exchange with
royalty fees.
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
It requires little capital.
It is the quickest and easiest way to The licensor may establish his her own
enter a foreign market. competitor.
I t enables the firm to gain knowledge of It provides limited returns.
and access to the local market. Problem of control on license may arise.
It provides a means of entry when
import restrictions forbid any other
ways or when a country is sensitive to
foreign ownership.
It offers savings on tariff, transport and
local production costs.
 ENTRY MODES IN
3. Manufacturing INTERNATIONAL
the production of goods through
MARKETING
the use of labour, machinery, tools
and biological or chemical
processing or formulation.
 ENTRY MODES IN
3. Manufacturing INTERNATIONAL
These local firms can assume any of
MARKETING
these forms:
1. Assembly Plant - The firm
produces domestically all or
most of the components of a
product, or the finished
product itself.
 ENTRY MODES IN
3. Manufacturing INTERNATIONAL
These local firms can assume any of
MARKETING
these forms:
2. Contract Manufacturing - The
product is manufactured for the foreign
market by a local firm under contract
with the international company. It is
commonly known as Outsourcing.
 ENTRY MODES IN
3. Manufacturing INTERNATIONAL
These local firms can assume any of
MARKETING
these forms:
3. Joint Venture - The firm has
enough equity position to have a
voice in management, but not
enough to completely dominate
or control the venture.
 ENTRY MODES IN
3. Manufacturing INTERNATIONAL
These local firms can assume any of
MARKETING
these forms:

4. Wholly-Owned Subsidiary -
There is 100% local ownership of
the international firm.
 ENTRY MODES IN
4. Management Contract INTERNATIONAL
Production is irrelevant to the mother MARKETING
companies. They merely supply
management know-how to a foreign
company that is willing to supply
capital to them. The local firm, on the
other, exports management services.
 ENTRY MODES IN
5. Exporting INTERNATIONAL
refers to the marketing of
MARKETING
goods and services produced
in off country into another
country.
ADVANTAGES:
Enhances domestic competitiveness.
Increases sales and profits.
Gains global market share.
Exploits corporate fechnology and know-how.
Extends the sales potential of existing
products.
Stabilizes seasong market fluctuations.
Enhances potential for corporate expansion.
Sells excess production capacity.
Gains information about foreign competition.
DISADVANTAGES:
Develops new promotional matorial.
Subordinates short term profits to long-
term gains.
Incurs added administrotive costs.
Allocates personnel for travel.
Waits longer for payment.
Modities product or packaging.
Applies for additional financing.
Obtains special export licenses.
 INTERNATIONAL TRADE TERMS

INCOTERMS (International Commercial Terms)

Start
The International Rules for the
Interpretation of Trade Terms (INCOTERMS
or International Commercial Terms) came
into being in 1936 (Incoterms).
According to the U.S Export Governmental
Portal, there are 13 INCOTERMS categorized
in 4 groups:

Departure (E)
Main Carriage Unpaid by the Seller (F)
Main Carriage Paid by the Seller (C)
Arrival at Stated Destination (D)
These are the 13 INCOTERMS:

A. Departure (E)
1. EXW - Ex-Works Factory

B. Main Carriage Unpaid by the Seller (F)

1. FCA - Free Carrier
2. FAS - Free Alongside Ship
3. FOB - Free on Board
These are the 13 INCOTERMS:

C.Main Carriage Paid by the Seller (C)

1. CSR - Cost and Freight
2. CIF - Cost, Insurance and Freight
3. CPT - Carriage Paid To
4. CIP - Carriage and Insurance Paid To
These are the 13 INCOTERMS:

D. Arrival at Stated Destination (D)

1. DAF - Delivered at Frontier
2. DES - Delivered Ex-Ship
3. DEQ - Delivered Ex-Quay
4. DDU - Delivered Duty Unpaid
5. DDP - Delivered Duty Paid
 INTERNATIONAL TRADE TERMS

4 COMMONLY USED INCOTERMS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Start
1. Ex-Works Factory (EXF) - the seller
fulfills his /her obligation when he/she
has made the goods available at his/her
premises. He/she is not responsible for
loading the goods on the vehice provided
by the buyer or for clearing the goods
for export, unless otherwise agreed
upon.
2. Free on Board (FOB) - means that the
seller fulfills his /her obligation to
deliver when the goods have passed the
ship's rail at the named port of shipment.
3. Cost and Freight (CFR) - means that the
seller must pay the costs and freight
necessary to bring the goods to the named
port of destination, but the risk of loss of
or damage to the goods, as well as any
additional costs due to any event occurring
after the time the goods have been delivered
on board the vessel, is transferred from the
seller to the buyer when the goods pass the
ship's rail in the port of shipment.
4. Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF)
- means that the seller has the same
obligations at those under CFR Port of
Destination, but with the addition that
he/she has to procure marine insurance
against the buyer's risk insurance and
pays the insurance premium.
THAT WILL BE ALL.
HAVE A GOODNIGHT!
Entry Modes in International Marketing

