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Yamuna river enters Delhi near the Palla village 15 km upstream of Wazirabad barrage, which acts as
a reservoir for Delhi. The contamination of water bodies in simplest words means water pollution.
Thereby the abuse of lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, reservoirs etc is water pollution. More than 20
water quality indices being used till late 1970s were reviewed by Ott ( 1978 ) and Steinhart et al. (
1981 ). Steinhart et al. ( 1982 ) applied a novel environmental quality index to sum up technical
information on the status and trends in Great Lakes ecosystem. Simultaneously, the waste water
treatment capacity of Delhi is much less than the total waste water generated by the Delhi Urban
Agglomeration (GNCTD, 2015). This has increased the urban environmental problems, such as solid
waste management. In this study, the water quality index has been calculated for the Yamuna river at
Dehradun using monthly measurements of 12 physicochemical parameters. Further many cities,
small towns and blocks do not have the sewer system facilities. The Yamuna River runs through
Uttarakhand, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh, meeting the Ganga River at Triveni Sangam in
Prayagraj, UP. Deterioration of river water quality may injure health of the people taking the dip and
also the population downstream which use the river as a source of water for drinking and bathing
purposes. With this model, the index changes in direct proportion to changes in all three factors.
Issuu turns PDFs and other files into interactive flipbooks and engaging content for every channel.
Therefore the sewerage wastes and other domestic wastes flow directly to the Yamuna River through
the open drains. The restoration of river water quality has been a major challenge to the
environmental managers. With an annual flow of about 10,000 cubic metres (cum) and usage of
4,400 cum (of which irrigation constitutes 96 percent), the river accounts for more than 70 percent of
Delhi’s water supplies. MoEF, JBIC. Prepared by Project Management Consultants-TEC
Consortium. The histograms for three factors have been shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 representing the
scope, frequency and amplitude. Supreme Court, in a 1998 order, had directed that 10 cumecs of
water be released into the river through the year. The barrages formed on the river are playing a
major role in escalating the river pollution. The water is used in many ways like bathing, drinking,
municipal water supply, navigation, irrigation and fishing. Water pollution is an appalling problem,
powerful enough to lead the world on a path of destruction. Therefore it’s important to create
awareness among the people regarding the way river pollution is occurring and its related
consequences. The present study illustrates the application of the CCME WQI 1.0. to observe the
changes in water quality in the Yamuna River, India, at the following four sites (Fig. 1 ). You can
download the paper by clicking the button above. Table 6 Correlation between WQI and water
quality parameters Full size table Discussion The study was undertaken to assess the impacts of YAP
I and II numerically. The environmental auditors and planners must insure that the sewage treatment
plants run to their full capacity. Download Free PDF View PDF Water Pollution: Sources, Effects,
and Control Measures Dr. Saroj Kumar Singh Download Free PDF View PDF See Full PDF
Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. These barrages blocked the
flow of the river and formed the lotic (flowing) environment. Pollution of water occurs when
substances that will modify the water in negative fashion are discharged in it. Thus, the river remains
a dumping ground for all sorts of waste.
