Sports is an activity that requires physical actions and skills where individuals or teams compete

under a set of rules. It is classified into individual, dual, or team sports.

1. Individual sports are played by one participant on each competing side
2. Dual sports are played by two competing pairs
3. Team sports are played with three or more players, depending on the tournament and
sponsoring sports organization.

Individual sports foster a higher amount of discipline, self-confidence, focus, and passion.
The individual player is solely responsible for winning or losing; succeeding or failing.

In team sports, many variables are considered to determine the success or failure of the team.
Although individual qualities and skills are helpful, performance will not rely on a single talent.
A team’s performance or success depends on the collective effort of all its players.

Individual sport relies in the individual while team sports rely on teammates.

Important Aspects to Consider in Learning a Sport

• History – the inventor of the sport, country of origin, and development of the game.
• Court Dimensions/Venue – where the games are played (indoor, outdoor, or both), size,
different designs for male or female, and safety procedures for the players.
• Equipment and Gear – proper protective gears, uniforms, and outfits which also involve
safety of players and the officials.
• Technical and Tactical Skills
Technical skills are the basics of playing the game (e.g., basketball – dribble, shoot,
pass)
Tactical skills are the strategies to take advantage during the game.

5 Steps in teaching tactical skills

1. Distinguishing the important decisions
2. Establishing essential knowledge for athletes
 3. Recognizing the signals in situations
4. Giving appropriate tactical options
5. Planning a practice game

• Rules of the Game – set of rules on how the game is played, violations, penalties, how to
score points, how many players are allowed, etc.
• Officiating – officials of the game, their duties and responsibilities of calling for
violations, penalties, points, etc. and regulating fair play.

In planning a training/practice, an individual must consider the following:

• Preparation/planning
• Date, time, and duration of training/practice
• Objective/goal
• Equipment needed during training/practice
• Training Proper
• Warm-up/stretching
• Teaching new skills/practice of previously taught skills
• Scrimmage/practice games
• Cool down and assessment.

Some Considerations in Choosing a Sport

• Weather extremities (hot or cold) for an outdoor sports activity.
• Enjoyment derived from the activity.
• Previous activities tried and enjoyed.
• Financial capacity or budget. Activities like ice skating, golf, and scuba diving require
financial investment on equipment and actual activity.
• State of health and level of fitness. Demands of physical activity may be excessive for the
body, having a conditioning is recommended.
• Other alternative activities that will give motivation.
What are health-related and skill-related fitness in sports/physical activity?
• Health-related fitness
• It is the ability of a person to become physically healthy and stay physically
healthy.
• Skill-related fitness
• It is the ability to perform during games and sports.
• It is also called performance fitness.

Safety Measures to Avoid Unnecessary Injuries in Playing Games or Sports

• Safety Equipment
• Hydration
• Perform moderate-intensity physical activity
• Weather Condition

Diagnostic process- must only be done by a medical doctor, accounts all the information needed
to see a holistic picture of the cause and severity of the injury such as patient’s history,
comprehensive physical examination, special tests, and diagnostic tests (e.g., MRI, X-ray),

Injury evaluation process- can be done by a coach or an athletic trainer, is to rule out the
presence of a severe injury or a life-threatening condition, how to transport the patient, and the
appropriate first aid while transporting the patient.
What Sports Injuries Can Lead to Death?
 Concussion or traumatic brain injury
 Cardiac arrest
 Shock

How Could a Life-threatening Condition Be Determined?

 Unconsciousness
 Not breathing

The goal of the secondary survey is to determine the primary injury, severity, muscle function,
and joint stability, as well as the location and mechanism of injury or the movement or force that
caused the injury.

The inspection or observation process is a passive component of secondary survey which is

usually performed visually and manually.

Splinting Technique
 Immobilize the limb in the position that is least painful or in the position it was found.
 Take note of any changes in skin color, temperature, and sensation.
 Include the joint above and below the fractured bone in the splint.
 Leave fingers and toes uncovered.
  Apply it firmly without discomfort.
 When using an elastic bandage, apply consistent tension.

Cervical Arm Sling Technique

P- Protect the injured body part as aggravation will increase the inflammation.
R- Rest is recommended to give the body part enough time to heal.
I- Ice is commonly used in injuries because it has an analgesic or pain-relieving effect.
C- Compression, compress the injured area using an elastic bandage.
E- Elevation, Swelling can be reduced by elevating the injured limb higher than the level of the
heart.

The priority care for wounds is to control bleeding. The second aspect of wound care is
infection prevention.

 Bleeding is controlled by applying direct pressure over the wound.

 Wound cleaning is important to prevent infection. The process should remove foreign
contaminants and dead tissues.
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