Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CNC Machining Manufacturing Standards
CNC Machining Manufacturing Standards
Manufacturing
Standards
02
Table of Contents
Reference Documents 03
CNC Machines 12
Chapter 01
Reference
Documents
All dimensions in this standard GB/T 2828.1-2012 (ISO 2859-1:1999): Counting Sampling Inspection
that are not annotated with Procedures Part 1
units are in millimetres (mm).
GB/T 1804-2000 (ISO2768-1:1989): General Tolerances -
Tolerances for Linear and Angular Dimensions without Individual
Tolerance Indications
The clauses in the following documents become part of this standard through reference in this
standard.
Chapter 02
Standards
for Uploading
Documents
Note: When providing both 2D and 3D drawings, they must contain all the information for
processing. If there are no tighter tolerance requirements, the 3D drawing should be provided
along with the tolerance grade and information related to processing.
File Formats The format for the 3D model file should be either [.stp],
[.step], or [.IGS], and one of these formats must be provided
The format for the 2D engineering drawing should be either
[.dwg], [.dxf], [.pdf] and one of these formats must be
provided (if there are no other requirements, 2D is not
mandatory).
Essential Information
3D Drawing 2D Drawing
Apart from the format, if there are Product's three-view drawing, necessary sectional views,
threads, their specifications must dimensions (especially critical dimensions), dimensional
be indicated. tolerances, form and position tolerances, surface roughness,
material, surface treatment, and related technical
requirements. If screen printing is required, a screen printing AI
document (dimensions, colors) should be provided. For laser
engraving, a file suitable for laser engraving must be provided.
Chapter 03
CNC
Machining
Materials
POM (Delrin or Acetal, also known as "Sai Steel" in Chinese) Black, White, Blue
PP (Polypropylene) PP (Polypropylene)
PE (Polyethylene) PE (Polyethylene)
Bakelite Bakelite
UPE/UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene) UPE/UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene)
Teflon/PTFE Teflon/PTFE
Chapter 04
CNC Machines
Chapter 05
Limitations and
Standards for
Special Structures
Non-Through Open
Right Angle
Material
Type
Non-
Materials
(EDM) technology.
“R”
of a Blind Hole
in the 3D model.
Chapter 06
Part Quality
Inspection
Conditions
Chapter 07
Standards of
Finished Parts
Chapter 08
Quality
Inspection
Sampling Plan
2to 8 A A A A A A B
9to 15 A A A A A B C
16 to 25 A A B B B D E
26 to 50 A B B C C E F
51 to 90 B B C C C E F
91 to 150 B B C D D E E
151 to 280 F B C E E E H
281 to 500 B C D E E H G
501 to 1200 C C E G H K L
1201 to 3200 C D E G H K L
3201 to 10000 C D F G J L M
10001 to 35000 C D F H K M N
35001 to 150000 D E G J L N P
150001 to 500000 D E G J M P Q
Chapter 09
Appearance
Inspection
Standards
W = Width: Unit: mm
L = Length: Unit: mm/cm
S = Area: Unit: mm^2; n = Quantity
S = Area: Unit: mm^2; n = Quantity
Unit: pieces/locations
D = Spacing: Unit: m
WT = Weight: Unit: g.
Stains, paint particles, impurities, filaments, lint, foreign objects, granules, and bumps (S:
area of the spot)
(1) For 0.1 mm^2 < S < 0.2 mm^2, 2 spots are
allowed on a single side, with a spacing
A-grade surface:
greater than 100mm. Discolored impurities are
not allowed.
(1) For 0.1 mm^2 < S < 0.2 mm^2, 2 spots are
allowed on a single side, with a spacing
greater than 100mm.
C-grade surface:
Visible Scratches and Non-Visible Scratches (S: Scratch Area, L: Scratch Length, W:
Scratch Width)
Visible Scratches
C-grade surface: For 0.5 mm² ≤ S < 0.7 mm² or
L ≤ 4mm, W ≤ 0.2mm, 1 instance is allowed.
(2) Standard
(2) Standard
(2) Standard
Silkscreen Strength
(2) Standard
The length of the grinding marks Heavy knife lines on the front. B-grade surface, grinding marks
on the B-grade surface is greater Unqualified less than 20mm. Qualified
than 20mm. Unqualified
A-grade surface without any B-grade surface without any C-grade surface are allowed to
stains stains be stained, with no substrate
exposed
Flow Marks, Weld Lines Clearly visible from a side angle: L ≤ 50mm, W ≤
5mm, 2 lines are allowed with a spacing of ≤
100mm.
Under a 40w daylight bulb or natural light, with If the surface treatment does not meet the
a vision of 1.0 or above, when the object is specified requirements, it's not allowed
placed at a 45° angle to the viewer's If the surface engraving is messy and
perspective, if there's no noticeable color unclear, it's not allowed
difference, it's acceptable If the direction of the surface engraving is
If there's a color difference, but the overall incorrect, it's not allowed.
color matches well when combined and
there's no noticeable difference, it's
acceptable.