Hey! It’s Cyrielle

I
II
III
IV
V
I

Five Entry Modes

1. Franchising
2. Licensing
3. Manufacturing
4. Management Contracts
5. Exporting

II
III
IV
V
I II

Franchising
A form of business by which the
owner (franchisor) of a product,
service or method obtains
distribution through affiliated
delears (franchisees).
III
IV
V
I II III

Franchising (Pros)

• Possibly easier to finance

• Established concept with
reduced risk failure
• Access to extensive advertising
• Few start-up problems

IV
V
I II III

Franchising (Cons)

• Cost of supplies or materials

may be more expensive
• Franchiser may saturate your
territory
• Cost of franchise and other fees
may reduce your profit margins

IV
V
I II

Licensing
Entails only a part of a
whole franchising
aspect.
III
IV
V
I II III

Licensing (Pros)
• It requires little capital
• It is the quickest way to enter a
foreign market
• It enables a firm to gain knowledge of
and access to the market
• It offers savings on tariff, transport
and local production cost

IV
V
I II

Manufacturing
Lumped into several categories,
certain local companies are
mostly concerned with the
manufacture products.

III
IV
V
I II

Manufacturing
(Local Firms)
• Assembly plant
• Contract Manufacturing
• Joint Venture
• Wholly-owned plant
III
IV
V
I II

Management Contracts
An arrangement or agreement
between two parties where one party,
known as the manager, agrees to
provide management services to the
other party, known as the client, for
an agreed duration.

III
IV
V
I II

Exporting
Marketing of goods
and services produced
in one country.
III
IV
V
I II

Exporting
(Modes of Entry)
• Producer Exporter
• Exporter Trader
• Selling Agent
• Buying Agent
• Subcontractor
III
IV
V
I II III

Exporting (Pros)
• Enhances domestic
competitiveness
• Increase sales and profit
• Gains global market share
• Sells excess production capacity

IV
V
I II III

Exporting (Cons)

• Waits longer for payments

• Modifies product or packaging
• Applies for additional financing
• Obtains special export licenses

IV
V
 International Commerical Terms

Hey! It’s Chesca

I
II
III
IV
V
I II III IV

INCOTERMS
Standardized set of rules that all buyers
and sellers must follow when engaging in
international trade. This sets clear
guidelines of cost, insurance and
ownership for each party.

V
I II III IV

PURPOSE OF INCOTERMS
• Clarifies rules
• Reduce Risk
• Helps with accounting
• Managing a shipment
• Avoid misunderstanding

V
I II III IV V

Groups
1. Departure (E)
2. Main Carriage Unpaid
by the Seller (F)
3. Main Carriage Paid
by the Seller (C)
4. Arrival at Stated
Destination (D)
I II III IV V

Departure (e)

(1) EXW — Ex-works (named place)

Seller is responsible for the
goods only inside or within the
factory premises.

Risk is transferred once the goods leave the factory.

I II III IV V

MC Unpaid by S (F)

(2) FCA — Free carrier (named place)

Seller delivers the goods to the carrier
or another party specified by the
buyer at the seller's premises or
another named location.
Risk is transferred once goods are loaded onto
buyer’s transportation.
I II III IV V

MC Unpaid by S (F)

(3) FAS — Free Alongside Ship (port of loading)

Seller delivers goods, cleared

for export, alongside the
vessel at a named port.
Risk is transferred when the goods are placed
alongside the ship.
I II III IV V

MC Unpaid by S (F)

(4) FOB — Free On Board Vessel (port of loading)

Seller delivers goods, cleared for

export, loaded on board the
vessel at the named port
Risk is transferred once the goods have been
loaded on board.
I II III IV V

MC paid by S (C)

(5) CFR — Cost and Freight (port of destination)

Seller pays the costs to export and
ship the freight to the named port
of destination.
The risk transfer occurs when goods are loaded on the
ship at the origin port. The cost transfer occurs when
the goods are delivered to the destination port.
I II III IV V

MC paid by S (C)

(6) CIF — Cost, Insurance and Freight

(port of destination)
Same as the CFR. Difference is just the presence
of the minimum amount of marine insurance
cover on the product that is being sold.

The risk transfer occurs when goods are loaded on the

ship at the origin port. The cost transfer occurs when
the goods are delivered to the destination port.
I II III IV V

MC paid by S (C)

(7) CPT — Carriage Paid To (place of destination)

The seller is responsible for arranging

carriage to the named place, but not for
insuring the goods to the named place.