See Full PDF Download PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Related Papers What is Water Pollution
Anandarupa Dhar Water they say is life, and indeed they were right. Water quality monitoring and
analysis of Yamuna River is regularly carried out by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) since
1977. Large agricultural fields, of Uttaranchal, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh
significantly contribute to river pollution. The present research contribution makes an
interdisciplinary attempt at studying the impacts of the NCT of Delhi on River Yamuna through an
urban metabolism perspective. Further the carcasses of thousands of dead cattle, which are scared to
Hindus go into the river each year. Sludges which contain inorganic, organic and other toxic matters
usually get deposited at the upstream of the barrages and their sudden release in the downstream of
the river water increases pollution level so high that led to the mass death of fishes especially Delhi
and Eutriphicated segment frequently. The amplitude calculated by the index helps in identifying the
critical parameters after quantifying the amount by which failed test values do not meet the
objectives. The water quality is not fit for bathing, underwater life and domestic supply. Formation
of electric cremation is the only solution of these problems. Muslims and Christians according to
their rituals buried the body in the graveyard, whereas, Hindus and Sikhs burn up the cadaver and in
the case of children’s death body is surged into river. As a result, River Yamuna has been
transformed into a drain in the city of Delhi. Sources of Water Pollution There are various
classifications of water pollution. The pollution in the Yamuna River is continuously escalating and
the river water is unfit for any use. The book covers the essential components of integrated water
resources management, including analysis of climatic variables, climate change detection, analysis of
natural resources, geology, geomorphology, socio-economics, water budgeting, flood estimation, river
pollution, etc. S5c5 chapter 5-facts and figures related to rivers of india. Even the partially treated
sewage effluents are not fully suitable for the discharge in river. Upload Read for free FAQ and
support Language (EN) Sign in Skip carousel Carousel Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. On
13 th June 2002, thousands of dead and dying fishes were found strewn over the Sikendra Taj Mahal
area along the water body. The degree of pollution of Yamuna can be assed from an incident
recounted below. Therefore it’s important to create awareness among the people regarding the way
river pollution is occurring and its related consequences. Yamuna water has increased the toxicity of
the soil of the bank area. Furthermore, the book addresses recent issues pertaining to water quality,
water quality indices, environmental flows, water resources management through cropping pattern
change, etc. The death of about 2,000 fish in the river between Vrindavan and Mathura has brought
the issue of pollution in the river centre stage again. The data measured by these agencies differ
spatially and temporally in terms of number and type of variables being monitored. The major sources
of pollution in Yamuna river are:- 3.1. Industrial Effluents Yamuna River is also called mailee (dirty)
river and river of sorrow to Delhi, Mathura and Agra. In order to achieve the ZERO sewage, the GoI
focused on laying of interceptors to trap major drains and also the rehabilitation of exiting sewerage
networks. The water pollution of the river has gained large heights. Elevated BOD demand can be
caused by high levels of organic pollution (caused usually by poorly treated wastewater) and high
nitrate levels facilitating high plant growth. At Palla, only TC and FC were found to be critical and
other parameters were well within the limits. Statistical interpretation Correlation analysis done
(Table 6 ) between the WQI, DO, BOD, TC, FC, free ammonia and pH revealed that all the
parameters negatively impacted the WQI, except DO. This approach treats the index as a three-
dimensional space defined by each factor along one axis.
FC and TC are highly negatively correlated with DO. Water quality of only one segment (Himalayan
segment) meets the river water quality standards. Monitoring Centre, World Wide Fund for Nature-
India,, Accessed on 12th November 2010. Although there are many schemes and policies such as
The Yamuna Action Plan phase I, II and III, an improvement is seemingly noticeable. Formation of
electric cremation is the only solution of these problems. Muslims and Christians according to their
rituals buried the body in the graveyard, whereas, Hindus and Sikhs burn up the cadaver and in the
case of children’s death body is surged into river. In addition, low DO concentrations also mobilize
the trace metals (Murphy 2007 ). Almost every year mass death of fishes is reported. The Bhargava’s
WQI includes the effect of weight of each variable (pollution parameter) in the sensitivity function
values of the various pollution variables relevant to a particular use. Non Point on the other hand
means pollutants emitted from multiple sources. Social Posts Create on-brand social posts and
Articles in minutes. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Their proper
management and treatment is necessary because it reduces or removes the organic matter, solids,
nutrients, disease-causing organisms and other pollutants from the wastewater before it is discharged
to river water. Usually the construc tion of houses, footpaths and roads has left little exposed earth
for water infiltration and recharge of groundwater aquifers. Normally no water is allowed to flow
downstream of the Himalayan segment (Te-jewala barrage) especially in the summer and winter
seasons to fulfill the demand of water of the surround-ing area. In Agra and Matura districts, the
domestic and industrial users produce large quantities of waste products and the waterways provide
a cheap and effective way of disposing them. With this model, the index changes in direct
proportion to changes in all three factors. BOD, DO, total and fecal coliforms and free ammonia
were found to be critical parameters for the stretch. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the
impacts of YAP I and II. The Yamuna River is responsible for providing water supply to all four
states through which it passes, and it is accountable for approximately 70 percent of Delhi’s water
system. The most basic effect of water pollution is directly suffered by the organisms and vegetation
that survive in water, including amphibians. Rivers are the lifeline of many cities, towns and villages.