Bubbling Adhesion
The electroplated surface must not have any Use a small knife or needle tip to score the
bubbles or areas where the plating has come off. test piece's surface, spacing the lines 1mm
apart in both horizontal and vertical
directions, making 10 lines in each direction
that are perpendicular to each other. It's
essential to cut through the electroplated
film. If you can lightly touch the grid without
the plating coming off, it's considered
acceptable
Firmly stick a transparent tape that's
18-25mm wide and twice as long as its width
onto the grid. Ensure the tape is smooth and
fully adheres to the painted film. If the paint
Electroplated black Electroplated black
film doesn't stick to the tape, it's considered
mark. Unqualified mark. Unqualified
acceptable.
Chapter 10
Tolerance
Inspection
Standards
Basic Requirements
For drawings with explicit tolerance requirements, determine based
on these requirements. If the measured dimension exceeds the
tolerance, it's considered non-conforming.
Taylor Principle
For a reasonable hole, its external functional dimension should be
greater than or equal to the minimum limit size. For a shaft, its
external functional dimension should be less than or equal to the
maximum limit size.
For a hole, any local actual size at any position should be less than or
equal to the maximum limit size. For a shaft, any local actual size at
any position should be greater than or equal to the minimum limit
size.
Simply put, the Taylor principle means that for holes and shafts with
mating requirements, their local actual sizes and shape errors
should be controlled within the dimension tolerance range.
Table 2: Limit Deviations for Fillet Radius and Chamfer Height Dimensions
Precision (f)
± 0.2 ± 0.5 ±1 ±2
Medium (m)
Coarse (c)
± 0.4 ±1 ±2 ±4
Very Coarse (v)
Tolerance Class
Permissible Deviations in Degrees and Minutes
Designation
(Description)
~10 >10~50 >50~120 >120~400 >400
Precision (f)
(1) If the drawing has explicit requirements for form and position
tolerances, inspect it according to the drawing's requirements.
Basic Requirements
(2) If the drawing does not specify tolerance requirements, refer to
the GB1184-1996 standard for form and position tolerances. For
unspecified tolerance values in the drawing, if no tolerance is
indicated, follow IT12.
Type of
Geometric
Perpendicularity
Exercises control on the extent of
(three-dimensional) deviation of a surface, axis, or plane from
a 90° angle
Parallelism (three-
Controls the extent of deviation of a
Orientation dimensional) surface,
Related
tolerance axis. or plane from an orientation parallel
to the specified datum
Angularity (three-
Exercises controls on the deviation of a
dimensional) surface, axis. or plane from the angle
described in the design specifications
Type of
geometric Geometric
Note:
f the drawing specifies requirements, process according to the drawing's specifications. For
I
drawings that do not clearly specify the size of the chamfer or fillet, process using C0.3~C0.5 or
R0.3~R0.5. Except for parts explicitly indicated on the drawing as not requiring a chamfer, all parts
For straightness and flatness without specified tolerance values (unit: mm), RapidDirect defaults to the K
level.
Note: For straightness, the corresponding line length should be selected. For flatness, the longer side of
the surface or the diameter of the circular surface should be chosen.
For perpendicularity without specified tolerance values (unit: mm), RapidDirect defaults to the K level.
L 0.5 1 1.5 2
Note: Use the longer side of the two sides that form a right angle as the reference, and the shorter side
as the feature to be measured. If the lengths of the sides are equal, either side can be taken as the
reference.
For symmetry without specified tolerance values (unit: mm), RapidDirect defaults to the K level.
H 0.5
K 0.6 0.8 1
L 0.6 1 1.5 2
Note: Use the longer of the two features as the reference, and the shorter one as the feature to be
measured. If the lengths of the features are equal, either one can be taken as the reference.
For roundness without specified tolerance (unit: mm), RapidDirect defaults to the K level.
H 0.5
K 1
L 2
Straightness
On any cross-section
parallel to the standard
The tolerance band for line
projection plane, the actual
profile is the area between two
profile must be within the
envelope lines that envelop a
two envelope lines that
Line Profile series of circles with a diameter
envelop a series of circles
of tolerance value t, where the
with a diameter tolerance
center of these circles should
value of 0.02, and the
lie on the ideal profile.
centers of these circles lie on
the ideal profile line.
Chapter 11
Surface Roughness
Inspection
standards
Basic Requirements
(1) If the surface roughness requirements are specified on the drawing, inspection should be carried out
according to the drawing requirements.
(2) If the surface roughness requirements are not specified on the drawing, inspection should be carried
out according to the standard requirements of roughness grade 3.2.
(3) The following table provides the symbols, meanings, and explanations of roughness:"
Symbol Meaning
Surface
Surface
Smoothn Surface Geometric Features Machining Methods
Roughness
ess
50
1 Clearly visible tool marks
6.3
4 Visible machining marks
0.8
7 Smooth surface,
0.1
10 Matte gloss surface
0.05
11 Smooth Bright gloss surface
surface Fine grinding, grinding, polishing,
super finish grinding, mirror
0.025 grinding, etc.
12 Mirror-like gloss surface
0.012
13 Mirror-like gloss surface
0.008
14 Mirror surface
External Grinding
Surface Grinding
Honing
Horizontal Milling
Planer Machine
Vertical Milling
Lathe
Chapter 12
Threads
Inspection
Standards
Inspection Tools
Deviation
Chapter 13
Surface Treatment
Inspection
Standards
Note:
Material thickness and quality should conform to national standards. The used materials should
be accompanied by performance test reports and manufacturer certifications
Dimensions: Follow the drawing or technical requirements. For aspects not covered in this
company's specifications, current national standards should be followed.
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