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In transmission line and distribution network systems, a
conductor with another conductor is insulated by air, while a
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conductor with a tower or supporting pole is isolated by a
solid insulating material called an insulator [1].
The most common and widely used insulation materials in
Indonesia are ceramics (porcelain), glass and polymers, with
some disanvatages and advantages. The advantages of
ceramic and glass insulating materials are good heat capacity
and low thermal conductivity, corrosion resistant, hard and
strong, but the ceramic and glass insulation materials have a
mechanical weakness that is heavy and water-absorbing
(hygroscopic) so that leakage current easily on a surface that
can cause flashover [2].
Compared to ceramic or glass materials, polymer insulation
materials have the advantage of being dilutive, volume
resistivity and good thermal properties, relatively light
construction, high acid resistance and hydrophobic
properties, while for lack of weatherproof resistance will
cause decreased mechanical strength as well as susceptible to
pollutants [2].
Various studies show thats the failure of insulators
that cause large losses is the result of two aspects of surface
aspects that cause the emergence of surface leakage current
and bulk aspects with decreasing dielectric properties that
make the breakdown easily because of lightning strikes or
switching. The insulating aspect of ceramic and glass
containers is stable against aging, but the surface is easily
moistened (wettability) by mist, moisture or rain because it
has high surface energy. The characteristics of the surface of
the wet insulators (hydrophilic) such as ceramic / glass
insulators are less favorable when operated in high-density
and polluted areas such as industrial / urban areas, coastal
areas because they can cause corrosion, increased leakage
current and trigger tension via flashover.
Chosen ash rice husk as the filler, because during this ash rice
husk is generally only used as abrasive ash, fuel especially in
brick making industry, decoration material or even thrown
into animal cage. In fact, based on the results of research, rice
husks when burned at a temperature between 500°C to 700°C
within 1 to 2 hours turned out to contain a lot of amorphous
silica. And in relation to electricity, silica is usually used as a
filler in the manufacture of high voltage insulators.
Research on the electrical characteristics of silicon
rubber polymer insulators and epoxy resin polymer insulators
with ash rice husk and alumina ash fillers especially in dry
and wet conditions is not widely practiced. The
characteristics of the suspension type insulator will be
evaluated by providing various climate and artificial
pollution by referring to IEC 1109 standards and research that
has been and is working both within and outside the country.
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The samples used in this research are sillicone rubber
(factory-made) insulator and 20 kV epoxy resin insulator
(different sheed and same sheed). Measurements were made
using high-frequency alternating 50 Hz to obtain leakage
current on the surface of the test insulator. The use of high
voltage is intended to have sufficient electrical pressure
(electric field strength) on the surface of the insulator. For
epoxy resin insulators using the ratio of base polymers of
DGEBA (Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol-A) epoxy resin
polymer (40%), MPDA (Metaphenylene - diamine) or
hardening agent (40%), Alumina (Al2O3) (10%), and rice
husk ash (10%).
(a) (b)
Fig 1, Insulator test (a). Insulator resin epoxy different shed and
same shed (b). Silicone rubber (artificial)
In the test, the insulator is placed in a chamber test made of
glass (80x80x100) cm with a thickness of 5mm. The test
chamber is equipped with a system of temperature and
humidity regulation, mist system, and heating system. with
the same test treatment ie testing dry and wet conditions. For
wet testing use different conductivity values that is 10mS /
cm, 12mS / cm and 14mS / cm.
The leakage current measurement circuit used in this
experiment is shown in Fig 2. Direct measurement of analog
output interfacing and data is recorded through an
oscilloscope and then stored on a personal computer, PC. The
rated voltage is set to 15 kV, representing the line-to-neutral
voltage operation for each of the two insulators supporting
the 20 kV distribution line.
Fig 2, Leakage Current test circuit.
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The following is the calculation and analysis of contact angle
insulator silicone rubber resin epoxy different shed and resin
insulator epoxy same shed.
261
Fig 3, Angle surface contact of insulator
From the measurement of the contact angle on the resin epoxy
resin of the same shed and different shed before it was known
that the values obtained were 110.57° and 99.70°, this
indicates that the resin epoxy resin sample is same shed and
different shed in the range 90° to 180° which can be
categorized as Not wetted. While the result of measurement
of contact angle on the resin epoxy resin of the same shed
and different shed after puncture can be known that the value
obtained is 70,87 ° and 66,09 ° measurement of contact angle
of epoxy resin polymer resin conditioner after the above
refined show average contact angle value -70,87° and is in
the range of 300 to 890, so it can be categorized as Partially
Wetted and contact angle on silicone rubber insulator in the
average angle of contact value of 81.44° and is in the range
of 0° to 90°, categorized as partially wetted (partially wet).
The result of measuring the contact angle between the epoxy
resin insulator before smoothing with the epoxy resin
insulator after smoothing indicates that the insulator before
the smoothing has a larger contact angle value. This means
that the insulator before smoothing is more water resistant
(hydrophobic).
Table 1, Measurement Results Contact Angle Resolves Insulator
Epoxy.
Condition
No Insulator Awal After
Smoothing
1 Silicone Insulator Rubber (SiR) 81,44 81,44
2 Epoxy Resin Different Shed 99,70 66,09
3 Epoxy Resin Same Shed 110,57 70,87
Based on the data in Table 1, it shows that the insulator of
Epoxy Resin Different Shed and Same Shed in the initial
condition is Not wetted. This is due to the influence of
alumina in the insulator. Alumina has chemical constituents
Al2O3 which is an omphoteric oxide and has hydrophobic or
water-resistant properties. The decrease of the angle of
contact from the initial condition to the subtle condition is
due to the fine condition of the surface shape is better, the
surface of the previously rugged insulator and still has the
pores become smooth and the pores disappear after the
smoothing process with the paper sandpaper number 500cw
and 1000cw.
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Measurement of leakage current on the insulator Epoxy Resin
Different Shed after smoothing conditions describes the
normal conditions when hanging insulators are installed in
outdoor conditions and in a sunny state. Measurements were
made at a temperature of 25ͼC with 68% humidity. The result
of measurement of leakage current on silicone rubber
insulator, insulator of Different Shed Epoxy Resin and the
same shed epoxy resin insulator.
Fig 4, Graph of comparison of average leakage current at SiR and
Same Shed Epoxy resin insulator in dry condition
Fig 5, Graph of comparison of average leakage current at Different
Sheed Epoxy Resin Insulator and Same Shed Epoxy resin insulator
in dry condition
Fig 6, Graph of comparison of average leakage current in different
sheed and same sheed insulators in dry Condition
Based on the curve of fig 4 above, it is seen that in the test of
silicone rubber insulator with the same shed epoxy resin is
the comparison of the type of material used. In the test in the
value can be leakage current insulator with silicone rubber
material is smaller than the insulator resin epoxy same shed.
Based on the curve image 6, it is seen that in testing of
different shed epoxy resin insulators with the same shed
epoxy resin is a comparison of the type of insulator form
used. In the test in the value can be leakage current insulator
with the same shed material smaller than the resin insulator
epoxy different shed. This is because the epoxy epoxy resin
insulator of the different sheed type is shorter the track
distance than the shed epoxy resin insulator.
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Testing of leakage current characteristics of the SIR polymer
insulator under the influence of wet conditions is carried out
by making salt mist in the chamber with varying
concentrations. The salt we use is NaCl because the
262
ingredients are easily obtained is also the most conductive
type of salt compared to other salt types so it is considered
representative enough to represent the influence of pollution
on the performance of polymer insulators in the tropics. The
data of leakage current on wet condition testing condition
between Silicon Rubber insulator with Different Shed epoxy
resin insulator and with Same Shed epoxy resin insulator
compared to graph, 7, 8, and 9:
Fig 7, Graph of comparison of average leakage current at SiR
insulator Wet test with various conductivity values.
Fig 8, Average leakage current comparison chart on insulator
Epoxy Different Shed Resin Wet test with various conductivity
values.
Fig 9, Average leakage current comparison graph on isolator
Epoxy Same Shed Resin Wet test with various conductivity values.
From the graph above, it is known that the concentration of
salt have an effect on the leakage current characteristic of
Silicone Rubber (SiR) insulator as well as isolator of Epoxy
Different Shed Resin and Same Shed insulator. At a salt level
of up to 10 mS/cm the leakage current in the polymer
insulator is still very small but after the salinity is raised up
to 14 mS/cm it is known that the leakage current in each of
the Different Shed epoxy resin insulators is greater than the
leakage current in Silicone Rubber (SiR) and Same Shed
epoxy resin insulators. Furthermore, to determine the effect
of wet conditions on aging and degradation on polymer
insulators can be known by following IEC 1109 procedure on
testing the effect of simultaneous pressure made.