Risk is transferred once the goods are taken in

charge by a carrier.
I II III IV V

MC paid by S (C)

(8) CIP — Carriage and Insurance Paid To

(place of destination)
Same as the CPT. However, seller is
required to insure the goods in transit and
to pay the transportation itself.
Risk is transferred once the goods are taken in
charge by a carrier.
I II III IV V

Arrival at SD (d)

(9) DPU— Delivered At Place Unloaded

(place of destination)
The seller is responsible for arranging carriage
and for delivering the goods, unloaded from the
arriving means of transport, at the named place.

Risk is transferred once the goods is unloaded.

I II III IV V

Arrival at SD (d)

(10) DAP — Delivered At Place

(place of destination)
Seller is responsible for arranging carriage and
for delivering the goods, ready for unloading
from the arriving means of transport, at the
named place.
Risk is transferred once the goods are available for
unloading.
I II III IV V

Arrival at SD (d)

(11) DDP — Delivered Duty Paid (destination)

Maximum obligations on the seller and

minimum obligations on the buyer.

Risk is transferred once the goods are made available to

the buyer, ready for unloading from the arriving
means of transport.
I II III IV

REFERENCES
Jeong, L. S., & Garcia Jr., L. (n.d.). International Marketing (p. 252) [Review
of International Marketing]. C & E Publishing, Inc. (Original work published 2006)

The Incoterms 2010 Rules - Incoterms Explained. (2010). Incoterms Explained.

https://www.incotermsexplained.com/the-incoterms-rules/incoterms-2010-rules/
‌
iNECTA. (n.d.). Incoterms 2020 Explained – Complete Guide. Www.inecta.com.
Retrieved September 12, 2023, from https://www.inecta.com/blog/incoterms-2020-
explained-complete-guide
‌
The Importance of Incoterms and Why You Need Them - USA Customs Clearance.
(2022, April 28). Usacustomsclearance.com.
https://usacustomsclearance.com/process/the-importance-of-incoterms/
‌

‌
V
 MODES OF
VENTURING INTO
THE EXPORT
BUSINESS
MODES OF VENTURING INTO THE EXPORT BUSINESS
Philippine Trade Training Center's Handbook on the Basics of
Exporting (Philippines Trade Training Center, 2006)

ENTRY MODE 1: ENTRY MODE 4:

PRODUCER-EXPORTER SELLING AGENT

ENTRY MODE 2: ENTRY MODE 5:

EXPORTER-TRADER BUYING AGENT

ENTRY MODE 3:
SUBCONTRACTOR
ENTRY MODE 1:
PRODUCER-EXPORTER

A company produces
goods or services within
its domestic market and
then exports those
products to
international markets.
ENTRY MODE 2:
EXPORTER-TRADER

Allows companies to
leverage their
knowledge of domestic
products and
international markets to
create value in the global
supply chain.
ENTRY MODE 3:
SUBCONTRACTOR

Refers to a specific
method of entering a
foreign market or
engaging in international
business activities by
making use of the
resources of local
partners.
ENTRY MODE 4:
SELLING AGENT

The exporter
appoints a sales
representative or
middleman in the
target market to
represent their goods
or services.
ENTRY MODE 5:
BUYING AGENT

The exporters
employ an agent to
manage their global
business operations.
 EXPORT
MERCHANDISER
 EXPORT MERCHANDISER’S
FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
BUYER SOURCING,
HANDLING AND NEGOTIATION
ASSISTANCE

SUPPLIER SOURCING,
IDENTIFICATION AND ORDER FOLLOW-UP
EVALUATION
M A R K E T

RESEARCH
Week 8

OCTOBER 2023
Market Research
Refers to the gathering, analyzing, and
interpreting information about a particular
market, including its consumers,
competitors, and overall industry.
 Importance of Market
Research

LACK OF EXPERIENCE fACTS AND FIGURE

I don’t have any
experience
Export Market
Research
Elements of Export Market Research
01 Market Potential
Refers to the maximum sales or
revenue opportunity that a specific
product, service, or business can
achieve within a particular market.
03 Marketing Practices
Encompass a wide range of strategies
and techniques used by businesses
and organizations to promote their
products, services, or brand to a
target audience.
02 Product Requirements
Are the detailed descriptions of what a
product should accomplish, its
features, functionality, and design
characteristics.
Buyer
04 Is an individual or entity that
purchases goods, services, or
products from a seller or supplier.
 Market Potential

