a) What is “employee involvement” as far as TQM principles are concerned?

Employee involvement is the practice of giving employees a voice in the decision-

making process and allowing them to participate in activities that affect their work. It is a
key principle of TQM, as it is believed that employees are more likely to be committed to
quality improvement if they feel that they have a say in the process.

b) Explain each aspect of the areas you are recommending the organization to practice
as measures of involving all employees in your TQM pursuit.
1. Employee motivation: This involves creating a work environment where employees feel
valued and appreciated, and where they have opportunities to learn and grow. It can be
done through things like providing clear goals and expectations, offering training and
development opportunities, and recognizing employee achievements.
2. Employee empowerment: This means giving employees the authority to make decisions
and take action to improve their work. It can be done by delegating responsibility,
removing bureaucratic obstacles, and providing employees with the resources they need
to succeed.
3. Teams and teamwork: This involves creating teams of employees who work together to
achieve common goals. It can be done by forming cross-functional teams, providing
training on teamwork skills, and rewarding team successes.
4. Performance appraisal: This is the process of assessing employee performance against
set goals and objectives. It can be used to identify areas where employees need
development, and to provide feedback on their work.
i. With the aid of diagram, explain the three (3) lower level and two (2) high level of the
Maslow hierarchy of needs.

The Maslow hierarchy of needs is a theory of motivation that proposes that human
needs are arranged in a hierarchy, from the most basic needs to the most complex
needs. The three lower-level needs are:

1. Physiological needs: These are the basic needs for survival, such as food, water, and
shelter.
2. Safety needs: These are the needs for security and protection from harm.
3. Social needs: These are the needs for belonging and acceptance.

The two higher-level needs are:

 1. Esteem needs: These are the needs for self-respect and the respect of others.
2. Self-actualization needs: These are the needs for self-fulfillment and the realization of
one's full potential.

ii. Explain six (6) general principles or characteristics for empowering employees

The following are six general principles or characteristics for empowering employees:

1. Trust: Employees need to trust that their managers will support them and that they will
not be punished for taking risks.
2. Delegation: Employees need to be given the authority to make decisions and take
action.
3. Training: Employees need to be trained on the skills they need to be successful.
4. Information: Employees need to be given the information they need to make informed
decisions.
5. Rewards: Employees need to be rewarded for their contributions.
6. Accountability: Employees need to be held accountable for their decisions and actions.

iii. Explain three (4) types of teams you may constitute to realize your TQM initiatives

The following are four types of teams that you may constitute to realize your TQM
initiatives:

1. Cross-functional teams: These teams are made up of employees from different

departments or functions. They are often used to solve problems that require input from
multiple perspectives.
2. Self-directed teams: These teams are given the responsibility for managing their own
work. They are often used in manufacturing and service organizations.
3. Problem-solving teams: These teams are formed to address specific problems. They are
often used to improve quality, productivity, or efficiency.
4. Quality circles: These are small groups of employees who meet regularly to discuss
quality issues and make recommendations for improvement.

What does a typical meeting agenda contain after establishing the TQM?

A typical meeting agenda after establishing TQM may include the following items:
 1. Review of the organization's quality goals and objectives

2. Discussion of progress made towards achieving these goals and objectives

3. Identification of any obstacles to achieving these goals and objectives

4. Development of action plans to overcome these obstacles

5. Review of the organization's quality improvement initiatives

6. Discussion of any new quality improvement initiatives that need to be implemented

7. Recognition of employee achievements

i. In a pictorial diagram, illustrate the house of quality.

The house of quality is a tool used in quality management to identify and prioritize
customer requirements, and to translate these requirements into product or service
features. It is a pictorial representation of the relationship between customer
requirements, technical requirements

ii. Enumerate the various steps involved in building the house of quality.

1. Identify customer requirements: This is the first step in building the house of quality. It
involves identifying the most important customer requirements for the product or service.
This can be done through surveys, interviews, and focus groups.
2. Translate customer requirements into technical requirements: Once the customer
requirements have been identified, they need to be translated into technical
requirements. This means identifying the specific features or characteristics of the
product or service that will meet the customer requirements.
3. Determine the relationship between customer requirements and technical requirements:
This step involves determining how the customer requirements relate to the technical
requirements. This can be done by using a matrix, with the customer requirements on
one axis and the technical requirements on the other axis. The cells in the matrix are
then filled in with the strength of the relationship between the two requirements.
4. Identify engineering characteristics: Engineering characteristics are the specific features
or characteristics of the product or service that can be measured or controlled. These
characteristics are identified in order to ensure that the technical requirements are met.
 5. Determine the relationship between engineering characteristics and technical
requirements: This step is similar to step 3, but it involves the relationship between the
engineering characteristics and the technical requirements.
6. Set target values for engineering characteristics: Target values are the desired values for
the engineering characteristics. These values are set based on the customer
requirements and the technical requirements.
7. Determine the correlation between engineering characteristics: This step involves
determining how the engineering characteristics relate to each other. This information
can be used to identify potential problems and to improve the product or service design.

The Give the Quality Hierarch hierarchy

is a model that describes the different levels of quality. It is often represented as a

pyramid, with the highest level being "conformance to requirements" and the lowest
level being "fitness for use".

The different levels of the quality hierarchy are:

 Conformance to requirements: This is the level of quality that is achieved when the
product or service meets the specified requirements.
 Performance: This is the level of quality that is achieved when the product or service
performs as expected.
 Features: This is the level of quality that is achieved when the product or service has the
desired features and characteristics.
 Reliability: This is the level of quality that is achieved when the product or service is
likely to perform its intended function for a specified period of time.
 Durability: This is the level of quality that is achieved when the product or service can
withstand wear and tear.
 Serviceability: This is the level of quality that is achieved when the product or service
can be easily repaired or maintained.
 Appearance: This is the level of quality that is achieved when the product or service
looks good.
 Perceived quality: This is the level of quality that is perceived by the customer.
The quality hierarchy can be used to guide quality improvement efforts. By focusing on
the higher levels of the hierarchy, organizations can achieve higher levels of customer
satisfaction.