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The conclusion, this study shows that at dry testing the value
of leakage current increases as the applied voltage is raised,
and in wet test conditions the higher the pollutant is applied
the more the leakage current increases.
Leakage of current moisture variation is not much different,
although the leakage current of rice husk epoxy resin
insulator is greater than that of silicone rubber. However, the
material used to make the efficiency of rice husk epoxy ash
insulators is more environmentally friendly because it utilizes
waste, ie in the form of agricultural rice husks into something
useful for electrical equipment.

5()(5(1&(6
[1]. Karner/Kind, High-Voltage Insulation Technology,
Translate from Germany by Y. Narayana Rao Indian
Institute Of Technology, 1985
[2]. D.F Warne, A.T Johns, Advances in Hogh Voltage
Engineering, IET Power and Energy Series 40, 2007.
[3]. Guror, Ravi S., E.A. Cherney dan J.T Burnham,
Outdoor Insulators, USA, 1999.
[4]. Kibbie, A. H., Ph.D., 2000. Handbook of Pharmaceutical
Excipients. Third Edition. Pharmaceutical Press
London, UK, Washington, D. C.
[5]. WL Vosloo, JP Holtzhausen, High Voltage Engineering
Practice and Theory
[6]. Desain Test report silicone rubber ohio brass 222 kN
(50K LBS) SML Hi*Lite XL, IEC 1109, 1998.
[7]. Abdul Syakur, Hamzah Berahim, Tumiran, Rochmadi
Hydrophobic Contact Angle and Surface Degradation
of Epoxy Resin Compound with Silicon Rubber and
Silica. Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2012, 2(5):
284-291 DOI: 10.5923/j.eee.20120205.07
[8]. Salama Manjang, Ibrahim Abduh. Leakage current
patterns on artificially polluted porcelain and polymer
insulator.Universitas Hasanuddin.2006.
[9]. R. Boudissa, A. Bayadi, R. Baersch, Effect of pollution
distribution class on insulators Àashover under AC
voltage, Université A. Mira, Béjaia, Algeria, 2013.
[10]. L.S. Nasrat, A.F. Hamed, M.A. Hamid, S.H. Mansour,
Study the Àashover voltage for outdoor polymer
insulators under desert climatic conditions Electrical
Power & Machines Department, Faculty of
Engineering, South Valley University, Aswan, Egypt,
2013.
[11]. Suwarno, Diagnostic of Outdorr Insulator Using
Leakage Current Waveform Parameters, Departement
of Electrical Engineering, Bandung Institute of
Technology,2005.
[12]. Abdul Syakur, Hamzah Berahim, Tumiran, Rochmadi.
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High Voltage Engineering, Vol. 37, No. 11. 2011.

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