Product
Market Access
Competition
Is a tangible or intangible item or
service that is created, designed,
Refers to the ability of a company or manufactured for the purpose
or product to enter and compete Refers to the presence of other of satisfying a specific need or
in a specific market. businesses or organizations that offer want of a customer.
similar products or services within the
same market.
Market Size,
Price
Patterns and
Structure
Growth
Market Size- refers to the total sale, revenue, or volume of a
Refers to the way a company or
specific market at a particular point in time.
business sets and organizes the prices
Market Patterns- involve studying trends, consumer
for its product or services.
behavior, and other recurring characteristics within a
market.
Market Growth- is the rate at which a market is expanding.
 Product Requirements
Packaging for Shipment Industrial Package Pack Consumer Pack

Is the process of Refers to the specialized Refers to the packaging

preparing items or packaging used for of a product that is
product for safe and transporting and storing intended for sale directly
secure transport from one industrial goods, to individual consumers.
location to another. equipment, or materials.
 Marketing Practices
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse in mi sed velit lacinia vulputate.
Vestibulum dignissim mollis ipsum sed pellentesque.

Transport Sales and Services Expected Advertising and

Pricing Strategy
Distribution Channels Is a fundamental by Buyers Sales Promotions
Refers to the
movement of Are crucial components component of a business’s Buyers have certain Advertising- increase
people, goods, or of a business’s strategy overall strategy, as it expectations when it brand awareness.
materials from one for getting products or directly impacts revenue, comes to the services Sales Promotion-
location to another. services into the hands profitability, and market provided by businesses. immediate sales
of customers. positioning.
 Refers to the rules, regulations,

Export
Export requirements refer to the rules, regulations, and
and procedures that businesses
must adhere to when selling

Requirements
ocedures that businesses must adhere to when selling goods or
services to foreign markets. These requirements can vary
goods or services to foreign
gnificantly from one country to another and may encompass a
wide range of considerations. Here are some common export
markets.
requirements to be aware of:
 EXPORT
REQUIREMENTS

EXPORT TARIFFS AND EXPORT CUSTOMS

DOCUMENTATION DUTIES CONTROL PROCEDURES
REGULATIONS
- refers to the are important aspects are a critical part
of export are laws and regulations
paperwork and forms of the export
imposed by governments
that are required when requirements that requirements for
to manage and restrict the
businesses need to export of certain goods, businesses
a business or individual
consider when technologies, and services
involved in
ships goods from one that could have national
shipping goods
country to another. security, foreign policy, or international trade.
internationally. economic implications.
 EXPORT
REQUIREMENTS

SANITARY AND
PHYTOSANITARY (SPS)
MEASURES:
PRODUCT INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORT AND
are an essential aspect of
COMPLIANCE export requirements,
PROPERTY LOGISTICS
particularly for agricultural and RIGHTS
is a critical aspect of export are integral components
food products. SPS measures
requirements, ensuring that
are regulations and standards protection is a critical of export requirements,
the goods you are exporting
established by governments to aspect of export as they involve the
meet the regulatory
protect human, animal, and physical movement of
standards and safety
plant life and health from risks
requirements for
requirements of both your goods from the
that may arise from the businesses involved exporter's location to the
own country and the
importation of certain
destination country. in international trade. destination country.
products.
 EXPORT
REQUIREMENTS

PAYMENT AND MARKET LEGAL AND INSURANCE

CURRENCY RESEARCH REGULATORY
EXCHANGE COMPLIANCE is a vital component of
is a crucial component export requirements that
are critical aspects of export of export requirements is a critical aspect of helps protect businesses
requirements that involve for businesses seeking export requirements, engaged in international
how exporters receive ensuring that businesses trade from various risks
to expand their
payment for their goods or adhere to the laws, and uncertainties
operations to
services in international regulations, and standards associated with shipping
international markets. governing international
trade transactions. goods across borders.
trade.
EXPORT
REQUIREMENTS

EXPORT COMPLIANCE
EXPORT FINANCING PROGRAMS
CULTURAL AND
LANGUAGE refers to the various are comprehensive
CONSIDERATIONS methods and financial strategies and sets of
are crucial aspects of instruments that procedures that businesses
export requirements businesses use to support establish to ensure that their
that can significantly their international trade export activities comply
impact the success of activities by obtaining with all relevant laws,
international trade funds for exporting goods regulations, and
efforts. or services. international trade
requirements.
 Standard Marketing Practices

Content Marketing Social Media Search engine Pay-per-click

Email Marketing
Marketing optimization (SEO) (PPC) advertising
Involves creating and
distributing valuable, Involves sending Invovles using social Is the pprocess of
Is type of online
relevant, and consistent email newsletters media platforms to optimizing your
advertising where
content to attract and and promotional connect with your website and content
you pay a fee each
retain a clearly defined messages to your target audience and so that it ranks
time someone clicks
audience and drive subscribers. promote your higher in search
on your ad.
profitable customer products or services. engine result pages
action. (SERPs).
THANK
YOU