Usually no water or extremely little water is allowed to flow downstream of this barrage during lean
seasons. River can be divided into five segments on the bases of hydrological and ecological
conditions. The tests included parameters such as Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen
Demand, Dissolved Oxygen, Chloride Content, pH and other physical parameters too. To apply the
strategies effectively, we need to develop awareness among masses, education, and improved
watershed management that will improve the water quality of this holy river. Water contaminated
with faecal matter causes diarrhoea (with proper sanitation, the risk level can drop by 40 percent);
malnutrition, anaemia or retarded growth, blindness, schistosomiasis, and cholera and are very
common disease of the slum areas in Delhi, Mathura and Agra. Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB) had estimated that there were approximately 359 industrial units, which directly or
indirectly discharge their effluents in Yamuna. The book covers the essential components of
integrated water resources management, including analysis of climatic variables, climate change
detection, analysis of natural resources, geology, geomorphology, socio-economics, water budgeting,
flood estimation, river pollution, etc. For four parameters i.e. dissolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Total. Lincoln School Project of Yamuna: The Stolen River Teacher: Natalie Euceda
Student: Fernanda Nicol Elvir Martinez Grade and Section: 11 A Date: October 1st, 2106 2.
Downstream, at Mathura and Agra, this becomes the main municipal drinking water source. As the
river traverses through the NCT, it becomes polluted via point and non-point sources. In Delhi, state
government has formed 10 feet high wire barricades along all Yamuna bridge under the Yamuna
Action Plan I with signboard messages to prevent people from tossing things into the Yamuna. Table
1 and Figure 1 show the area covered under these segments, while table 2 shows the state wise land
use pattern of the catchment area of river Yamuna. Unleashing the Power of AI Tools for Enhancing
Research, International FDP on. The sewage water carries harmful bacteria and chemicals that can
cause serious health problems. Pathogens are known as a common water pollutant; The sewers of
cities house several pathogens and thereby diseases. Available water treatment facilities are not
capable of removing the pesticide traces. Report this Document Download now Save Save Impact of
Pollution on River Yamuna For Later 100% (7) 100% found this document useful (7 votes) 12K
views 13 pages Assessing the Impacts of Pollution on the Ecology and Environment of the Yamuna
River Uploaded by Anupriya Sharma AI-enhanced title and description River Yamuna is one of the
most polluted rivers in the world, especially around Delhi, which dumps about 57% of its waste into
the river. Furthermore, the book addresses recent issues pertaining to water quality, water quality
indices, environmental flows, water resources management through cropping pattern change, etc. W
ay back in December 1994 on the basis of news report on the level of pollution in Y amuna the
supreme court has been monitoring the cleaning of the river. Yamuna originates from the Yamunotri
Glacier of Uttar Kashi in Uttar Pradesh. There is an urgent need to take stringent measures to
alleviate these pollution loads and save an ailing river. 1. Introduction River Yamuna is the largest
tributary of the Ganga River in North India. Unleashing the Power of AI Tools for Enhancing
Research, International FDP on. River Yamuna enters the Delhi Stretch at the Palla Village and is
exited from the Okhla Barrage, this study is aimed to compare and analyze the water parameters
upon its entrance and exit. Sludges which contain inorganic, organic and other toxic matters usually
get deposited at the upstream of the barrages and their sudden release in the downstream of the river
water increases pollution level so high that led to the mass death of fishes especially Delhi and
Eutriphicated segment frequently. The origin of the Yamuna River lies in the Yamunotri Glacier in
the town of Yamunotri in this Uttarkashi district. The death of about 2,000 fish in the river between
Vrindavan and Mathura has brought the issue of pollution in the river centre stage again. Now it’s
become imperative to upgrade all the existing sewerage treatment plants and increase their capacity.
