OPTICAL FIBER

FUNDAMENTALS

Eng. Jumana Khawaldah

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 Introduction To Optical Fiber
What are Optical Fibers?

Compared to traditional copper cables, optical fibers have

several advantages:

- High Capacity.
- Immunity to Interference.
- Long Distances.
- Security.

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 Optical Fiber Generation

1st Generation
- 10km
- 45Mbps

2nd Generation
- 50km -100Mbps
3ed Generation
-100km -10Gbps

4th GENERATION
- >10,000km - 10Tbps

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 Optical fiber components

Fiber cable parts:

1. Core.
2. Cladding.
3. Coating .

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 Optical fiber components

PON

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 What is FTTX ?

FTTX is an acronym for "Fiber To The X," referring

to the expansion of optical fiber networks to
provide internet and communication services to
specific locations. The "X" can represent various
locations such as homes (FTTH - Fiber To The
Home), buildings (FTTB - Fiber To The Building),
premises (FTTP - Fiber To The Premises), and so
on. FTTX ensures high-speed connectivity and
stable performance by utilizing optical fibers for
data transmission.

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 1- FTTH:

FTTH stands for "Fiber To The Home," a term used to describe a network technology where optical fibers are directly
connected to residential homes. FTTH is employed to provide high-speed internet connectivity and high-performance
communication services to consumers.

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 2- FTTB:

FTTB stands for "Fiber To The Building," signifying the expansion of optical fiber networks to directly connect the
internet and communication services to buildings. FTTB enables the delivery of high-speed connectivity and stable
performance when providing services to specific user groups within multi-unit buildings, such as residential
complexes or commercial structures.

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 3- FTTC:

FTTC stands for "Fiber To The Curb," a networking technology where optical fibers are connected near the curb or
sidewalk, rather than directly to the home. In FTTC, the signal is transmitted via optical fibers to a point close to the
buildings, and then existing infrastructure like copper lines (such as phone lines) is utilized to connect the
communication to individual homes. FTTC provides high-speed connectivity while reducing the cost associated with
extending optical fibers directly to each home.

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 4- FTTN:
FTTN stands for "Fiber To The Node," a networking technology where optical fibers are connected to a node, rather
than directly to individual homes. In the FTTN system, the signal is transmitted through optical fibers to a node
situated close to buildings, and then existing copper infrastructure (such as phone lines) is used to extend the
communication to individual homes. This approach is employed to deliver high-speed internet services while
reducing the costs associated with directly extending optical fibers to each household.

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 Types of optical fiber

1. Laser.
2. Led.

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 Data Transmission via Fiber Optic Cable

- Data is transmitted using light through fiber optic

cables.
- The core carries the optical signals.
- The cladding provides insulation for the signals within
the core.
- Fiber optic cable offers fast and stable data
transmission.

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 Types of optical fiber

1. Single mode fiber.

2. Multimode fiber.

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 Fiber Splicing techniques

- Mechanical Splicing.
- Fusion Splicing.

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 The End

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