Thus, the river remains a dumping ground for all sorts of waste. The government now levies fines on
companies whose factories do not treat their waste before disposing of it. Dumping of solid waste
and garbage is one of the major problems in Yamuna River. They contain pollutants such as lead,
mercury, sulphur, asbestos, nitrates and many other harmful chemicals. The discharge of untreated
domestic and industrial effluents have severely affected the quality of Yamuna River and now it falls
under the category E, which makes it fit only for recreation and industrial cooling, completely ruling
out the possibility for underwater life and domestic supply. Even the partially treated sewage
effluents are not fully suitable for the discharge in river. Download Free PDF View PDF
QUALITATIVE STUDY OF YAMUNA WATER ACROSS THE DELHI STRETCH. Further large
number of cities and small towns are located all along the Yamuna River. The paper explores water
volume exchanges, water quality modifications and riverfront interactions of River Yamuna with the
Delhi city-state. Seasonal WQI also reflects marginal category in the pre-monsoon season and good
category in both the monsoon and post-monsoon season (Table 5 ). Centralized sewage treatment
plants cannot be considered as good because the cost of transporting waste to the treatment facility
and transporting treated effluent back to the point of reuse makes them too expensive to run. There
are unlimited numbers of industrial units, draining immense amount of untreated water in Yamuna
existing in Delhi, Faridabad, Mathura and Agra.
The existing sewer system improvement and formation are needed to reduce the risk of seepage of
sewerage water and material into the groundwater and river, especially during rainy seasons. 4.1.7.
Upgrading of Sewage Treatment Plant The old, inadequate sewer systems are one of the major
causes of water pollution in Yamuna. Wastewater can be recycled and reused onsite; for example, an
industrial can recycles water it used for cooling processes. Bhargava ( 1985a, b ) highlighted the
ways to achieve this designing the outfalls with respect to the flow rates and spacing, keeping in
mind the river’s self-purifying capabilities. Another reason for the failure of YAP I and II is the role
of different monitoring agencies. The major sources of pollution in Yamuna river are:- 3.1. Industrial
Effluents Yamuna River is also called mailee (dirty) river and river of sorrow to Delhi, Mathura and
Agra. The presence of free ammonia is also an important parameter influencing the quality of the
river and in high concentrations negatively impacts the river quality. Seasonal WQI also reflects
marginal category in the pre-monsoon season and good category in both the monsoon and post-
monsoon season (Table 5 ). Further recycled materials can also be used in innovative applications
such as recovered glass in roadway asphalt (glassphalt) or recovered plastic in carpeting, park
benches, and pedestrian bridges. In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop,
Whistler, BC, Canada Lumb A, Halliwell D, Sharma T (2006) Application of CCME Water Quality
Index to monitor water quality: a case of the Mackenzie River Basin Canada. During dry weather,
the flow of Yamuna River consists almost entirely of effluents. The temperature of hot effluents from
thermal plants entering the river must be controlled by spray, cascading, etc., as it reduces DO levels
by increasing the microbial activity. The pre-monsoon season is worst affected with WQI falling
largely into poor category throughout the study period with slight improvement seen in both
monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. These microbes are responsible for various contaminated
diseases. The pollution in the Yamuna River is continuously escalating and the river water is unfit for
any use. Agriculture is very common in the catchment areas as well as all along the bank of the
Yamuna River. At Allahabad lies the Triveni Sangam, where the sacred Yamuna River meets the
sacred Ganges. Its source is at Yamunotri, in the Uttarakhand Himalaya. Water for drinking purposes
is supplied to NCT and Agra from the two points: Wazirabad Waterworks and Agra Canal,
respectively (Table 2 ). These barrages are directly or indirectly affecting the river water quality and
aquatic ecosystem. As a result, River Yamuna has been transformed into a drain in the city of Delhi.
It passes through the cities of Delhi, Mathura and Agra. 3. Why is it so sacred for its people. The
BOD level was also found above the permissible limits in Mathura, Agra, Etawah and Juhika. There
is an urgent need to take stringent measures to alleviate these pollution loads and save an ailing river.
1. Introduction River Yamuna is the largest tributary of the Ganga River in North India. In this
study, the water quality index has been calculated for the Yamuna river at Dehradun using monthly
measurements of 12 physicochemical parameters. A huge amount of organic waste when added into
the river augments the microbial activity of the aquatic system resulting in the escalation of BOD and
depletion of DO. Water contaminated with faecal matter causes diarrhoea (with proper sanitation,
the risk level can drop by 40 percent); malnutrition, anaemia or retarded growth, blindness,
schistosomiasis, and cholera and are very common disease of the slum areas in Delhi, Mathura and
Agra. S5c5 chapter 5-facts and figures related to rivers of india. The maximum number of variables
whose objectives are not met lie in the range from 85 to 90. The WQI was measured annually as well
as seasonally (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon periods) for all the four sites and for a
period of 10 years. An example of this would be emissions from factories into the water.